1. An introduction of LAN.
2. An introduction of VLAN.
3. Properties of VLAN.
4. Types of VLAN.
5. VLAN Identification Method
6. VLAN Trunking Protocol.
7. Inter-VLAN routing.
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Inter-VLAN routing is the process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN using a
router.
VLANs divide broadcast domains in a LAN environment. Whenever hosts in one VLAN need to
communicate with hosts in another VLAN, the traffic must be routed between them. This is known as
inter-VLAN routing. On Catalyst switches it is accomplished by creating Layer 3 interfaces (Switch virtual
interfaces (SVI)).
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Inter-VLAN routing is the process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN using a
router.
VLANs divide broadcast domains in a LAN environment. Whenever hosts in one VLAN need to
communicate with hosts in another VLAN, the traffic must be routed between them. This is known as
inter-VLAN routing. On Catalyst switches it is accomplished by creating Layer 3 interfaces (Switch virtual
interfaces (SVI)).
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
LAN
A Local Area Network (LAN) was originally defined as a network of computers located within the same area
Local Area Networks are defined as a single broadcast domain. This means that if a user broadcasts information on his/her LAN, the broadcast will be received by every other user on the LAN.
Broadcasts are prevented from leaving a LAN by using a router. The disadvantage of this method is routers usually take more time to process incoming data compared to a bridge or a switch
I tried to make as detailed, clear, abundant example and visual presentation of VLANs as possible. You can contact the e-mail address in the slide to get information about the yours issue or correct my any mistakes.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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2. CONTENTS
Introduction of LAN
Introduction of VLAN
Properties of VLAN
Types of VLAN
VLAN Identification methods
VLAN Trunking protocol
Inter-Vlan Routing
3. LAN
A Local Area Network (LAN) was originally defined as a network of computers
located within the same area.
Local Area Networks are defined as a single broadcast domain. This means that if
a user broadcasts information on his/her LAN, the broadcast will be received by
every other user on the LAN.
4. VLAN
A VLAN is a logical group of network devices that appears to be on the same
LAN.
Configured as if they are attached to the same physical connection even if they are
located on a number of different LAN segments.
Logically segment LAN into different broadcast domains.
VLAN’s can logically segment users into different subnets (Broadcast Domains)
Broadcast frames are only switched on the same VLAN ID.
This is a logical segmentation and not a physical one, workstations do not have to
be physically located together. Users on different floors of the same building, or
even in different buildings can now belong to the same LAN.
5. VLAN Range
By Default 5 VLAN’s created on a Switch, But only VLAN 1 belongs to
Ethernet network out of these 5 VLAN’s.
VLAN’s Usage
0 For System use only, You cannot see or use these VLAN.
1 Cisco default, We can use this VLAN but cannot delete it.
2-1001 Use for Ethernet VLAN’s, We can create, use and delete these VLAN’s
1002-1005 Cisco Default for FDDI and Token Ring. We can not delete these VLAN’s.
6. Properties of VLAN
Allows us to split switches into separate (virtual) switches.
To Reduce the cost of network.
Inter-VLAN traffic must be routed (i.e. go through a router) because they are separate
subnets
VLANs provide segmentation based on broadcast domains.
VLANs logically segment switched networks based on the functions, project teams, or
applications of the organization regardless of the physical location or connections to the
network.
All workstations and servers used by a particular workgroup share the same VLAN,
regardless of the physical connection or location.
7. VLANs address scalability, security, and network management.
Routers in VLAN topologies provide broadcast filtering, security,
and traffic flow management.
The switch behaves as several virtual switches, sending traffic only
within VLAN members.
8. Types of VLAN
A VLAN can be classified into two types:
Static Vlan
Dynamic Vlan
Static VLAN
Static Vlan are also referred to as port-based VLANs. In static VLAN
switch-ports must be manually assigned to a VLAN. Any device
connecting to that switch-port(s) becomes a member of that VLAN.
The client device is unaware that it belongs to a specific VLAN. Static
VLAN is easy to configure.
9. Dynamic VLAN
In dynamic VLAN devices are automatically assigned into a VLAN based on its MAC
address. This allows a client device to remain in the same VLAN, regardless of which
switch port the device is attached to. VLAN membership of a user always remains the
same even when he/she is moved to another location.
10. Types Of Port In VLAN
Access Ports: A port of switch which can carries the traffic of only one VLAN which
it belong to is known as Access Port.
Voice Access Ports: : Ports which can carry the voice data of other VLAN is known
as Voice Access Ports.
Trunk Ports: : A port which can carry the data of different VLAN.
11. Broadcast Domains With VLANs And Routers
Without VLANs
Without VLANs, each group is on a different IP network and on a
different switch.
12. With VLANs
Using VLANs. Switch is configured with the ports on the appropriate VLAN. Still, each
group on a different IP network; however, they are all on the same switch.
Sales
13. VLAN Identification Methods
Frame Tagging: VLAN Tagging, also known as Frame Tagging, is a method
developed by Cisco to help identify packets travelling through trunk links. When an
Ethernet frame traverses a trunk link, a special VLAN tag is added to the frame and
sent across the trunk link. There are two method of frame tagging which are given
below.
Inter Switch Link: ISL is a cisco proprietary VLAN identification protocol used
on fast Ethernet ports. It can only use to trunk between cisco devices. ISL
actually re-encapsulate the entire original frame with a new header and new
CRC value.
IEEE 802.1q: It is an industry standard method of Vlan identification. This
protocol doesn’t entirely re-encapsulate a frame but instead of this it adds VLAN
identification information into frames.
14. VLAN Trunking protocol (VTP)
VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) reduces administration in a switched network. When
you configure a new VLAN on one VTP server, the VLAN is distributed through all
switches in the domain. This reduces the need to configure the same VLAN
everywhere. VTP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol.
15. VTP Server: In VTP server mode, you can create, modify, and delete VLANs and specify other
configuration parameters. VTP servers advertise their VLAN configuration to other
switches in the same VTP domain and synchronize their VLAN configuration with other
switches based on advertisements received over trunk links. VTP server is the default mode.
VTP Client: VTP clients behave the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or
delete VLANs on a VTP client.
VTP Transparent: VTP transparent switches do not participate in VTP. A VTP transparent
switch does not advertise its VLAN configuration and does not synchronize its VLAN
configuration based on received advertisements, but transparent switches do forward VTP
advertisements that they receive out their trunk ports in VTP.
Modes Of VTP
16. Inter-Vlan Routing
Inter-Vlan routing allows the communication of two different VLAN
on a switch. To accomplish this we need a router or a layer 3 switch.
To support ISL and IEEE 802.1Q routing on a fast Ethernet interface
the router interface is divide into logical interface one for each Vlan,
these are called sub interface.