This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses the history of GIS, defines what GIS is, describes what types of geographical data are used in GIS, and outlines the key GIS processes of capture, manage, analyze and present. It also provides some examples of GIS applications such as crime mapping, hydrology and health services. The overall document provides a high-level introduction to what GIS is and how it works.

1. G SThe World is Yours
Created By Ahmed El Atari
Geographical
nformation
System

2. Plan
Introduction
I. History of GIS
II. What is GIS ?
III. What is Geographical Data ?
IV. GIS Process
1. Capture
2. Manage
3. Analyze
4. Present
V. GIS Applications
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Big Bang
Ancient Human
Travel

4. Map

5. History of GIS
1832
deaths by cholera per 1,000 inhabitants
Charles Picquet
Color Gradient Map
“ France ”

6. History of GIS
John Snow
“ London”
Geographic methodology in epidemiology
1854

7. History of GIS
Water
Vegetation
Elevation
Structures

8. History of GIS
Plastic film

9. History of GIS
Roger Tomlinson
1960
Ottawa , Canada

10. Geographic information system ( G.I.S )
Geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical
data.
The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or
geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of
working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the
broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics.,
Capture
Analyze Manage Present
Geographical data

11. Geographical data
Generally speaking, spatial data represents the location, size and shape of an
object on planet Earth.
Spatial data may also include attributes that provide more information about the
entity that is being represented.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or other specialized software applications
can be used to access, visualize, manipulate and analyze geospatial data.

12. Geographical data

13. Location / Position
Height
Size / Dimension
Shape
Geographical data

14. Floors / Rooms
The Name of the residence
Number of inhabitants
Geographical data

15. GIS Process
CAPTURE ANALYZE MANAGE PRESENT

16. Step 1 : Capture
Global Positioning System (G.P.S)

17. Step 1 : Capture
Digitalize & Georeferencing

18. Step 1 : Capture
Remote Sensing
Active
Passive

19. Step 1 : Capture
Photogrammetric Techniques

20. Step 2 : Analyze
Slope and aspect Address geocoding

21. Step 2 : Analyze
Examples :
ArcGis Quantum GIS MapInfo

22. Step 3 : Manage
DataBases

23. Step 3 : Manage
Examples :
PostGis MySql Oracle

24. Step 4 : Present
Printed Maps Dynamic or Interactive Maps

25. GIS Applications

26. GIS Applications
Crime mapping

27. GIS Applications
Hydrology

28. GIS Applications
Health Services

29. Conclusion

30. Thanks for Watching