The document discusses various types of data analysis, including univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. It explains descriptive analysis, which summarizes sample data, and inferential analysis, which makes generalizations about a population based on sample results. Additionally, it highlights measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as methods for analyzing bivariate data such as cross tabulation and correlation coefficients.

1. UNIVARIATE & BIVARIATE
ANALYSIS

2. UNIVARIATE BIVARIATE &
MULTIVARIATE
UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-One variable analysed at a time
BIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-Two variable analysed at a time
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
-More than two variables analysed at a time

3. TYPES OF ANALYSIS
•DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
•INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS

4. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
Transformation of raw data
Facilitate easy understanding and interpretation
Deals with summary measures relating to sample data
Eg-what is the average age of the sample?

5. INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
Carried out after descriptive analysis
Inferences drawn on population parameters based on
sample results
Generalizes results to the population based on sample
results
Eg-is the average age of population different from 35?

6. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF
UNIVARIATE DATA
1. Prepare frequency distribution of each variable

7. Missing Data
Situation where certain questions are left unanswered

8. Analysis of multiple responses

9. Measures of central tendency
3 measures of central tendency
1.Mean
2.Median
3.Mode

10. MEAN
Arithmetic average of a variable
Appropriate for interval and ratio scale data
x

11. MEDIAN
Calculates the middle value of the data
Computed for ratio, interval or ordinal scale.
Data needs to be arranged in ascending or descending order

12. MODE
Point of maximum frequency
Should not be computed for ordinal or interval data
unless grouped.
Widely used in business

13. MEASURE OF DISPERSION
Measures of central tendency do not explain distribution
of variables
4 measures of dispersion
1.Range
2.Variance and standard deviation
3.Coefficient of variation
4.Relative and absolute frequencies

14. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF
BIVARIATE DATA
There are three types of measure used.
1.Cross tabulation
2.Spearmans rank correlation coefficient
3.Pearsons linear correlation coefficient

15. Cross Tabulation
Responses of two questions are combined

16. Spearman’s rank order
correlation coefficient.
Used in case of ordinal data