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Population vs sample

This document discusses population and sampling concepts for research. It defines a population as the complete set of people or objects with a common characteristic of interest. The target population is the entire group the researcher wishes to generalize to, while the accessible population includes cases that meet criteria and are available. A sample is a representative subset of the target population selected using sampling principles like random selection and large sample sizes to make inferences about the population. The key difference between a population and sample is that a population includes all elements while a sample is a subset used to study characteristics of the larger population.

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Made by – Arushe Rautan POPULATION AND SAMPLING CONTENT • Population • Target population • Accessible population • Sample • Principles of sampling • Difference between population and sample
POPULATION  “A population is a complete set of persons or objects that possess some common characteristics that is of interest to the researcher.”  The population for a study usually is described as being composed of two groups-  Target population  Accessible population
TARGET POPULATION  The target population which is also called the universe is composed of the entire group of people or objects to which the researcher wishes to generalize the findings of the study.  The target population consists of people or things that meet the designated set of criteria of interest to the researcher. ACCESSIBLE POPULATION  It is aggregate of cases that confirm to designated criteria and are also accessible as subjects for study.  By identifying the group from which the study sample was chosen, the investigator about the conclusion of the generalize ability of research findings.
SAMPLE  Sample may be defined as representative unit of target population which is to be worked upon by researchers during their study.  Quantitative researchers often select samples that will allow them to achieve stating conclusion validity and generalize their result. They therefore develop a sampling plan that specifies in advance how study participants are to selected and how many to include.  Qualitative researchers make sampling decision during the course of data collection based on information & theoretical need & typically do not develop a formal sampling plan in advance.
PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING  1) Principle or Law of statistical regularity: this law is based upon mathematical theory of probability. It is based upon the following two conditions  i) Large sample size: as the sample size increases, the true characteristics of the population are more likely to reveal.  ii) Random selection: the sample should be selected randomly in which each and every unit of the universe has an equal chance of being selected.  2) Principle of inertia of large numbers: – it is based upon the concept that as the sample size increases the better results we will get. For example if we have to study the weight of the students studying in a college then fairly adequate sample of the students help us to arrive at good results.
CONTD..  3) Principle of validity: – if valid tests are derived only then sampling design is termed as valid.  4) Principle of optimization: – this principle states that with the help of sample one must be able to get optimum results with maximum efficiency and minimum cost.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SAMPLE AND POPULATION 1)Population- refers to the collection of all elements possessing common characteristics, that comprises universe. Sample- means a subgroup of the members of population chosen for participation in the study. 2) Population- Each and every unit of the group. Sample- only a handful of units of population. 3) Population- it focus on identifying the characteristics. Sample- it focus on making inferences about population. 4) Population- data collection is complete enumeration/census.
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