Vectors and Rasters
•Download as PPT, PDF•
3 likes•4,679 views
Vector data stores individual map features with high precision and has a linked attribute table for storing metadata. It is well-suited for mapmaking but poorly suited for storing continuously varying surfaces like elevation. Raster data stores information as a grid of cells, each with a single value, making it ideal for representing continuously varying data but with less precision. Some types of analysis are faster with rasters due to more developed analysis tools, while others are faster with vectors.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Benefits of Vector Data ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Raster
This document provides an overview of basic data models used in GIS, including vector data models and raster data models. It discusses how raster data models establish a grid pattern over a geographic area with cells defined by row and column indices. Each cell is assigned a value representing dominant features or multiple features in that area. It also lists common raster data formats used in GIS like TIFF, JPEG, and netCDF files.
Introduction to GIS
GIS is a system for managing and analyzing geographic data. It uses two main data models: vector, representing points, lines and polygons; and raster, representing data as a grid of cells. Common file formats include shapefiles for vector data and GeoTIFF and MrSID for raster. GIS data is referenced using coordinate systems like WGS84 for global latitude/longitude or HK80Grid for Hong Kong. ESRI's ArcGIS software allows viewing, editing, and publishing this geospatial data for mapping and analysis.
Vector and Raster Data data model
The vector data model represents geographic objects as points, lines, and polygons defined by x-y coordinates, allowing for precise representation of features and spatial relationships. While useful for network analysis, vector data cannot represent continuous gradations and is complex. The raster data model divides space into a grid of cells, facilitating representation of thematic data and compatibility with remote sensing imagery, but with less precision and larger data sizes.
Introduction to ArcGIS
An introductory tutorial for Esri's ArcGIS version 10.1. This tutorial covers some basic concepts and tasks.
Spatial Analysis Using GIS
This document discusses various types of spatial analysis that can be performed using GIS. It describes how GIS allows for visual representation of data, precise vector analysis, integration of spatial and non-spatial data, and updatable analysis. The document then outlines specific spatial analysis techniques including map production, geovisualization, querying and measurement, descriptive summaries, and modeling. It provides examples for each type of analysis like cartograms for geovisualization and buffering and overlay for transformation.
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Topics:
1. Introduction to GIS
2. Components of GIS
3. Types of Data
4. Spatial Data
5. Non-Spatial Data
6. GIS Operations
7. Coordinate Systems
8. Datum
9. Map Projections
10. Raster Data Compression Techniques
11. GIS Software
12. Free GIS Data Resources
Raster data analysis
Raster data is represented by a grid of cells, where each cell contains numeric or qualitative values. Raster data comes from sources like images, maps, and satellite imagery. Common analyses of raster data include buffering, reclassification, hillshades, interpolation, and surface calculation. Buffering assigns "in" and "out" values to cells based on their distance from a feature. Reclassification reassigns cell values. Hillshades create shaded relief maps from elevation data. Interpolation estimates values between known data points. Surface calculation performs cell-by-cell mathematical functions on rasters.
Introduction to arc gis
The document provides an introduction to ArcGIS. It outlines that it will discuss what GIS is, how geographic data is represented in GIS, how data is stored in ArcGIS, GIS maps, GIS analysis processes, what ArcGIS is, and planning a GIS project. It then proceeds to define GIS, explain how geographic data is modeled in vector and raster formats, describe how data is organized and stored in an ArcGIS geodatabase, discuss GIS mapping and visualization, and overview spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS.
Recommended
Raster
This document provides an overview of basic data models used in GIS, including vector data models and raster data models. It discusses how raster data models establish a grid pattern over a geographic area with cells defined by row and column indices. Each cell is assigned a value representing dominant features or multiple features in that area. It also lists common raster data formats used in GIS like TIFF, JPEG, and netCDF files.
Introduction to GIS
GIS is a system for managing and analyzing geographic data. It uses two main data models: vector, representing points, lines and polygons; and raster, representing data as a grid of cells. Common file formats include shapefiles for vector data and GeoTIFF and MrSID for raster. GIS data is referenced using coordinate systems like WGS84 for global latitude/longitude or HK80Grid for Hong Kong. ESRI's ArcGIS software allows viewing, editing, and publishing this geospatial data for mapping and analysis.
Vector and Raster Data data model
The vector data model represents geographic objects as points, lines, and polygons defined by x-y coordinates, allowing for precise representation of features and spatial relationships. While useful for network analysis, vector data cannot represent continuous gradations and is complex. The raster data model divides space into a grid of cells, facilitating representation of thematic data and compatibility with remote sensing imagery, but with less precision and larger data sizes.
Introduction to ArcGIS
An introductory tutorial for Esri's ArcGIS version 10.1. This tutorial covers some basic concepts and tasks.
Spatial Analysis Using GIS
This document discusses various types of spatial analysis that can be performed using GIS. It describes how GIS allows for visual representation of data, precise vector analysis, integration of spatial and non-spatial data, and updatable analysis. The document then outlines specific spatial analysis techniques including map production, geovisualization, querying and measurement, descriptive summaries, and modeling. It provides examples for each type of analysis like cartograms for geovisualization and buffering and overlay for transformation.
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Topics:
1. Introduction to GIS
2. Components of GIS
3. Types of Data
4. Spatial Data
5. Non-Spatial Data
6. GIS Operations
7. Coordinate Systems
8. Datum
9. Map Projections
10. Raster Data Compression Techniques
11. GIS Software
12. Free GIS Data Resources
Raster data analysis
Raster data is represented by a grid of cells, where each cell contains numeric or qualitative values. Raster data comes from sources like images, maps, and satellite imagery. Common analyses of raster data include buffering, reclassification, hillshades, interpolation, and surface calculation. Buffering assigns "in" and "out" values to cells based on their distance from a feature. Reclassification reassigns cell values. Hillshades create shaded relief maps from elevation data. Interpolation estimates values between known data points. Surface calculation performs cell-by-cell mathematical functions on rasters.
Introduction to arc gis
The document provides an introduction to ArcGIS. It outlines that it will discuss what GIS is, how geographic data is represented in GIS, how data is stored in ArcGIS, GIS maps, GIS analysis processes, what ArcGIS is, and planning a GIS project. It then proceeds to define GIS, explain how geographic data is modeled in vector and raster formats, describe how data is organized and stored in an ArcGIS geodatabase, discuss GIS mapping and visualization, and overview spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS.
Geo-spatial Analysis and Modelling
This document discusses spatial analysis and modeling in a geographical information system. It defines spatial analysis as gaining an understanding of patterns and processes underlying geographic features in order to make better decisions and understand phenomena. The document outlines four types of spatial analysis: spatial data manipulation, spatial data analysis, spatial statistical analysis, and spatial modeling. It also describes different vector and raster spatial analysis techniques, such as clipping, overlaying, buffering, and slope/aspect calculations. Spatial modeling is defined as using models to predict spatial outcomes and enable "what if" analyses.
GIS Data Types
An introduction to GIS Data Types. Strengths and weaknesses of raster and vector data are discussed. Also covered is the importance of topology. Concludes with a discussion of the vector-based format of OpenStreetMap data.
GIS data analysis
This document discusses GIS data analysis techniques including raster to vector conversion and spatial analysis through vector overlay. It provides information on various data types and models in GIS. Key analysis techniques covered are raster and vector data overlays, terrain mapping and analysis, and spatial interpolation methods. Specific vector and raster overlay methods like point-in-polygon, line-in-polygon and polygon-on-polygon are described. Spatial data editing techniques involving digitization errors and topological/non-topological editing are also summarized.
ppt spatial data
This document discusses two types of spatial data used in GIS - vector data and raster data. Vector data represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons using vertices with x, y, and z coordinates. It allows for accurate representation of shapes and storing of attribute data but requires more processing and storage. Raster data represents geographic information through a grid of cells (pixels), with each cell storing attribute values like elevation or temperature. It is better for continuously changing data but cannot represent linear features well and has increased storage needs at higher resolutions. Both data types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case.
Gis Geographical Information System Fundamentals
Gis, Geographical Information System Fundamentals. This presentation includes a complete detail of GIS and GIS Softwares. It will help students of GIS and Environmental Science.
Terminology and Basic Questions About GIS
This document provides an overview of key concepts in GIS including shapefiles, grids, rasters, vectors, DEM, TIN, coordinate systems, and common file formats. It discusses the differences between raster and vector data, and explains that shapefiles are commonly used to store vector data while grids are used for raster data. DEM and TIN are introduced as methods for representing elevation data. The document also covers projected and unprojected coordinate systems and provides examples of coordinate systems. Common file formats for both raster and vector data are listed.
Digitizing features_2 in ARC GIS
Digitizing in GIS is the process of converting geographic data either from a hardcopy or a scanned image into vector data by tracing the features. During the digitzing process, features from the traced map or image are captured as coordinates in either point, line, or polygon format.
Data input and transformation
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in civil engineering. It discusses key concepts like vector and raster data models, data coding, representation of geographic features as points, lines and areas, common vector data structures including topology and dual independent map encoding, and data compression techniques. The course will cover GIS software, spatial queries, analysis functions, and practice generating hydrological modeling inputs like digital elevation models and flow maps from terrain data.
GIS and Mapping Software Introduction
This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS) and mapping software. It discusses that GIS integrates spatial data by capturing, storing, analyzing, displaying, and outputting different layers of information. These layers can represent data as either raster images made of cells or vector features defined by points, lines, and polygons with associated attributes. The document recommends QGIS as open source software that is easy to learn and has an active user community for creating and analyzing maps.
Getting started with GIS
The basic intention of this presentation is to help the beginners in GIS to understand what GIS is? It is a simple presentation about GIS, i mean an introductory one. Hope anyone finds it useful.
Introduction and Application of GIS
This document provides an introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system designed to store, manipulate, analyze and display spatially referenced data. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software and data. Common GIS software includes desktop programs like ArcGIS and open-source options like QGIS. GIS can incorporate different types of spatial data like raster, vector and remote sensing data along with associated attribute tables. Example applications discussed are in hydrology, including watershed analysis and flood modeling.
Raster data model
The document discusses the raster data model. The key points are:
- Raster data is represented as a grid of cells (pixels) organized into rows and columns. Each cell contains a value representing information.
- Common raster data types include satellite imagery, digital elevation models, and scanned maps.
- Raster data has advantages for modeling and analysis but disadvantages for representing linear features and conforming to cartographic standards due to resolution issues.
Gis functions
This document discusses the key functions of a geographic information system (GIS). It explains that a GIS allows users to capture, store, query, analyze, display and output geographic data. It describes the vector and raster data models used to store spatial data. The document also outlines the three main views of a GIS - the geovisualization view which includes maps, the geodata view which is the spatial database, and the geoprocessing view which involves tools to transform and derive new information from existing datasets. Finally, it discusses some key concepts for GIS maps including layers, features, attributes, and scale.
GIS
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses the history of GIS, defines what GIS is, describes what types of geographical data are used in GIS, and outlines the key GIS processes of capture, manage, analyze and present. It also provides some examples of GIS applications such as crime mapping, hydrology and health services. The overall document provides a high-level introduction to what GIS is and how it works.
Raster data and Vector data
This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
Gis
This document discusses the history and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) with a focus on its use in public health. It provides background on GIS, describing it as a set of tools for collecting, storing, manipulating, and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS from early maps in the 1850s to the development of computer-based systems in the 1960s-1980s. It then discusses various uses of GIS in public health including disease mapping and surveillance, environmental health analysis, and health resource planning and accessibility analysis. Specific examples of GIS applications in Nepal are also mentioned.
Chap1 introduction to geographic information system (gis)
GIS is a tool that allows for the storage, manipulation, retrieval, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. It differs from automated cartography and CAD in that it adds analytical capabilities. A LIS is a type of GIS focused on land information systems at a large scale. The main components of a GIS are people, data (spatial and aspatial), hardware, and software. The internet has greatly impacted GIS by facilitating data sharing, online discussions, and access to web-based GIS applications.
A short introduction to GIS
This document provides a short introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It discusses the purposes of GIS, including using GIS to understand phenomena that have both geographic and temporal dimensions. It also describes how GIS allows users to enter, analyze, and present georeferenced data. The document outlines how GIS represents real world features through models like maps and databases and discusses spatial databases specifically. It positions GIS as existing at the intersection of geography and information science and technology.
PROCESS OF GEOREFERENCING IN QGIS
Georeferencing is the process of associating a map or aerial photo with geographic coordinates. It involves relating the internal coordinate system of a map to real-world locations. The georeferencing process in QGIS involves enabling the Georeferencer GDAL plugin, opening a raster image, collecting ground control points by clicking points on the image and entering their coordinates, specifying transformation settings like resampling method, and starting the georeferencing which warps the image using the ground control points. When complete, the georeferenced layer is loaded into QGIS.
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
Vector & raster graphic
Vector and raster graphic file formats were discussed. Raster formats like JPEG, TIFF, PNG, RAW, GIF and BMP store images as a grid of pixels while vector formats like SVG, DXF, AI, CDR, HVIF and ODG store graphics as mathematical objects and geometrical primitives which allow for resolution independence and scalability. The document provided an overview of common graphic file formats.
Raster Vs. Vector Presentation1
Raster images are composed of pixels and do not scale well, as enlarging an image causes pixels to become visible and image quality to degrade. Vector images use mathematics to define objects as paths rather than pixels, allowing them to be scaled to any size without quality loss. Raster images are better for photos while vector images are better for logos and illustrations that may need resizing.
More Related Content
What's hot
Geo-spatial Analysis and Modelling
This document discusses spatial analysis and modeling in a geographical information system. It defines spatial analysis as gaining an understanding of patterns and processes underlying geographic features in order to make better decisions and understand phenomena. The document outlines four types of spatial analysis: spatial data manipulation, spatial data analysis, spatial statistical analysis, and spatial modeling. It also describes different vector and raster spatial analysis techniques, such as clipping, overlaying, buffering, and slope/aspect calculations. Spatial modeling is defined as using models to predict spatial outcomes and enable "what if" analyses.
GIS Data Types
An introduction to GIS Data Types. Strengths and weaknesses of raster and vector data are discussed. Also covered is the importance of topology. Concludes with a discussion of the vector-based format of OpenStreetMap data.
GIS data analysis
This document discusses GIS data analysis techniques including raster to vector conversion and spatial analysis through vector overlay. It provides information on various data types and models in GIS. Key analysis techniques covered are raster and vector data overlays, terrain mapping and analysis, and spatial interpolation methods. Specific vector and raster overlay methods like point-in-polygon, line-in-polygon and polygon-on-polygon are described. Spatial data editing techniques involving digitization errors and topological/non-topological editing are also summarized.
ppt spatial data
This document discusses two types of spatial data used in GIS - vector data and raster data. Vector data represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons using vertices with x, y, and z coordinates. It allows for accurate representation of shapes and storing of attribute data but requires more processing and storage. Raster data represents geographic information through a grid of cells (pixels), with each cell storing attribute values like elevation or temperature. It is better for continuously changing data but cannot represent linear features well and has increased storage needs at higher resolutions. Both data types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case.
Gis Geographical Information System Fundamentals
Gis, Geographical Information System Fundamentals. This presentation includes a complete detail of GIS and GIS Softwares. It will help students of GIS and Environmental Science.
Terminology and Basic Questions About GIS
This document provides an overview of key concepts in GIS including shapefiles, grids, rasters, vectors, DEM, TIN, coordinate systems, and common file formats. It discusses the differences between raster and vector data, and explains that shapefiles are commonly used to store vector data while grids are used for raster data. DEM and TIN are introduced as methods for representing elevation data. The document also covers projected and unprojected coordinate systems and provides examples of coordinate systems. Common file formats for both raster and vector data are listed.
Digitizing features_2 in ARC GIS
Digitizing in GIS is the process of converting geographic data either from a hardcopy or a scanned image into vector data by tracing the features. During the digitzing process, features from the traced map or image are captured as coordinates in either point, line, or polygon format.
Data input and transformation
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in civil engineering. It discusses key concepts like vector and raster data models, data coding, representation of geographic features as points, lines and areas, common vector data structures including topology and dual independent map encoding, and data compression techniques. The course will cover GIS software, spatial queries, analysis functions, and practice generating hydrological modeling inputs like digital elevation models and flow maps from terrain data.
GIS and Mapping Software Introduction
This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS) and mapping software. It discusses that GIS integrates spatial data by capturing, storing, analyzing, displaying, and outputting different layers of information. These layers can represent data as either raster images made of cells or vector features defined by points, lines, and polygons with associated attributes. The document recommends QGIS as open source software that is easy to learn and has an active user community for creating and analyzing maps.
Getting started with GIS
The basic intention of this presentation is to help the beginners in GIS to understand what GIS is? It is a simple presentation about GIS, i mean an introductory one. Hope anyone finds it useful.
Introduction and Application of GIS
This document provides an introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system designed to store, manipulate, analyze and display spatially referenced data. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software and data. Common GIS software includes desktop programs like ArcGIS and open-source options like QGIS. GIS can incorporate different types of spatial data like raster, vector and remote sensing data along with associated attribute tables. Example applications discussed are in hydrology, including watershed analysis and flood modeling.
Raster data model
The document discusses the raster data model. The key points are:
- Raster data is represented as a grid of cells (pixels) organized into rows and columns. Each cell contains a value representing information.
- Common raster data types include satellite imagery, digital elevation models, and scanned maps.
- Raster data has advantages for modeling and analysis but disadvantages for representing linear features and conforming to cartographic standards due to resolution issues.
Gis functions
This document discusses the key functions of a geographic information system (GIS). It explains that a GIS allows users to capture, store, query, analyze, display and output geographic data. It describes the vector and raster data models used to store spatial data. The document also outlines the three main views of a GIS - the geovisualization view which includes maps, the geodata view which is the spatial database, and the geoprocessing view which involves tools to transform and derive new information from existing datasets. Finally, it discusses some key concepts for GIS maps including layers, features, attributes, and scale.
GIS
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses the history of GIS, defines what GIS is, describes what types of geographical data are used in GIS, and outlines the key GIS processes of capture, manage, analyze and present. It also provides some examples of GIS applications such as crime mapping, hydrology and health services. The overall document provides a high-level introduction to what GIS is and how it works.
Raster data and Vector data
This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
Gis
This document discusses the history and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) with a focus on its use in public health. It provides background on GIS, describing it as a set of tools for collecting, storing, manipulating, and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS from early maps in the 1850s to the development of computer-based systems in the 1960s-1980s. It then discusses various uses of GIS in public health including disease mapping and surveillance, environmental health analysis, and health resource planning and accessibility analysis. Specific examples of GIS applications in Nepal are also mentioned.
Chap1 introduction to geographic information system (gis)
GIS is a tool that allows for the storage, manipulation, retrieval, analysis and display of spatially referenced data. It differs from automated cartography and CAD in that it adds analytical capabilities. A LIS is a type of GIS focused on land information systems at a large scale. The main components of a GIS are people, data (spatial and aspatial), hardware, and software. The internet has greatly impacted GIS by facilitating data sharing, online discussions, and access to web-based GIS applications.
A short introduction to GIS
This document provides a short introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It discusses the purposes of GIS, including using GIS to understand phenomena that have both geographic and temporal dimensions. It also describes how GIS allows users to enter, analyze, and present georeferenced data. The document outlines how GIS represents real world features through models like maps and databases and discusses spatial databases specifically. It positions GIS as existing at the intersection of geography and information science and technology.
PROCESS OF GEOREFERENCING IN QGIS
Georeferencing is the process of associating a map or aerial photo with geographic coordinates. It involves relating the internal coordinate system of a map to real-world locations. The georeferencing process in QGIS involves enabling the Georeferencer GDAL plugin, opening a raster image, collecting ground control points by clicking points on the image and entering their coordinates, specifying transformation settings like resampling method, and starting the georeferencing which warps the image using the ground control points. When complete, the georeferenced layer is loaded into QGIS.
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
A Gentle Introduction to GIS The nature of GIS: Some fundamental observations, Defining GIS, GISystems, GIScience and GIApplications, Spatial data and Geoinformation. The real world and representations of it: Models and modelling, Maps, Databases, Spatial databases and spatial analysis
What's hot (20)
Chap1 introduction to geographic information system (gis)
Chap1 introduction to geographic information system (gis)
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit I Chapter I- Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
Viewers also liked
Vector & raster graphic
Vector and raster graphic file formats were discussed. Raster formats like JPEG, TIFF, PNG, RAW, GIF and BMP store images as a grid of pixels while vector formats like SVG, DXF, AI, CDR, HVIF and ODG store graphics as mathematical objects and geometrical primitives which allow for resolution independence and scalability. The document provided an overview of common graphic file formats.
Raster Vs. Vector Presentation1
Raster images are composed of pixels and do not scale well, as enlarging an image causes pixels to become visible and image quality to degrade. Vector images use mathematics to define objects as paths rather than pixels, allowing them to be scaled to any size without quality loss. Raster images are better for photos while vector images are better for logos and illustrations that may need resizing.
Vectors
This document discusses key concepts related to vector quantities in physics:
1. A vector is represented by an arrow that shows both magnitude and direction, such as the velocity of an object.
2. Vector addition and subtraction can be done graphically by drawing vectors head-to-tail to find the resultant vector.
3. The Pythagorean theorem can be used to add perpendicular vectors numerically by treating them as components of the overall resultant vector.
Vector graphics and raster graphics
Vector graphics use mathematical formulas to represent lines and curves, allowing the images to be zoomed indefinitely without losing resolution. Raster graphics are composed of pixels that increase in size as the image enlarges, causing the image to lose resolution when enlarged. While raster graphics are suitable for single-use images, vector graphics are better for images like business cards and billboards that may be resized.
Raster and vector
Raster images are made up of pixels that can be seen when zoomed in. They are suitable for editing programs like Photoshop but cannot be enlarged without losing quality. Vector images use mathematical equations to define shapes as points and connections, allowing them to be resized without losing detail. Photoshop is a raster program while Illustrator uses vectors, though both can incorporate both types. Common file formats include JPG and PNG for raster, and AI, EPS and SVG for vectors.
Introduction to Vectors
This document provides an introduction to vectors, including:
- Vectors have both magnitude and direction, unlike scalars which only have magnitude.
- Vectors can be added and subtracted graphically by drawing them to scale and combining the tips and tails.
- The parallelogram method can be used to add vectors at any angle by forming a parallelogram.
- Vectors can also be broken into rectangular components and added or subtracted using their x and y components rather than graphically.
Vectors
Vectors can perform their functions in two main ways: transcription and expression. There are several types of vectors, including plasmids, which are small, self-replicating DNA molecules commonly used in molecular cloning. Plasmids are important tools in genetic engineering as they can be easily manipulated and transformed into bacteria to generate multiple copies of recombinant DNA. Common plasmid vectors include transcription vectors, which amplify DNA sequences without expressing proteins, and expression vectors, which are used to express foreign genes in cells.
Vectors
This document discusses various types of vectors used for cloning, including bacteriophage vectors, plasmid vectors, cosmid vectors, bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), and shuttle vectors. Key points include:
- Bacteriophage derivatives like lambda phage are suitable for cloning large eukaryotic DNA due to abilities like packaging millions of clones and size selection of DNA.
- Phage-based vectors can be insertional, containing a single cloning site, or replacement vectors with two cloning sites allowing DNA substitution.
- Cosmids are hybrid phage-plasmid vectors that can package DNA up to 48 kb into phage particles.
- Y
functions of GIS
The document outlines the 5 main functions of a Geographic Information System (GIS):
1) Data capture, which involves manually digitizing maps and aerial photos or scanning existing data.
2) Data compilation by relating spatial features to attributes and cleaning errors.
3) Data storage using data models like raster and vector to simplify data for efficient computer storage.
4) Data manipulation using toolkits for tasks like overlaying maps and reclassifying data.
5) Spatial analysis, which is the core of GIS and uses spatial and attribute data to answer questions about real world processes and trends.
Raster data model
The raster data model divides a geographic area into a grid of cells or pixels that represent attribute values. Each cell has a specific resolution depending on the real world area it represents. Common types of raster data include satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), digital orthophotos, scanned maps, and graphic files. Raster data is stored using different structures like cell-by-cell encoding, run-length encoding, and quadtree encoding to reduce storage requirements. Raster data can be projected and integrated with vector data for analysis and display in GIS.
Tours les jours2
The document discusses different materials that can be joined together such as glass and bricks, glass and concrete, marble and concrete, wood and bricks, and various metals. It also mentions uses for materials like marble, wood, metal, and wire, as well as references a mood board.
Chemical bonding
This document summarizes the different types of chemical bonding: ionic bonding occurs between oppositely charged ions and is electrostatic in nature; covalent bonding involves sharing electrons between atoms and can range from partially ionic to completely covalent; metallic bonding is characterized by positive ions floating in a "sea" of delocalized electrons allowing metals to conduct electricity; van der Waals bonding is the weakest type and only present between inert gases due to induced dipole interactions. The document also discusses the different arrangements of spheres to model ion packing in cubic close, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close packing of metals.
raster data model
The document discusses raster data models in GIS. Raster data models represent geographic space as a grid of cells or pixels, with each cell storing numeric values representing attributes like elevation. Key points:
- Raster models use a grid-based structure of rows and columns to store imagery and represent continuous surfaces.
- Each cell holds a value like elevation and has a defined spatial resolution (size).
- Raster data is used for things like satellite imagery, elevation maps, and representing variables that vary continuously over space.
Spatial Data Model
The document discusses different types of spatial data used in geographic information systems (GIS). It describes vector data, which represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons, and raster data, which divides the landscape into a grid of cells. It outlines some common vector data formats like shapefiles, coverages, and geodatabases, and raster formats like grids and digital elevation models. It provides details on how vector data structures represent points, lines, polygons, and their topological relationships in ArcGIS.
GIS & Raster
This document provides an overview of GIS, raster data formats, and spatial analysis tools. It defines GIS as an automated system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data linked to tabular data on maps. Raster data represents real-world phenomena through a matrix of cells, with each cell storing a value like elevation or satellite imagery. Spatial analysis tools in GIS like Euclidean distance and point density perform cell-based raster analyses, calculating distances from raster cells to points or densities of points within neighborhoods.
Rastar Capabilities
Rastar is an automotive marketing firm located in Salt Lake City with over 350 employees and $39 million in annual revenue. They have over 16 years of experience in automotive marketing and specialized capabilities including database management, creative services, variable digital printing, fulfillment solutions, and reporting. Rastar helps clients acquire, retain and convert customers through dynamic lead treatment models and one-to-one communication programs.
Bb geodatabase
A geodatabase is a data model that supports transactional views of geographic data in a database. It provides a physical data structure for spatial and attribute data within a database management system. There are two main types: personal geodatabases used for individual projects and multiuser geodatabases for enterprise-level implementation. A geodatabase allows for centralized management of geographic information, advanced data types, multiuser editing, and integrated spatial and attribute data.
About rastar games, v1.8
Rastar Games is a global mobile and browser game developer and publisher headquartered in Guangzhou, China. It was founded in 2010 and owns 8 game studios developing immersive games of various styles. Rastar Games has developed and published over 70 games, has an annual turnover of over 1.13 billion RMB, and is a premier developer partner of Tencent. It focuses on developing mobile, browser, and IP-based games and partners with global publishers for worldwide distribution.
datamodel_vector
GIS data models define real-world phenomena in a way that computers can interpret and analyze. There are two main data models: vector and raster. Vector data models use points, lines, and polygons defined by x,y coordinates to represent discrete geographic features. Raster data models use a grid of cells or pixels to represent continuous surfaces like elevation or rainfall. Scale affects how spatial entities are represented as points, lines, or polygons in a vector data model. Common vector data formats include shapefiles, coverages, and digital line graphs.
Spatial databases
This document discusses spatial databases and spatial data mining. It introduces spatial databases as databases that store large amounts of space-related data with special data types for spatial information. Spatial data mining extracts patterns and relationships from spatial data. The document also discusses spatial data warehousing with dimensions and measures for spatial and non-spatial data, mining spatial association patterns from spatial databases, techniques for spatial clustering, classification, and trend analysis.
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to Vectors and Rasters
28d37b_L3 GIS.pdf
Raster data represents geographic information in a grid format of cells or pixels, where each cell contains a value. Vector data represents geographic features as points, lines, and polygons with x,y coordinates. The key differences are that raster data focuses on location rather than features, represents data as generalized cells, and is better for images and modeling, while vector data focuses on features, represents data as discrete objects, and is better for accuracy and topology. The appropriate model depends on the type of data, analysis needs, and required accuracy or detail.
Raster data model
The document discusses the raster data model used in geographic information systems (GIS). It defines raster data as consisting of a matrix of grids made up of rows, columns, and cells that can each store a single value. Common examples of raster data include satellite imagery, digital elevation models, and scanned maps. Raster data has advantages for modeling continuous geographic variation and works well with raster output devices, but has limitations representing discrete features and may lose detail during conversion from vector data. Popular raster file formats include TIFF, JPEG, and GIF.
Data models in geographical information system(GIS)
The document provides an overview of key concepts in geographic information systems (GIS) including common data models. It discusses the two main data models - raster and vector - explaining their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers triangulated irregular network (TIN) models and digital elevation models (DEMs) which are other important data representations in GIS. The document concludes that raster and vector are the basic GIS data models and explores their differences and various modeling approaches.
belajar dasar geospatial sistem informasi geografi
materi pebelajaran kelas sig untuk mahasiswa uniska banjarbaru
Geoinformatics.pptx
Spatial data can be represented using either a raster or vector data model. The raster model divides space into a grid of cells, with each cell storing an attribute value. The vector model represents features as points, lines, and polygons made up of x,y coordinates. Common spatial data structures include raster grids for storing raster data and point dictionaries and topological networks for vector data. The two models have different strengths, with raster better for overlays and modeling surfaces, and vector more accurate for features and cartography.
Spatial data for GIS
Also known as geospatial data or geographic information it is the data or information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on Earth, such as natural or constructed features, oceans, and more. Spatial data is usually stored as coordinates and topology, and is data that can be mapped.
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit II Chapter I Data Management and Processing Systems
This document discusses geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as hardware and software used to process, store, and transfer geographic data. It describes how GIS has evolved from using analog data and manual processing to increased use of digital data, computers, and software. It also discusses key GIS concepts like spatial data capture and analysis, data storage and management, and data presentation.
UG6thSem_major_GIS Data Structures.pptx DR P DAS.1.pptx
This document discusses different types of spatial data and data structures used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It describes how geographical features can be represented digitally using spatial data that indicates location and attribute data that specifies characteristics. Spatial data can be stored using vector data models with discrete features or raster data models with continuous cell values. Common data types include points, lines, polygons, and raster grids. The key aspects covered are vector versus raster data structures, and the use of digital elevation models (DEMs) and triangulated irregular networks (TINs) to represent terrain surfaces.
Srds Pres011120
http://capitawiki.wustl.edu/index.php/20041113_Supersite_Relational_Database_Project:_%28Data_Portal%3F%29
2004-11-13 Supersite Relational Database Project: (Data Portal?)
The document discusses the design of a relational database system called the Supersite Relational Data System (SRDS) that would integrate air quality monitoring data from multiple Supersite projects and auxiliary datasets for cross-site analysis. It proposes using a star schema with dimensions for time, location, parameter, and method to facilitate querying and comparisons across different monitoring sites and projects. The schema would be extended as needed based on user requirements and consensus-building within the Supersite working groups.
microclimate
This document discusses spatial data, attributes data, vector and raster data models, and their advantages and disadvantages. It defines points, lines, polygons, and tabular data as the basic spatial data objects in a GIS environment. It also discusses microclimates and how tall buildings and urban areas can create their own microclimates. Finally, it summarizes potential disadvantages of using GIS in government settings including high upfront data costs and a limited number of GIS experts.
Raster data ppt
This document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of raster data. Raster data represents geographic information in a grid of cells, with each cell containing a value. The main advantages are simple data structure, easy overlay of maps and images, simple simulation, and ability to represent continuous surfaces. However, disadvantages include crude appearance, difficulty representing linear features, spatial inaccuracies due to cell size, large file sizes, and loss of precision from restricting data to grid cells.
Vector data model
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The key vector data models are the spaghetti model, which encodes features as strings of coordinates, and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model, which creates a network of triangles connecting points. Vector models allow for discrete boundaries but complex algorithms, while raster models divide space into a grid but are simpler.
Vector data model
The document discusses vector data models in GIS. Vector data models represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. The two main types of vector data models are the spaghetti model and the TIN (triangulated irregular network) model. The spaghetti model stores vector data as strings of coordinate pairs without any topological relationships, while the TIN model creates a network of triangles to store topological relationships between features. Vector data models are useful for storing data with discrete boundaries but are more complex for analysis compared to raster data models.
Visualization Proess
Process and steps that are followed in creation of successful visualization. Taking an example of Encyclopaedia of life data and tableu visualization prototype
33286 gis%20 lecture%20six-1
This document discusses raster and vector data models. It provides details on the raster data model including that it uses a grid structure with cells that can each hold a value. Features are represented by single cells for points, sequences of cells for lines, and collections of cells for areas. The document also discusses raster coding methods like presence/absence and dominant area, types of raster data like DEMs and DOQs, raster data structures including cell-by-cell and run length encoding, and the storage space versus resolution tradeoff of rasters.
Raster gis assignment help
This document discusses key concepts in raster GIS including:
- Raster representation involves organizing geographic data into a grid of equally-sized cells.
- Raster data can be discrete/categorical with data classified into different land cover types or continuous, storing surfaces like elevation as unique values.
- Rasters can have multiple bands of data and discrete rasters can include attribute tables.
- Resolution refers to the size of grid cells, with higher resolution meaning smaller cells and more detail but larger file sizes.
- Mixed pixels can occur along feature edges where a cell value averages multiple land cover types.
Spatial Data Model 2
This lecture discusses different data models used in geographic information systems (GIS), including the relational database management system (RDBMS) model, network model, hierarchical data model, and object-oriented data model. It also covers topics like data quality, accuracy, precision, and sources of error in spatial data. The key aspects of different data models like relationships, flexibility, and advantages/disadvantages are explained through examples.
Godiva2 Overview
This document discusses using an enhanced Web Map Service (WMS) to visualize four-dimensional environmental data on the web. It describes the Godiva2 system, which allows interactive exploration of geospatial raster datasets through a web interface. Godiva2 enhances the standard WMS by adding extra metadata and visualization methods for scientific data like time series plots. It provides a way to visualize large and complex environmental modeling outputs.
THE NATURE AND SOURCE OF GEOGRAPHIC DATA
The document discusses various topics related to geographic data, including data formats, data capture, and data management. It describes the differences between raster and vector data formats and when each is generally used. It outlines methods for primary and secondary geographic data capture, including remote sensing, surveying, scanning, and digitizing. It also covers managing data capture projects, data editing, data conversion between formats, and linking geographic data.
Similar to Vectors and Rasters (20)
Data models in geographical information system(GIS)
Data models in geographical information system(GIS)
belajar dasar geospatial sistem informasi geografi
belajar dasar geospatial sistem informasi geografi
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit II Chapter I Data Management and Processing Systems
TYBSC IT PGIS Unit II Chapter I Data Management and Processing Systems
UG6thSem_major_GIS Data Structures.pptx DR P DAS.1.pptx
UG6thSem_major_GIS Data Structures.pptx DR P DAS.1.pptx
2004-11-13 Supersite Relational Database Project: (Data Portal?)
2004-11-13 Supersite Relational Database Project: (Data Portal?)
More from Jessica Meyer
How to find a missing layer in ArcMap
To fix a missing layer in ArcMap 10, right click on the layer to open its properties menu. Select the source tab and click set data source to navigate to the folder containing the shapefile that matches the layer name. Select the shapefile, click add, then apply and OK to update the data source. The missing layer icon will be replaced, and checking the box will display the layer on the map. Repeat for any other missing layers.
Important GIS Vocabulary
The document defines important GIS vocabulary related to vector and raster data models, including concepts like features, attributes, reclassification, buffers, and resolution. It provides definitions and examples of terms and encourages practicing with vocabulary games found on a provided website.
Introduction to ArcCatalog and ArcMap
This document provides instructions for using ArcCatalog and ArcMap software. It details how to connect to file folders in ArcCatalog to access project data, then add shapefile data layers from that folder to an ArcMap project for display and analysis.
GIS for NGOs
GIS can be used by NGOs for conservation projects, community development, and infrastructure planning. Some examples described are using GIS to map bat populations threatened by white-nose syndrome, assess land prioritization for conservation, and create trail maps. GIS was also used to design a water system for villages in Laos and engage youth in neighborhood mapping to improve their community.
GIS 9
This document provides instructions for navigating and interacting with a game interface using a ROCKER key. It explains that the ROCKER key can be used to select on-screen buttons and fields, and move a highlighted area on the screen. When viewing long lists, a scroll bar will appear to move through the items.
Adding waypoints to Arc Map
The document provides instructions for adding waypoints collected with a GPS unit to an ArcMap project. It involves:
1) Downloading waypoints from the GPS unit to Garmin MapSource software and editing the waypoint properties.
2) Importing the waypoints into DNR Garmin software and saving them as a text file.
3) Opening the text file in ArcMap, exporting it as a layer, and removing the original event layer. The waypoints can then be viewed as a new layer in the ArcMap project.
Report for Institutions EN
The document summarizes a study conducted by Volunteer Ecology Kratovo (VEK) to map illegal dumpsites in Kratovo, Macedonia using GPS and GIS technology. VEK identified 7 main dumpsites totaling over 18,000 square meters. The largest dumpsite was in Stara Musala at 4,993 square meters. Photos documented garbage accumulation in rivers, including plastic waste at Karshi Bavcha Park that threatens to pollute the water supply. The study aims to inform the public of the health and environmental impacts of littering.
How illegal dumping affects you
The document summarizes the findings of an organization that investigated illegal dumpsites around the town of Kratovo. They identified 7 major dumpsites totaling over 15,000 square meters. The dumpsites negatively impact the local environment and health. The organization recommends citizens properly dispose of waste in dumpsters and recycling bins to avoid pollution and related diseases.
Leaflet Macedonian
Лифлетот е производ од Проектот „Собирање на факти, информирање на граѓани“, финансиран од UNDP “Sustainable Mining Clean Up and Pollution Management in Bucim and Lojane Mines”.
Leaflet English
This document summarizes a project to clean up and manage pollution from illegal dumping sites in Kratovo, Macedonia. The project was supported by UNDP and identified 7 illegal dumping sites totaling over 20,000 square meters near rivers and bridges. Plastic garbage takes hundreds of years to decompose and releases dangerous chemicals that can cause health issues like cancer. The project aims to educate citizens on proper waste disposal to reduce pollution and protect public health.
GIS #8
This document provides information about the keys and their functions on a Garmin eTrex Vista H handheld GPS navigator. It describes what each key does, including the POWER, QUIT/PAGE, IN/OUT zoom, MENU/FIND, and ROCKER keys. It also explains how to turn the unit on and off, light up the screen, change pages, zoom the map, navigate menus and lists, and mark a waypoint. Additionally, it describes the process of finding satellites and checking satellite reception.
GIS #7
This document provides an overview of how ArcEditor GIS software will be used for an environmental systems project. ArcEditor allows users to view and edit spatial data, create maps with multiple layers, and perform mid-level spatial analysis. For this project, ArcEditor will be used to create layers of photographs, roads, rivers, and GPS data, and to perform spatial analysis relating all collected field data. ArcCatalog and ArcMap are the key applications that will be used. ArcCatalog helps manage geographic data and create geodatabases, while ArcMap allows editing data, exploring maps, and creating map layouts for printing.
Gis 4
The document discusses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). It states that GIS combines geography, information, and systems to store and analyze vast amounts of data and connect computers, data, and users to display information about the Earth. GPS similarly combines global, position, and systems to determine the latitude, longitude, and altitude of locations on a global scale using satellites.
GIS #1
This document provides an introduction to geographic information systems (GIS) and defines several key related terms. It states that GIS stands for geographic information system, with geographic information science being another name. GIS is defined as a computer information system. The company ESRI, which stands for Environmental Systems Research Institute, makes the ArcGIS Arc Editor intermediate-level GIS being used. GPS is defined as standing for global positioning system and being a navigation and positioning system, with a GPS unit being an electronic receiver of satellite signals about location. Garmin is stated to be the company that makes their GPS units.