The document presents a seminar on Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) systems in diesel engines, highlighting its principles, functionality, advantages, and advancements since its inception. It explains how CRDI improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions through high-pressure fuel injection and advanced electronic controls. Additionally, the seminar addresses future developments, including the possibility of zero-emission fuels and enhanced engine performance.

1. A SEMINARA SEMINAR
ONON
CRDI SYSTEMCRDI SYSTEM
Submit to Made bySubmit to Made by
Rahul Sharma Sir Yogendra SinghRahul Sharma Sir Yogendra Singh

2. INDEXINDEX
 IntroductionIntroduction
 PrinciplePrinciple
 WorkingWorking
 HistoryHistory
 FeaturesFeatures
 Scope for further developmentScope for further development
 AdvantagesAdvantages
 ConclusionConclusion
 ReferenceReference

3. IntroductionIntroduction
 On diesel engines, it features a high-On diesel engines, it features a high-pressurepressure
(over 1,000 (over 1,000 barbar), as opposed to a low-pressure), as opposed to a low-pressure
fuel pumpfuel pump feedingfeeding unit injectorsunit injectors..
 Third-generation common rail diesels nowThird-generation common rail diesels now
feature piezoelectric injectors for increasedfeature piezoelectric injectors for increased
precision, with fuel pressures up to 3,000 bar.precision, with fuel pressures up to 3,000 bar.
 The Diesel engines have also undergone a seaThe Diesel engines have also undergone a sea
change from the time Rudolf Diesel invented itchange from the time Rudolf Diesel invented it
way back in 1892.way back in 1892.
 Today Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) isToday Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) is

4. CRDI SystemCRDI System

5. PRINCIPLEPRINCIPLE
 Unlike in conventional diesel engines, theUnlike in conventional diesel engines, the
fuel is fed into the common tube or rail andfuel is fed into the common tube or rail and
high pressure is maintained.high pressure is maintained.
 This allows fuel to combine with air muchThis allows fuel to combine with air much
more efficiently.more efficiently.
 It features high-pressure fuel rail feedingIt features high-pressure fuel rail feeding
individual solenoid valves as opposed toindividual solenoid valves as opposed to
low-pressure fuel pump feeding injectors.low-pressure fuel pump feeding injectors.

7. CRDI with ECUCRDI with ECU

8. CRDI with ECUCRDI with ECU
 Solenoid or piezoelectric valves make possible fineSolenoid or piezoelectric valves make possible fine
electronic control over the fuel injection time andelectronic control over the fuel injection time and
quantity.quantity.
 Higher pressure that the common rail technologyHigher pressure that the common rail technology
makes available provides better fuel atomisation.makes available provides better fuel atomisation.
 To lower engine noise, the engine's electronic controlTo lower engine noise, the engine's electronic control
unit can inject a small amount of diesel just before theunit can inject a small amount of diesel just before the
main injection event ("pilot" injection).main injection event ("pilot" injection).
 Reducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well asReducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well as
optimising injection timing and quantity for variations inoptimising injection timing and quantity for variations in
fuel quality, cold starting.fuel quality, cold starting.

9.  Direct injectorDirect injector
 Spiral-shaped intake portSpiral-shaped intake port
 Integrated portIntegrated port
 Air flow meteringAir flow metering
 Multiple Pilot injection and Post injectionMultiple Pilot injection and Post injection
 Powerful MicrocomputerPowerful Microcomputer
 Newly-developed catalytic convertersNewly-developed catalytic converters
 Reduced noise levelsReduced noise levels
FeaturesFeatures

10. Direct InjectorDirect Injector
 The fuel injectors are typically ECU-controlledThe fuel injectors are typically ECU-controlled
 A fuel injector is nothing but an electronically controlledA fuel injector is nothing but an electronically controlled
valve.valve.
 When the fuel injectors areWhen the fuel injectors are
electrically activated, a hydraulicelectrically activated, a hydraulic
valve (consisting of a nozzle andvalve (consisting of a nozzle and
plunger) is mechanically orplunger) is mechanically or
hydraulically opened and fuelhydraulically opened and fuel
is sprayed into the cylinders at theis sprayed into the cylinders at the
desired pressuredesired pressure

11. Spiral Shaped Intake PortSpiral Shaped Intake Port
It provides –It provides –
 Optimum swirlOptimum swirl
 and even distributionand even distribution
of fuel.of fuel.

12. Integrated PortIntegrated Port
Integrated port is used for exhaust gasIntegrated port is used for exhaust gas
recycling. There are three advantages torecycling. There are three advantages to
this systemthis system
• eliminates external pipes which areeliminates external pipes which are
subject to vibrationsubject to vibration
• quicker engine warm-upquicker engine warm-up
• better combustion.better combustion.

13. Air Flow MeteringAir Flow Metering
 It givesIt gives exact analysis of the air-mass thatexact analysis of the air-mass that
is being taken in.is being taken in.
 Due to this metering system, theDue to this metering system, the
microcomputer that controls engine timingmicrocomputer that controls engine timing
receives precise data.receives precise data.

14. Multiple Pilot Injection and PostMultiple Pilot Injection and Post
InjectionInjection
 Pilot injections is small doses of fuel madePilot injections is small doses of fuel made
prior to the main injection which help toprior to the main injection which help to
smoothen the sharp combustionsmoothen the sharp combustion
character.character.
 Post injection is a similarly small dose ofPost injection is a similarly small dose of
fuel injected after the main injection tofuel injected after the main injection to
reduce particulates.reduce particulates.

15. Powerful MicrocomputerPowerful Microcomputer
 The microcomputer regulates the amountThe microcomputer regulates the amount
of time the valves stay open and thus theof time the valves stay open and thus the
amount of fuel injected, depending onamount of fuel injected, depending on
operating conditions and how much outputoperating conditions and how much output
is needed.is needed.

16. Newly Developed Catalytic ConvertersNewly Developed Catalytic Converters
 Besides electronically-controlled exhaust-Besides electronically-controlled exhaust-
gas recycling which contributes to lowergas recycling which contributes to lower
nitrous oxidenitrous oxide emissions, CRDI engines areemissions, CRDI engines are
equipped with catalytic converters nearequipped with catalytic converters near
the motor and emission control devices onthe motor and emission control devices on
the underbody. These vouch for a highthe underbody. These vouch for a high
degree of efficiency.degree of efficiency.

17. Reduced Noise LevelReduced Noise Level
 There is no mechanical device is using inThere is no mechanical device is using in
this technology so the noise and vibrationthis technology so the noise and vibration
produced byproduced by
the system is comparatively low.the system is comparatively low.
 The Electronic control and multipleThe Electronic control and multiple
injections reduced noise to a great extent.injections reduced noise to a great extent.

18. Scope For Further DevelopmentScope For Further Development
 Use of different fuels for zero emissions andUse of different fuels for zero emissions and
better engine performancebetter engine performance
 By using different fuels and cetane improvers,By using different fuels and cetane improvers,
maximum torque can be obtainedmaximum torque can be obtained
 Lowering the costLowering the cost
 Closed-loop control injection with ion sensingClosed-loop control injection with ion sensing
technologytechnology

19. AdvantagesAdvantages
 More power is developedMore power is developed
 Increased fuel efficiencyIncreased fuel efficiency
 More stabilityMore stability
 Pollutants are reducedPollutants are reduced
 Particulates of exhaust are reducedParticulates of exhaust are reduced
 Exhaust gas recirculation is enhancedExhaust gas recirculation is enhanced
 Precise injection timing is obtainedPrecise injection timing is obtained
 Pilot and post injection increase thePilot and post injection increase the
combustion qualitycombustion quality
 The powerful microcomputer makes theThe powerful microcomputer makes the
whole system more perfectwhole system more perfect

20. Manufacturers of CRDI EnginesManufacturers of CRDI Engines
 The car makers refer to their common railThe car makers refer to their common rail
engines by their own brand names. Someengines by their own brand names. Some
of them areof them are
BMW's D-enginesBMW's D-engines
Mahindra's CRDeMahindra's CRDe
Tata's DICORTata's DICOR
Honda's i-CTDiHonda's i-CTDi
Hyundai-Kia's CRDi etcHyundai-Kia's CRDi etc

21. ConclusionConclusion
CRDI technology revolutionized dieselCRDI technology revolutionized diesel
engines. It has changed the way oneengines. It has changed the way one
looks as diesel cars by providing thelooks as diesel cars by providing the
above said advantages.above said advantages.

22. Thank YouThank You

23. A Power Point Presentation byA Power Point Presentation by
Yogendra Singh ShekhawatYogendra Singh Shekhawat
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