This document provides training on the proper usage and maintenance of vehicles, equipment, machinery, and trucks. It covers pre-use inspections, fuel requirements, basic maintenance tasks like checking fluid levels and filters, and safety procedures. Employees should be able to perform circle checks, maintenance tasks, and properly secure loads after reviewing this document.

1. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT
USAGE AND MAINTENANCE

2. The purpose of this training is to prepare
employees to effectively and efficiently
maintain and use our machinery and trucks.
• After this training you should:
• Be comfortable filling out a vehicle inspection sheet
• Know how to do a circle check on machines and trucks
• Be familiar with the proper usage of our machinery and trucks
• Perform small maintenance tasks on some small equipment,
machinery and fleet trucks
Purpose

3. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Fuel Requirements:
• Two stroke engines:
• Small engines on our grass trimmers, some jumping jacks,
concrete saws, chain saws are two stroke engines
• Two stroke engines require the fuel to be mixed with two
stroke oil
• Most of our engines use a mixture of 50:1 (50 parts gas :
1 part oil)
• Mix a whole 100ml bottle of two stroke engine oil with 5
liters of gasoline
• Four stroke engines:
• Small engines on our generators, plate tampers, pumps,
are four stroke engines
• Four stroke engines require straight gas
 Each small engine will be marked for straight or mixed fuel

4. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Plate Tampers:
• Pre-Use Checks:
• Before starting the engine check:
• Oil level in the engine
• Fuel level
• Condition of the air cleaner
• Tightness of the external fasteners
• Condition of the fuel lines Fuel
Air Cleaner

5. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Air Cleaner on Plate Tamper:
• Remove air cleaner cover (a)
• Remove foam element (b)
and inspect for holes or
tears (replace damaged
elements)
• Remove and tap paper
element (c) lightly to
remove excess dirt. Replace
paper element if it appears
heavily soiled
 NEVER RUN ENGINE WITHOUT AIR CLEANER.
SEVEAR ENGINE DAMAGE WILL OCCUR

6. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Quick Cut Saws:
• Pre-Use Checks
• Check the fuel system for leaks, especially the visible parts (Filler cap,
hose connections)
• Make sure the cutting wheel is suitable for the material to be cut, in the
correct rotation position, and in good working order (no cracks, chips,
warps..etc)
• Both the throttle trigger and its throttle trigger lockout move smoothly
• Stop switch must move easily to Stop or 0
• Check that the spark plug boot is secure. A loose boot can lead to flying
sparks which may ignite the escaping fuel/air mixture
• Check for fuel level and make sure it is mixed fuel

7. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Stihl Quick Cut:
• How to replace blade:
• Slide locking pin (1) through the bore in the V-belt
guard
• Turn the shaft with the combination wrench until the
locking pin (1) engages with the bore behind the guard
• Use the combination wrench to loosen and remove the
hexagon head screw (2)
• Remove the front thrust washer (3) from the shaft
together with the blade
• Fit the new blade (4)
• Replace the front thrust washer (3)
• Tighten the hexagon head screw (2)
• Remove locking pin (1)
 The catches of the front thrust washer must engage in
the shaft groves
 Ensure blade has been installed in correct direction
 Make sure to tighten hexagon head screw snuggly

8. Small Engine Usage & Repair
• Basic Maintenance:
• Air cleaner on quick cut saws
• Undo the screws (1)
• Remove the filter cover (2) and
clean it
• Remove the main filter (3)
• Remove the auxiliary filter (4) –
ensure the dirt does not enter
the intake area
• Clean the filter area
• Insert new auxiliary filter (4)
and new main filter (3)
• Refit filter cover (2)
• Retighten screws (1)
 NEVER RUN ENGINE WITHOUT AIR CLEANER.
SEVEAR ENGINE DAMAGE WILL OCCUR

9. Fleet Trucks – Daily Pre Trip Inspection Book
• Always perform a circle check before driving a fleet truck
• Must be done every day that the truck is being used
• You may sign off on other workers circle checks from the same working day
• If you see something wrong tell RICHARD T!
• Cannot have more than 7 filled out white sheets in a book at one time
• Employer: (HCSL)
• Truck Make:
• License Plate:
• Province: (ON)
• Unit # (eg. 209)
• Trailer Information:
• Go through each item and if
there is a defect decide
whether it is minor or major
• If it is minor, you may still
drive the truck
• If its major, you must park
the truck and tell RICHARD T
• Write your name
• Sign your name
• Check whether no defects
were found, if the defects
were corrected or whether
the defects will not effect
the integrity of the truck
• Date
• Time
• Location (shop, site)
• Odometer KM
• Need to fill out
when driving more
than 160km from
the office
6
7
11

10. Fleet Trucks – Checking Oil
• Check Oil
• Always check oil when engine is cold
• Open Hood of truck
• Pull out dip stick, wipe off dipstick with clean, lint free rag/paper towel
• Place dipstick back into reservoir push dipstick all the way down
• Pull out dipstick again and check to make sure oil is between fill and full lines.
• If you see the oil is below the fill line add oil as needed
• Check the colour of the oil. Brown and black are fine, a milky colour means
something is wrong
Oil Dip Stick

11. Fleet Trucks – Adding Oil
• Adding Oil
• We have Spectra Xtreme 15W40 oil inside the shop on the shelves, this oil is good to use in any
truck in our fleet
• Remove the oil filler cap
• Slowly pour small amounts of oil as not to over fill which could hurt the engine
• Wait about a minute after you have poured oil before you check it on the dip stick again
• Keep checking/filling until oil shows between the fill and full lines on the dipstick
• You should not have to normally pour more than a liter of oil into the engine. If you do something
may be wrong.
Oil Filler Cap

12. Fleet Trucks – Air Filter
• Check Air Filter
• With hood open, find the air box which is
usually at the front of the engine bay
• Take the top off the air box
• Remove the air filter and inspect it for
excessive dust
• If there is a lot of dust, bang the air filter a
few times
• If the filter is still dirty it needs to be
replaced

13. Fleet Trucks – Tire Pressure
• Checking Tire Pressure
• Look for recommended tire pressure on
the drivers door jam of truck
• Always check tire pressure COLD
• Remove stem cap
• Use pressure gauge (in every fleet
truck) to check pressure of each tire
• Replace stem cap
• Fill up low tires using air compressor in
shop or at gas station
• Benefits of Proper Tire Pressure:
• Increased fuel economy
• Decreased breaking distance
• Less wear and tear on tires
• Better vehicle handling

14. Fleet Trucks – Securing your Load
• Securing your load
• Use the right straps for the job:
• Appropriate strength/size
• Right amount of tie down straps
• Good working condition
• Tie down to designed tie down points on trucks
• Keep tie down straps inside cab of truck when not being
used
• Everything in the back of your truck bed is required to be
tied down or covered with a tarp or tonneau cover
• Loads extending 5 feet or more out of back of truck need to
be flagged with a red flag/marker
• Poorly secured loads are
responsible for more than 25,000
crashes and approximately 90
fatalities in the U.S. each year

15. Fleet Trucks – Checklist
• Each truck needs to be stocked with some important items
• Fleet trucks will be inspected by Richard T monthly to make sure all items are kept up to date/stocked
• These items are:
• CVOR (if applicable)
• Ownership for truck and trailers
• Insurance
• Hawkins accident report
• Fire extinguisher (5LB)
• First aid kit (1-5 people)
• Spill Kit
• JHA’s
• Workplace inspections
• Equipment Inspections
• Daily pre trip inspection book
• Most recent green book
• Booster Cables (one set/truck)
• Ratchet straps (2/truck)
• Windshield washer fluid
• If you notice anything missing or
expired please let Richard T know

16. Fleet Trailers - Inspections
• When pulling one of HCSL’s trailers you must inspect it
just as you would with a fleet truck
• Here are some things to check:
• Pin securing hitch to receiver on truck is intact and
cotter pin is intact and in locked position
• Trailer tongue lock is in place and functioning
• Correct ball size or pintle hook
• Safety chains are properly attached
• Electrical wiring and plugs are in good condition
• Reflectors are in good condition
• Brake, signal and marker lights are working
• Tires, including wear, air pressure and lug nuts
• Suspension (leaf springs) are in good condition
• Trailer is in overall good condition
• Load is secured and weight is even and over
wheels
• Trailer ownership, insurance, CVOR
• Know your weight, height, and width limits for
load
Only trucks with a CVOR are allowed to tow HCSL’s
dump trailer and galvanized flat bed trailer

17. Fleet Trucks – Important Information
• Important Information:
• Remove all garbage from trucks at the end of the work day
• Fuel up trucks upon return that are below ½ tank
• Park trucks in designated parking spaces at yard (Backed in)
• If something is wrong or feels wrong with the truck tell Richard T
• Put filled out white sheets from the pre trip inspection on desk
in shop. There should be no more than 7 filled out sheets at one
time in the book
• PLEASE DO NOT SMOKE IN COMPANY TRUCKS! Its against the
law to smoke in fleet vehicles

18. Heavy Equipment - Overview
• Proper equipment maintenance
and usage is extremely important
for safety and productivity.
• It is important to perform the
daily maintenance before starting
work so that the machine moves
at your beck and call and
operates in the best condition
without trouble for a long period
of time.

19. Heavy Equipment – Equipment Pre-use
Inspection Checklist
• Complete all the top fields: Job#,
Equipment Description, Equipment
# and Monday’s Date
• For each day of use write your
name, signature and the
equipment’s hours
• Carefully inspect each item in the
three categories: place a
checkmark for each item that
applies or an X if it does not apply
• Equipment pre-use inspection checklists
are to be completed every day the
machine is used prior to work. They are
to be submitted every Friday.

20. Heavy Equipment – Equipment Pre-use
Inspection Checklist
• If a problem is found but the equipment
is still fit for use: Make a note under the
appropriate day of the week that
includes the name of the person who will
correct the problem and notify that
person of the problem
• If a problem is found making the
equipment unfit for use: Make a note
under the appropriate day of the week
that states it is out of service and who is
responsible for the corrective action, tag
the equipment with an “Out of Service”
tag and notify the person who will
correct the problem

21. Heavy Equipment – Daily Checks
• Certain things need to be checked on
heavy equipment daily:
• Engine Oil
• Coolant
• Belt Tension
• Fuel
• Water separator
• Battery
• Electrical Wiring
• Hydraulic oil
• Washer Fluid
• Grease is one of the most important
parts of your daily maintenance
• Grease should be applied every
10 hours of machine work or
more often if operating in a
dusty environment
• Refer to machine owners
manual for general greasing
requirements

22. Heavy Equipment –Checking Oil
• If engine oil levels are low:
• Locate oil filling port
• Remove cap
• Add oil slowly using a funnel so not to spill
• Spectra Xtreme 15W40 is suitable for our Kubota
machines
• Check periodically with dip stick to make sure you haven't
added too much.
• The purpose of engine oil is:
• to keep the rotating and
sliding parts lubricated
• Keep the engines internal hot
zones cool and clean
• Keep the clearance between
cylinder and piston sealed
• Failure to properly maintain engine
oil may result in:
• Degraded or not enough oil
which could result in
shortening of the engine’s
service life or damage
• To Check Oil
• Engine oil should be checked while machine is cold
• Open engine bay
• Pull out yellow handled dipstick
• Wipe dipstick clean, replace it and pull it out again
• Check to see that the oil level is between the two notches on the
dipstick
Skid Steer
3 Ton Excavator

23. Heavy Equipment – Checking Coolant Fluid
• The purpose of coolant fluid is to:
• flow through the water passages
located at the engine’s cylinder,
cylinder head and other components to
prevent the engine from getting too
hot.
• Failing to not having enough coolant:
• Overheating which could result in
engine damage
• To Check Coolant Levels
• Coolant should be checked with engine cold
and parked on flat, level ground
• Locate radiator recovery tank
• Check to see if coolant level is between the
“FULL” and “LOW” marks on the recovery
tank
• If coolant fluid levels are low:
• Remove lid on the recovery tank
• Add anti-freeze and water to the specified mixing ratio in the
owners manual
Skid Steer
3 Ton Excavator

24. Heavy Equipment – Other Daily Checks
• Radiator:
• The Purpose of the radiator is to:
• Cool down the engine coolant
fluid
• Failure to maintain the radiator could
result in:
• Engine output to drop, as well as
coolant fluid could leak out
possibly resulting in an overheat
• Checking the Radiator:
• With the machine off and engine cold
• Locate the radiator
• Visually check to see if the fins or ribs
are clogged
• If fins or ribs are clogged carefully
remove any debris
• Visually check the rubber hoses for
damage
• If any hoses are cracked or
damaged they need to be
replaced right away
• V-Belt
• The purpose of the V-Belt is to:
• transmit power to drive the alternator, fan and water pump
• Failure to maintaining the V-Belt could result in:
• Overheating of the engine
• Checking the V-Belt
• With the machine off and engine cold
• Locate the V-Belt
• Visually inspect it for cracks, excessive wear or if it’s torn
• If the belt needs to be replaced do so before
using machine
Skid Steer
3 Ton Excavator

25. Heavy Equipment – Air Filter
• The purpose of the air filter is to:
• Clean up the intake air and to minimize the
internal wear of the engine
• Failure to maintain the air filter could result in:
• Engine output to drop
• The engine may get damaged
• To Check the Air Filter:
• With machine off and engine cold
• Locate air filter
• Remove the outer dust cover
• Remove and clean the outer element only
• Never remove inner element on site to
avoid dust from entering the engine
• Gently bang the dust out of the outer element if
not excessively dirty
• Replace filter if damaged or excessively
dirty
• Fit the outer element back into position
• Set the dust cover back with its “top mark”
upward
NEVER REMOVE ON SITE
3 Ton ExcavatorSkid Steer

26. Heavy Equipment – Water Separator
• The purpose of a water separator
is to:
• Separate water if it happens
to get into the fuel
• Without the water separator:
• Water could cause rust inside
the fuel system components
causing abnormal function.
• To Check Water Separator:
• With machine off and engine cold open engine bay
• Locate water separator
• Make sure red float is at the bottom of the water separator tank
• If you find the float at the “drain water” line follow the water separator
draining procedure in the owners manual Pure Fuel
Water
mixed fuel
Skid Steer 3 Ton Excavator

27. Heavy Equipment – Hydraulic Fluid
• The purpose of hydraulic fluid is to:
• Be used as power transmission medium in the
hydraulic system
• Provide lubrication, rust prevention and cooling
• Failing to maintain the hydraulic fluid could result in:
• Unusual noise
• Hydraulic components to wear prematurely
• Reduction or complete loss in power
• To Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels:
• With machine off and parked on level
ground
• Locate the hydraulic fluid sight glass
• Make sure enough fluid is present that
the oil level lies near the center line of
the sight glass
• If fluid levels are low fill up oil
through the oil port before
starting engine
Skid Steer
3 Ton Excavator

28. Heavy Equipment – Battery
• The purpose of the battery is to:
• Store the power necessary to get the engine started
• Supply power to the machines computers and instrumentation
• Failure to properly maintain battery may result in:
• Electrolytes to evaporate or self discharge which would make the
machine hard to start
• To Check the Battery:
• With machine parked and engine off
• Locate the battery inside the engine bay
• Read the indicator on the battery:
• Green – Battery is in good condition
• Black- Battery needs charging
• White- Battery needs replacing
• If battery needs attention follow charging/replacing procedures in
machines owners manual

29. Heavy Equipment – Checking Track Tension
• It is essential to maintain proper track tension to ensure reliable, smooth movement and to
avoid wear or damage to the track, motor or chassis
• Failure to insure track is properly tensioned may result in :
• Extra wear or the track may come off the rollers/sprocket
• To Check the Track Tension:
• Put the machine on a jack stand at the back and lift the front using the bucket
• The track must be off the ground completely to accurately inspect the tension
• The distance between the rollers and the track should be 20-30mm
• If adjustment is needed:
• Remove the protective plate on the side of the track assembly
• If the track needs more tension, pump grease into the grease nipple until desired tension is
achieved
• If track needs to be loosened, remove grease nipple with a socket wrench, let grease flow out
of hole until desired tension is achieved, screw grease nipple back into threaded hole.

30. Heavy Equipment – Greasing
“When determining the point
at which to re-grease, a costly
mistake is to wait until you
hear the sound of metal
grinding on metal. This creates
metal flakes in the bearing or
bushing that eventually lead
to failure."
When asked why there was so
much grease oozing out of a
bearing, an operator once
replied, “If one shot is good
and two is better, then isn’t 50
wonderful?” No! A few well-
targeted rounds are often more
effective than “spray and pray.”
Overfilling bearing cavities can
create major issues: Grease is
forced outside the seals (path
of least resistance) as the
equipment heats up, and it is
exposed to contaminants and
moisture. When the equipment
cools, the contaminated grease
is sucked back into those same
bearing cavities (part of thermal
expansion and contraction) and
can cause damage to the
equipment. Overfilling the
cavities also creates additional
heat.
• Grease is an extremely important part of
equipment maintenance
• The purpose of grease is to:
• provide lubrication for moving parts
• Act as a barrier for containments
• Prevent rust
• Without proper grease various parts may
move unevenly causing:
• Unusual noise
• Pins and bushings to get stuck
• Entire attachment rattling due to unusual
wear
• Applying Grease to Equipment:
• Grease should be applied to grease nipples every 10
hours of work
• Not all machines/fittings need the same amount of
grease, refer to owners manual for proper greasing
intervals
• Be careful not to over grease as it can cause
contamination

31. Heavy Equipment – Lubrication Points
Lubrication Points
Kubota SVL 90
(both sides of machine)

32. Heavy Equipment – Lubrication Points
Lubrication
Points:
Kubota 3 Ton
excavator

33. Heavy Equipment – Other Information
• Site Parking:
• Machine on site should be
parked so that:
• Access and egress of machine is
safe and on level ground
• Machine implements are blocked
in or covered with machine
• Machines are parked in highly
visible areas to impede theft and
vandalism
• Bucket, forks or other implement
is flat on the ground
• Float Moves
• To get machine ready for float move:
• Clean tracks/tires
• Fill with fuel
• Grease machine
• Check oil levels
• Clean inside of cab

34. Training Test
Thank You for your
participation!
Please proceed to the test in
the ‘Tasks’ section of the
training site
Good Luck!