The document provides information about vehicle diagnosis and solutions presented by Sandesh Giri at a summer training. It outlines the objectives of the training which include learning practical skills, time management, leadership, and workshop facility management. It then describes the profile of Sipradi Trading Pvt. Ltd. where the training took place, focusing on vehicle service, sales and distribution. The document proceeds to cover general safety procedures, common vehicle maintenance tasks like oil/filter changes, and specific diagnosis of issues like undercarriage noise, timing belt replacement, and software diagnostics. It details the brake and engine systems of the Tata Nano and concludes with cylinder head assembly/disassembly procedures.

1. VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS AND
SOLUTIONS
A Summer Training Presentation
By
Sandesh Giri
110106240
B.Tech ME
4th Year

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE TRAINING
• To exercise my knowledge acquired from textbooks
• To learn the practical aspects which were constricted to visualization only
• To learn time management
• To learn management and leadership skills by learning and understanding the techniques
followed and the ways they are implemented
• To know how to manage a good workshop facility.
• To be familiar with the working environment of workshop and behaviour of workers.
• To know about team work in organization.
• To know about the technical information of an automobile, their service schedule, parts, basic
construction of automobile, break down maintenance etc.
• To be familiar with new technologies in automobile field.
• To experience the practical and professional life as an Engineer.
• To know how to deal and assess problems to customers and help understand the problem for
swift assessment.

3. PROFILE OF SIPRADI TRADING PVT. LTD.
• Sipradi is a major company in Automotive and Allied business and is one of
the largest and most prestigious brands in Nepal. 30 years down the line,
Sipradi has exceeded USD 150 million annual revenue and is growing
rapidly in automotive, energy, lubricant, financial services, and equipment
businesses.
• Sipradi Trading Private Ltd (STPL) has been the exclusive distributor of Tata
Motors Ltd in Nepal since 1982.
• STPL sells and services the full range of Tata Motors’ commercial and
passenger vehicles. The company has the largest sales and service
distribution network throughout Nepal
• Sipradi Trading Pvt. Ltd. Soltimod Branch concerns with Service and
Diagnosis of Commercial Vehicles.

4. SAFETY PROCEDURES
• Always wear the safety equipment at the Workspace
• Always check for lifter pad’s positioning before lifting the Vehicle
• Avoid spillage of oil and fluid and clean immediately if there is
spillage
• Never use heavy equipment without guidance from a workshop
employee

5. GENERAL VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS
• Changing Engine Oil
1. Open Drain Plug
2. Collect the to be replaced oil in the oil-pan or tray
3. Close the drain plug
4. Open the oil-cap on the cylinder head and pour in the engine oil and
replace the cap
• Changing Oil Filter
1. Locate the oil-filter and remove the old oil filter by using filter
wrench
2. Dispose the filter and on the new filter pour some engine oil and
smear the gasket ring with engine oil as well
3. Re-install the oil filter by using filter wrench
• Changing Fuel Filter
• Locate the fuel filter and remove the fuel filter and the fuel pipes
connected to it from the fuel tank
• Replace the new fuel filter and connect the fuel pipes and pump the
filter to release air

6. GENERAL VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS
• Changing Air Filter
1. Unscrew the air filter plastic cover and remove the air filter
2. Air blow the plastic housing to remove dust
3. Replace the new air-filter and screw the plastic cover
• Checking and changing brake pads and brake liners
1. Open the tyres and remove the brake calipers or the brake drums
2. Check for wear on the brake pads and liners
3. Replace the pads and liners and re-install the calipers and the drum
along with the tyres

7. GENERAL VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS
• Undercarriage Noise
Under carriage noise is the noise or disturbance heard from underneath
the floor board of a vehicle. The noise persists because of multiple
reasons.
Worn Ball Joints
1. Jack the control arms to check or play
2. If there is play then remove the control arms and remove the ball
joint from the knuckle
3. Replace the ball joint and re-position it on the knuckle and re-install
the control arms
Worn Suspension and Control arm Bushes
1. Remove the control arms from the mounting point and check the
bushes for wear
2. If there is wear then replace the bushes
Sway Bars Bushes
1. The sway bars are removed and the bushes are checked
2. If the bushes are worn out then they are replaced

8. GENERAL VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS
• Checking and Changing Timing Belt
1. Open the bonnet and open the timing belt cover
2. Check for wear and tear in the timing belt
3. Is there is any wear then replace then remove the timing belt and replace it

9. Software Diagnosis
• A software scan tool provides access to the vehicle’s onboard
diagnostics and states the problem related with the vehicle.
• The modern tools allow multiple operations such as airflow, coolant
temperature, oxygen sensor outputs, throttle position and other
sensor readings. agnostics and states the problem related with the
vehicle.
• The limitation of diagnostic tool is that it can only be used in the
vehicle which has an Electronic Control Unit or the ECU.
Wheel alignment
• Procedure of aligning the various wheel and suspension geometries
• The process requires slight adjustment of front or rear suspension
components.
• Caster, camber and toe- in/ toe-out are the primary considerations
• Performed in a wheel alignment post by the use of sensors controlled
though a computer

10. Camber
• Its the angle of lean of the wheel away from the vertical
when viewed from the front of the vehicle. If the wheel leans
too far then uneven wear will occur.
Toe
• Wheel toe is an angle formed by the center line of the wheel
looking at the vehicle from above.
Caster
• Caster is the angle of steering pivot which is measured in
degrees.
• Viewed from the side, the caster is the tilt of the steering
axis.

11. TATA NANO BREAKING SYSTEM ASSEMBLY
Tata Nano has drum brakes in all the 4-wheels and is assisted by the brake booster technology.
Brake Assembly Without Brake Boosters Brake Assembly With Brake Boosters

12. Brake Master Cylinder
• The master cylinder converts the motion of the brake pedal into hydraulic
pressure.
• It consists of the reservoir tank, which contains the brake fluid and the piston
and cylinder which generate the hydraulic pressure.
Brake Master Cylinder Construction

13. Brake boosters
• The brake booster is designed to create a greater braking force from a minimum
pedal effort.
• It increases the pedal force 2 to 4 times depending on the size of the diaphragm.
• The brake booster is located between the brake pedal and the master cylinder.
• When pressure is applied to the brake pedal, pressure is exerted on the booster air
valve.
• With pressure created by the booster the master cylinder is applied.
Brake Booster when Brake Applied
Brake Booster when Partial Brake
Applied

14. General Engine Problems
• Engine starts but runs evenly and misfires
• Lack of power
• Excessive oil consumption
• Excessive mechanical noise from engine
• Unusual vibration
• Engine Heating Problem

15. CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLY AND DIS-ASSEMBLY
• Cylinder head dis-assembly relates to dismantling the cylinder head to check
for problems and assess with the possible diagnostic method

16. Procedure for Disassembly
• Remove the head cover
• Head cover provides housing and protection to the head. Head cover consists of the oil
filler cap and oil filler gasket.
• Remove the cam shaft
• Remove the tappet or the hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA)
• HLA a device for maintaining zero valve clearance in an engine which eliminates the
need for periodical valve adjustment as they set automatically and also reduces engine
noise and increase engine durability.
• Remove spring retainer, valve spring and washer
• Shim is a seal for the valve seal guide. Value seal guide is a cover which locks the valve
half lock into position. The value half lock locks valve spring retainer to the spring. The
valve spring is removed by the use of a special valve spring compressor tool.
• Remove intake and exhaust valves from the cylinder
• Remove valve stem seals
• Remove all the bolts on the head
• Remove the head

17. Procedure for Assembly
• Install cylinder head gasket
• Install the cylinder head
• Install the value seal on value guides
• Place the valves in their location
• Install the washer, valve spring and spring retainer
• Using vale spring compressor tool, compress the valve spring
• Install valve lock on the values
• Install the HLA or the tappet
• Replace the cam shaft
• Tighten the bolts to specified torque.
• Install the head cover

18. धन्यवाद!