The document discusses steel production at Essar Steel's Compact Strip Production (CSP) mill. It provides an overview of Essar Group and describes Essar Steel's integrated steelmaking process. This includes iron making in a blast furnace, steel making in an electric arc furnace, casting a hot slab, and rolling the slab into coil in the CSP mill. The CSP mill allows for higher productivity and lower costs than conventional rolling mills. It also discusses the hydraulic and automatic lubrication systems used in the CSP mill.
An insight into the Steel Plant at Durgapur, WB (INDIA) which is specialise to produce special steels (iron products not meant for construction purposes), from the eyes of a Vocational Trainee.
Mudgun and Mudgun column assembly major project in MARS2 in BHILAI STEEL PLANTBasant Kumar Sahu
I learn and enjoy the project in Bhilai steel plant. It is very important part of Blast Furnace of a steel industry. Mudgun and mudgun column repaired in MARS2 repairing workshop in Bhilai Steel Plant.
An insight into the Steel Plant at Durgapur, WB (INDIA) which is specialise to produce special steels (iron products not meant for construction purposes), from the eyes of a Vocational Trainee.
Mudgun and Mudgun column assembly major project in MARS2 in BHILAI STEEL PLANTBasant Kumar Sahu
I learn and enjoy the project in Bhilai steel plant. It is very important part of Blast Furnace of a steel industry. Mudgun and mudgun column repaired in MARS2 repairing workshop in Bhilai Steel Plant.
What is cast iron, its process, properties and applicationsSearchnscore
Cast Iron is a ferrous alloy consisting of 2 to 4.5 % of Carbon, 0.5 to 3 % Silicon and small amount of Sulphur, Manganese and Phosphorous. It is generally cast as soft and strong or as hard and brittle iron. Usually made from Pig Iron, cast iron is formed by liquefying it, followed by pouring it in a mould and allowing it to cool.
The physical principle of the electric arc furnace will be briefly explained. It will be made clear how latest context and technology bound developments triggered the breakthrough of the electric arc furnace as a future oriented technology. The increasing relevance of the electric arc furnace will be illustrated by some examples coming from a broad range of industrial sectors. Some indications will be given on the impact of the electric arc furnace on the electrical system.
Based on overall economic figures, indications will be given of the chance for further penetration of the electric arc furnace in industrial thermal processes.
We are the professional manufacturer of wire rod rolling mill, we also provide complete design for your rolling mill workshop, not only turnkey project but also tailor-made service, and we provide all the parts for roughing rolling mill, intermediate rolling mill process, including pinch roll, all kinds of shears, laying head, all of these crucial parts work extremely precisely and reliably.
Hani is a well-experienced enterprise; we have more than 20 year experiences in manufacturing rolling mill machinery, our core technology team is very experienced and they are all well-known in this industry in China, with high technology and best service, after decades of researching and developing in this industry, we gain really high reputation, and customer satisfaction.
I had done my 2 weeks Vocational Training from Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai situated in Chhattisgarh. I am sharing my final internship report which I made for the submission in my University.
This is a practical training of seminar report. In this seminar report all the procedure is include which is use in the industry to how to make a steel and CBRS Department is also include where the engine parts is repair.
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
See more
http://goo.gl/lUUh86
http://goo.gl/fSIHG7
http://goo.gl/4os7IE
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
the traning report of bhilai steel plant about all department including..1. foundry and pattern shope 2. forge and steel shope. 3. plate mill 4. c.r.m. 5. mARS 1.
IN this report including all things about bsp plant...
Analysis of Power Generation Plant at Pakistan Steel MillsDanial Sohail
Industrial visit report of Power Generation Plant at PSM, include stats about power generation, boiler and turbine capacities, water treatment plant for feed water. contains interactive schematics and charts for ease of understanding. briefly discuss all components of power generation plants. gives an insight about processes in boiler from preheating to super heating. Recommendation for PSM's power plant to enhance their efficiency and making it cost benefit.
What is cast iron, its process, properties and applicationsSearchnscore
Cast Iron is a ferrous alloy consisting of 2 to 4.5 % of Carbon, 0.5 to 3 % Silicon and small amount of Sulphur, Manganese and Phosphorous. It is generally cast as soft and strong or as hard and brittle iron. Usually made from Pig Iron, cast iron is formed by liquefying it, followed by pouring it in a mould and allowing it to cool.
The physical principle of the electric arc furnace will be briefly explained. It will be made clear how latest context and technology bound developments triggered the breakthrough of the electric arc furnace as a future oriented technology. The increasing relevance of the electric arc furnace will be illustrated by some examples coming from a broad range of industrial sectors. Some indications will be given on the impact of the electric arc furnace on the electrical system.
Based on overall economic figures, indications will be given of the chance for further penetration of the electric arc furnace in industrial thermal processes.
We are the professional manufacturer of wire rod rolling mill, we also provide complete design for your rolling mill workshop, not only turnkey project but also tailor-made service, and we provide all the parts for roughing rolling mill, intermediate rolling mill process, including pinch roll, all kinds of shears, laying head, all of these crucial parts work extremely precisely and reliably.
Hani is a well-experienced enterprise; we have more than 20 year experiences in manufacturing rolling mill machinery, our core technology team is very experienced and they are all well-known in this industry in China, with high technology and best service, after decades of researching and developing in this industry, we gain really high reputation, and customer satisfaction.
I had done my 2 weeks Vocational Training from Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai situated in Chhattisgarh. I am sharing my final internship report which I made for the submission in my University.
This is a practical training of seminar report. In this seminar report all the procedure is include which is use in the industry to how to make a steel and CBRS Department is also include where the engine parts is repair.
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
See more
http://goo.gl/lUUh86
http://goo.gl/fSIHG7
http://goo.gl/4os7IE
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
the traning report of bhilai steel plant about all department including..1. foundry and pattern shope 2. forge and steel shope. 3. plate mill 4. c.r.m. 5. mARS 1.
IN this report including all things about bsp plant...
Analysis of Power Generation Plant at Pakistan Steel MillsDanial Sohail
Industrial visit report of Power Generation Plant at PSM, include stats about power generation, boiler and turbine capacities, water treatment plant for feed water. contains interactive schematics and charts for ease of understanding. briefly discuss all components of power generation plants. gives an insight about processes in boiler from preheating to super heating. Recommendation for PSM's power plant to enhance their efficiency and making it cost benefit.
ESSAR GROUP
Introduction
Essar Group is a multinational conglomerate corporation in the sectors of Steel, Energy, Power, Communications, Shipping Ports & Logistics as well as Construction head quartered at Mumbai, India. With operations in more than 20 countries across five continents.
Founder of Essar group
The Essar Group is as strong as steel, as slick as oil, and on the go over sea and the airwaves. One of the largest corporations in India, the conglomerate's holdings include the country's first independent power plant and its first private steel plant. Other operations include construction, oil and gas production, and telecommunications. Controlled by the Ruia family, which has been in business since the 1800s, the Essar Group was founded by Nand Kishore Ruia and passed to his sons Shashi and Ravi after his death in 1969. Its primary unit, Essar Steel, has manufacturing facilities in India, Indonesia, Canada, and the US, with an annual production capacity of 14 million tons.
India has become the world’s fourth-largest producer of crude steel. The country is slated to become the second-largest steel producer by 2015 as large public and private sector players strengthen steel production capacity in view of the rising demand.
The total market value of the steel sector in India stood at US$ 57.8 billion in 2011 and is expected to touch US$ 95.3 billion by 2016. Total crude and finished steel production grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.6 per cent and 4.2 per cent over FY08-11 to reach 69.6 million tonnes (MT) and 66 MT respectively.
Steel consumption is expected to grow at an average rate of 6.8 per cent to reach 104 MT by 2017 driven by rising infrastructure development and growing demand for automotives. The infrastructure sector is India’s largest steel consumer, accounting for 63 per cent of total consumption in FY11. Attracted by the growth potential of the Indian steel industry, several global steel players have been planning to enter the market. The Government of India (GOI) has allowed 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sector through automatic route in order to attract foreign investments.
Essar Steel is a global integrated steel producer with an annual capacity of 14 million tones with a strong presence in intensive steel consuming markets of Asia and North America.
Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
1. STEEL PRODUCTION AT
COMPACT STRIP
PELLET MILL
Submitted by:-
SAROSH.RAHIL.RAHIM
CLASS:-ME-D
ROLL NO:-110106245
ENROLLMENT NO:-11SETME463
2. CONTENTS
• CHAPTER-1: INRODUCTION TO ESSAR GROUP
• CHAPTER-2: ESSAR STEEL PRODUCTS
• CHAPTER-3: WHAT IS STEEL AND IT’S USE
• CHAPTER-4: COMPACT STRIP PRODUCTION (CSP) MILL
• CHAPTER-5: HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR CSP MILL
3. CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION TO ESSAR
GROUP
ESSAR began as a construction company in 1969 and has
diversified into manufacturing, services and retail over the years
since then. Over the last decade, it has grown through strategic
global acquisitions and partnerships , capturing new markets and
discovering new raw material sources.
Today, ESSAR continues to expand its global footprint, focusing on
markets in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas and Australia. Essar
invests significantly in the latest technology to drive forward and
backward integration in its businesses, and on leveraging synergies
between these businesses. It also focuses on in-house research and
innovation to be a low-cost manufacturer with high-quality products
and innovative customer offerings.
4. ESSAR’S AREA OF BUSINESS INCLUDE:-
• STEEL
ESSAR Steel is a global producer of steel with a footprint covering
India, Canada, USA, and Asia. It is a fully integrated flat carbon steel
manufacturer—from iron core to ready-to-market products. ESSAR
Steel has a current capacity of 9 million tons per annum (MTPA).
With its aggressive expansion plans in India as well as Asia and
America, its capacity will go up to 20 to 25 MTPA. Its products find
wide acceptance in highly discerning consumer sectors, such as
automotive, white goods, construction, engineering and shipbuilding.
ESSAR Steel produces world-class steel at HAZIRA. It is India’s
largest exporter of flat Products mainly to US, Europe, South East &
Middle East.
5. • ENERGY
ESSAR energy is a world-class, low-cost, integrated energy company
focused on India and positioned to capitalize on India's rapidly growing
energy demand. We have an established track-record and assets worth
US$12 billion across the power and oil and gas industries. The combined
assets of Essar Power and Essar Oil constitute Essar Energy.
• INFRASTUCTURE
ESSAR has a strong foundation in infrastructure projects, with proven
capability in managing ports and handling large, complex engineering,
procurement and construction projects.
• SERVICES
ESSAR offers a wide portfolio of services that cater to diverse
sectors that include shipping, business process outsourcing,
telecom and realty.
6. CHAPTER 2:- ESSAR STEEL PRODUCTS
1). IRON ORE PELLETS
Iron Ore Pellets are spheres of typically 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) to
be used as raw material for blast furnaces. They typically contain
67%-72% Fe and various additional material adjusting the chemical
composition and the metallurgic properties of the pellets.
2).HOT BRIQUETTED IRON (HBI)
Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) is a form of iron that has been compacted
at a temperature greater than 650° C at time of compaction and has
a density greater than 5000 kilograms per cubic meter (5000 kg/m3).
7. 3). COLD ROLLED PRODUCT
Hot rolled steel that has been rolled to its specified final thickness at
room temperature is known as cold rolled product.
4). GALVANIZED PRODUCT
The process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron
products to prevent rusting is known as galvanized product.
5).CHEQUERED PLATES
Patterned or perforated metal plate used to make non-slip flooring in
mineral preparation plants, power stations etc.
8. CHAPTER 3:- WHAT IS STEEL AND IT’S
USE IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, that is used in
construction of roads, railways, appliances, buildings and
various other applications because of it’s hardness and
tensile strength.
• Iron is the main ingredient in various forms of iron and
steel, but the various types of metals contain other
elements as well. Sometimes these elements are
unwanted; other times they're intentionally added.
• The various elements used in steel are :- Carbon,
Manganese, Phosphorous, Sulfur, Silicon, Nickel,
Chromium,
9. Elements of Steel Composition :-
1). Cast Iron:-
Cast iron contains high levels of carbon, which makes it
a hard, brittle metal. Cast iron was commonly used
throughout Europe to make church bells and, in colonial
America, pots and pans.
2).Wrought Iron:-
Wrought iron is a strong, durable metal with a low
carbon content. Items such as locks, bolts, tools, and
fences are crafted out of this metal.
3).Plain Steel:-
During the early 20th century, new processes in steel
production allowed steel to surpass iron as the most
10. widely used structural metal. Its great strength and
affordability allowed craftsmen to construct sturdier
bridges and higher buildings.
4). High Strength Steel:-
Adding alloys to steel increases strength and it
becomes wear-resistant metal, which can be used for
various purposes.
11. PROCESS FLOW
The raw materials like Iron , Carbon , Manganese ,
Phosphorous , Sulfur , Nickel , are obtained and are
transported to the Vizag Pellet Plant .
In the Vizag Pellet Plant these raw materials are mixed
together, and converted in the form of iron ore pellets ,
which is done by the moulds in the pellet machine . This
is done because transportation of the material is easier
in this form .
These pellets are then shipped to the Hazira Facility
where they are used as raw materials for the blast
furnace, and the iron making and steel making process
13. CHAPTER 4:MANUFACTURING PROCESS
IN COMPACT STRIP PELLET MILL
Iron Making :-
Iron ore, limestone and coke is the ‘’stock’ of the blast
furnace. This is fed into the furnace at its top. A variety of
processes take place within the blast furnace, as the
‘stock’ slowly moves downwards and temperatures
increase .
The removal of oxygen through the chemical process
called ‘reduction’ is crucial (oxygen combines with
carbon monoxide, forming carbon dioxide gas). As the
stock travels down the furnace, various impurities and
gases are removed until only molten iron and slag are
left.
14. Steel Making :-
It is done to remove slag or impurities after the iron
making process.
Electric Arc Furnace steelmaking is the manufacture of
steel from scrap melted by electric arcs. In an electric
arc furnace, a batch of steel ("heat") may be started by
loading scrap into the furnace, sometimes with a "hot
heel" (molten steel from a previous heat). Gas burners
may be used to assist with the melt down of the scrap
pile in the furnace. As in basic oxygen steelmaking,
fluxes are also added to protect the lining of the vessel
and help improve the removal of impurities. Electric arc
furnace steelmaking typically uses furnaces of capacity
15. around 100 tonnes that produce steel every 40 to 50
minutes for further processing.
16.
17. • Slab is cut to the predecided length and this hot slab is directly fed
to the tunnel furnace (of length 185-260m). In tunnel furnace slab
temp is equalized across the cross-section. Temp of slab at entry of
tunnel furnace is about 950°C and it is heated to a temp of about
1050°C. Hot slab from tunnel furnace is passed through high
pressure descaler and then directly to mill for making hot rolled coil.
• CSP Mill is equipped with automatic gauge control (AGC),
Hydraulic loopers for F1-F4,differential tension looper for F5,
Continuously Variable Crown, Work roll bending and shifting to get
good quality of strip profile and flatness.After F6 strip passes
through automatically controlled laminar cooling for getting good
mechanical properties. This strip is coiled and transported to coil
yard by pallet type conveyor.
18. • CSP has got many advantages over conventional as
mentioned:
• About 50%of space is required as compared to conventional Hot
Strip Mill of same size.
• Overall energy consumption for production of Hot Rolled coils is only
90,000 k cal / ton with cold charged EAF.
• 29-30 minutes process time is required as against 8 hours for the
conventional thick slab casting process from slab to coil.
• Since no slab reheating or roughing reduction is involved, the rolling
mill cost index is just 100 compared to 150 for the conventional thick
slab rolling process.
• Very high labour productivity.
• It enables to produce strips of thickness less than 1mm.
19. CHAPTER 5:-HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• Hydraulics can be defined as the transmission and
control of forces and movements by means of fluids.
• Salient features of hydraulics:-
1). High forces(torques)within a small space
2).Automatic load matching
3).Start of movement under full load
4).Simple step less control of speed , torque or force.
5).Simple overload protection.
20. • An Automatic Lubrication System (ALS), often referred to
as a Centralized Lubrication System, generally
comprises a controller or timer, a pump and reservoir,
metering valves and fittings and supply and feed lines. It
typically delivers a controlled amount of lubricant (either
grease or oil) to multiple, specific locations on a machine
while the machine is operating, at specific times from a
central location for an Automatic Lubrication System.
21. REASON FOR AUTOMATIC
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Whether the equipment is stationary, such as in a
manufacturing facility or mobile such as trucks, mining or
construction equipment, applying lubricant is often most
effective when it is dispensed in small, measured
amounts over short, frequent time intervals. However,
time and human resource constraints or sometimes the
physical location or type of machine often makes this
approach to lubrication impossible. As a result,
production cycles, machine availability, and manpower
availability dictate the intervals at which machinery is
lubricated which is not optimal for the point requiring
lubrication. Auto lube systems are installed on machinery
to address this problem.
22. BENEFITS OF AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION
SYSTEM
• Auto lube systems have many advantages over traditional methods
of manual lubrication:
• All critical components are lubricated, regardless of location or ease
of access
• Lubrication occurs while the machinery is in operation causing the
lubricant to be equally distributed within the bearing and increasing
the machine’s availability.
• Proper lubrication of critical components ensures safe operation of
the machinery.
• Less wear on the components means extended component life,
fewer breakdowns, reduced downtime, reduced replacement costs
and reduced maintenance costs
• Measured lubrication amounts means no wasted lubricant
Safety - no climbing around machinery or inaccessible areas (gases,
exhaust, confined spaces, etc.)
23. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LUBRICATION
SYSTEM
• There are several different types of automatic lubrication
systems including:
• Single Line Parallel systems
• Dual Line Parallel systems
• Single Point Automatics
• Single Line Progressive systems (or Series
Progressive)
• Single Line Resistance
• Oil Mist and Air-Oil systems
• Oil re-circulating
• Chain lube systems
24. • Single Line Parallel:-
• The first single-line parallel system for industry was introduced in
1937 by Lincoln Engineering (now known as Lincoln Industrial) in
the U.S.A.
A single line parallel system can service a single machine, different
zones on a single machine or even several separate machines and
is ideal when the volume of lubricant varies for each point. In this
type of system, a central pump station automatically delivers
lubricant through a single supply line to multiple branches of
injectors. Each injector serves a single lubrication point, operates
independently and may be individually adjusted to deliver the
desired amount of lubricant.
25. • Dual Line Parallel:-
• A dual line parallel system is similar to the single line parallel system
in that it uses hydraulic pressure to cycle adjustable valves to
dispense measured shots of lubricant. It has 2 main supply lines
which are alternatively used as pressure / vent lines. The advantage
of a two-line system is that it can handle hundreds of lubrication
points from a single pump station over several thousand feet using
significantly smaller tubing or pipe.
26. • Single Line Progressive
• A single line progressive system uses lubricant flow to cycle
individual metering valves and valve assemblies. The valves consist
of dispensing pistons moving back and forth in a specific bore. Each
piston depends on flow from the previous piston to shift and displace
lubricant. If one piston doesn’t shift, none of the following pistons will
shift. Valve output is not adjustable.
27. • GREASE:-
• Grease is a semisolid lubricant. It generally consists of a soap
emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil.[1] The characteristic feature
of greases is that they possess a high initial viscosity, which upon
the application of shear, drops to give the effect of an oil-lubricated
bearing of approximately the same viscosity as the base oil used in
the grease. This change in viscosity is called thixotropy. Grease is
sometimes used to describe lubricating materials that are simply soft
solids or high viscosity liquids, but these materials do not exhibit the
shear-thinning (thixotropic) properties characteristic of the classical
grease. For example, petroleum jellies such as Vaseline are not
generally classified as greases.
28. • Greases are applied to mechanisms that can only be
lubricated infrequently and where a lubricating oil would
not stay in position. They also act as sealants to prevent
ingress of water and incompressible materials. Grease-lubricated
bearings have greater frictional characteristics
due to their high viscosity.
• NLGI(National Lubricating Grease Institute)
SERVO (IOCL- Indian Oil Corporation Limited)
• MAK100(BPCL- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited)
29. Dual Line Grease Lubrication
• Dual Line Grease Lubrication systems are commonly used for
effective and economical metering of grease and high viscosity oils
for the lubrication of individual machines and composite groups with
upto 1000 lubrication points. Ideally suited where points span long
distances, have high lubrication entry resistance or where sections
require individual and automatic lubricant control.
• A typical Dual Line System comprises of a High Pressure Pump,
Change over Valve, Dual Line Metering devices, Tubing, fittings,
End-Of-Line Pressure Switch Assembly and Electrical Control
Panel. The modular design and the wide range of Lincoln Products
enable optimum designing of the lubrication systems best suited to
the customer’s requirement.
30. The salient features of the Dual Line System are as follows:
• Monitoring of system ensuring lubrication of all points with the
desired quantity and frequency.
• Monitoring of individual (critical) points as optional.
• Modular design enables economical and optimum system design.
• High Pressure system design to ensure Quality of Lubricant at high
operating temperatures, Reduced initial fill & residual grease in the
system, Faster & shorter cycles resulting in better lubrication and
capability of handling high bearing back pressure & expansion
possibilities.