Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is often employed for streaming media applications on the Internet and private networks.(wikipedia)
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is often employed for streaming media applications on the Internet and private networks.(wikipedia)
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
In this webinar, we cover how Border Gateway Protocol works. Starting from key concepts, you'll learn about Autonomous Systems, the BGP protocol, AS Path, learning and advertising routes, RIBs and route selection. See the webinar recording at https://www.thousandeyes.com/webinars/how-bgp-works
CCNA Routing Fundamentals - EIGRP, OSPF and RIPsushmil123
- Basics of Routing
- Static Routing/Dynamic Routing
- Classification of Dynamic Routing
- Administrative Distance and Metric
- Link State Routing and Distance Vector Routing
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
networking and their Routing protocols with commands along with diagram ,(rip, IGRP and OSPF and BGP ) and knowledge about Network devices like Router and Switch. network define and definitions of Lan, router and all the routing protocols and their features.
Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks. this slide helps to describe routing protocols and their various aspects.
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
In this webinar, we cover how Border Gateway Protocol works. Starting from key concepts, you'll learn about Autonomous Systems, the BGP protocol, AS Path, learning and advertising routes, RIBs and route selection. See the webinar recording at https://www.thousandeyes.com/webinars/how-bgp-works
CCNA Routing Fundamentals - EIGRP, OSPF and RIPsushmil123
- Basics of Routing
- Static Routing/Dynamic Routing
- Classification of Dynamic Routing
- Administrative Distance and Metric
- Link State Routing and Distance Vector Routing
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
networking and their Routing protocols with commands along with diagram ,(rip, IGRP and OSPF and BGP ) and knowledge about Network devices like Router and Switch. network define and definitions of Lan, router and all the routing protocols and their features.
BGP is a popular routing protocol used in the Data Center (DC). But as the protocol that powers the Internet, it also comes armed with a lot of sophistication that scares many who think a CCIE or CCNA is required to even understand it.
Watch this presentation and learn:
*How BGP fits in the DC with specific use cases
*How to configure and manage BGP traditionally and via new methods
Multi-Protocol Label Switching has become by far one of the most important Internet technologies of the last 15 years. From humble beginnings back in 1996-97, it is literally the defacto standard in a large majority of service provider networks today. This presentation, delivered to executives at MTNL, Mumbai (a large regional carrier in India), explains the key operational principles behind MPLS, and its significant applications.
What is Artificial Intelligence | Artificial Intelligence Tutorial For Beginn...Edureka!
** Machine Learning Engineer Masters Program: https://www.edureka.co/masters-program/machine-learning-engineer-training **
This tutorial on Artificial Intelligence gives you a brief introduction to AI discussing how it can be a threat as well as useful. This tutorial covers the following topics:
1. AI as a threat
2. What is AI?
3. History of AI
4. Machine Learning & Deep Learning examples
5. Dependency on AI
6.Applications of AI
7. AI Course at Edureka - https://goo.gl/VWNeAu
For more information, please write back to us at sales@edureka.co
Call us at IN: 9606058406 / US: 18338555775
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/edureka
This Presentation was made by Ali Ibrahim and Aun Haider for the Class Activity purpose. We do hope that this Presentation may assist those students who are undergoing networking studies, presentation or projects in a fruitful and positive manner.
BGP (Border Gateway Routing Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to
exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The
Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies or rule-sets
configured by a network administrator, and are involved in making core routing decisions.
BGP is a very robust and scalable routing protocol, as evidenced by the fact that BGP is the routing
protocol employed on the Internet.
I walk through What is BGP, Why BGP and BGP Attributes, Path Selection, Use Case of BGP, iBGP, eBGP, CCNP Routing, Multi Homing
What is BGP?
Why BGP?
BGP Peer Relationships
Configuration of BGP
BGP attributes and Path Selection
BGP use cases
Cisco ccnp 642-902 practice tests for quick preparationCisco-642-902
Are you searching for quick and most authenticated 642-902 exam preparation material that can assure your success in Cisco 642-902 exam? You are on the right way. We offer the same with free 642-902 demo. Just check out our material here: http://goo.gl/t3niq7
A detailed study on fraud analysis of international trade on ecpommerce platf...Smriti Tikoo
When items of utility or services are bought or sold via electronic exchange of money over an online crafted platform it is called an ecommerce transaction. The beauty of this platform is it allows users to access from the cossy comfort of their homes and offers a variety of items to choose from and hassle free shipping and timely deliveries.
Sometimes we try reasoning our actions way too much than necessary which can lead to depression and anxiety issues . One must learn to let go to breathe freely
Face detection and recognition has been prevalent with research scholars and diverse approaches have been
incorporated till date to serve purpose. The rampant advent of biometric analysis systems, which may be full body
scanners, or iris detection and recognition systems and the finger print recognition systems, and surveillance systems
deployed for safety and security purposes have contributed to inclination towards same. Advances has been made with
frontal view, lateral view of the face or using facial expressions such as anger, happiness and gloominess, still images
and video image to be used for detection and recognition. This led to newer methods for face detection and recognition
to be introduced in achieving accurate results and economically feasible and extremely secure. Techniques such as
Principal Component analysis (PCA), Independent component analysis (ICA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA),
have been the predominant ones to be used. But with improvements needed in the previous approaches Neural Networks
based recognition was like boon to the industry. It not only enhanced the recognition but also the efficiency of
the process. Choosing Backpropagation as the learning method was clearly out of its efficiency to recognize non linear
faces with an acceptance ratio of more than 90% and execution time of only few seconds.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Contents
• Introduction
• IGP
• eGP
• Current Version
• Uses
• Operation
• Route map mechanisms
• Extension negotiation
• FSM
• Problems and Mitigation
3. Introduction
• BGP- Border Gateway Protocol.
• It makes internet work.
• Standardized exterior gateway protocol.
• Designed to exchange routing and reach
ability of info b/w autonomous systems.
• Often classified as a path vector protocol.
• BGP makes routing decisions based on
paths , n/w policies or rule – sets
configured by a n/w administrator & is
involved in making core routing decisions.
4. Continued….
• BGP makes use of routing within
an autonomous system(AS).
• It is one the most complex and
difficult to configure protocol
but its emphasis on security and
scalability makes its usage
essential.
5. Interior Gateway Protocol
• Used for exchanging info between
gateways( routers) within an
autonomous system.
• This routing info can then be used to
route network layer protocols like IP.
• IGP can divided into 2 categories- link
state routing protocols and distance
vector routing protocol.
• Examples of IGP – RIP, OSPF, IS-IS.
6. Exterior Gateway Protocol
• Protocol for exchanging info between
two neighbor gateway hosts in a
network of autonomous systems.
• Commonly used between hosts on the
internet to exchange routing table
information.
• BGP is an example of EGP
7.
8. Current Version
• Present version of BGP is version
4(BGP4) codified in RFC 4271 since
2006.
• Earlier versions of protocol considered
obsolete & rarely supported.
• RFC 4271 went through more than 20
drafts is based on RFC 1771 version 4.
9. Continued…
• RFC 4271 corrected a no. of errors,
clarified ambiguities & brought RFC
closer to industrial practices.
• Major improvement brought by version
4 is support for classless inter domain
routing and use of route aggregation to
reduce size of routing tables .
10. Uses
• Most ISP must use BGP to establish
routing b/w one another ( specially if
multi homed).
• Very large private IP n/w use BGP
internally.
• Another to use BGP is multi homing a
n/w for better redundancy, either to
multiple access points of a single ISP or
to multiple ISP’s .
11. Operation
• BGP’s neighbors called peers are
established by manual configuration b/w
routers to create a tcp session on port .
• A bgp speaker sends 19byte keep alive
messages after every 60 sec to maintain
connection.
• If BGP runs b/w two peers in the same
autonomous system it is called internal
bgp and when among different
autonomous systems then called
external bgp.
14. • Border/Edge routers- routers on
boundary of one AS exchanging info
with another AS, typically connected
directly while iBGP peers can be
interconnected through other
intermediate routers.
• The main difference in iBGP and eBGP
peering is way the routes received from
peer is propagated to other peers.
15.
16.
17. Route map mechanisms
• Helps in filtering routes from peers
• Transformation of routes before
redistribution to peers and plumbing
them in routing tables.
• These are basic rules which allow to
apply certain actions to routes matching
a certain criteria on ingress or egress
path.
• These rules specify whether to drop or
modify a route.
18. Finite –State machines
• To make decisions in its operations with
peers, a bgp uses a simple FSM.
• FSM has six states
• Idle
• Connect
• Active
• Open sent
• Open confirm
• Established
19. • For each peer-to-peer session, a BGP
implementation maintains a state variable
that tracks which of these six states the
session is in.
• The BGP defines the messages that each
peer should exchange in order to change
the session from one state to another. The
first state is the "Idle" state.
• In the "Idle" state, BGP initializes all
resources, refuses all inbound BGP
connection attempts and initiates a TCP
connection to the peer. The second state
is "Connect".
20. • In the "Connect" state, the router waits for the
TCP connection to complete and transitions to the
"Open Sent" state if successful. If unsuccessful,
it starts the Connect Retry timer and transitions to
the "Active" state upon expiration.
• In the "Active" state, the router resets the
Connect Retry timer to zero and returns to the
"Connect" state.
• In the "Open Sent" state, the router sends an
Open message and waits for one in return in order
to transition to the "Open Confirm" state.
• Keep alive messages are exchanged and, upon
successful receipt, the router is placed into the
"Established" state.
• In the "Established" state, the router can
send/receive: Keep alive; Update; and Notification
messages to/from its peer.
21.
22.
23. BGP Problems and mitigation
• Internal BGP scalability- route
reflectors and confederations are a
solution.
• Instability- caused by route flapping
the solution is route flap damping
• Routing Table Growth
• Load balancing Problem
• Security Issues