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Unit 3.C. The circulatory
system
Index
Composition of the Circulatory System
2. Blood Circulation
3. The Working of the Heart
4. Some Illnesses of the Circulatory System
1.
1. Composition of the Circulatory System
The human circulatory system
consists of:
1.1 Blood vessels
1.2 Heart
1.3 Blood
1.1 Blood Vessels
Caracteristics of Blood Vessels
Arteries
have thick walls,
 no valves and
 carry blood away
from the heart


Capillaries



link arteries to veins.
Their wall is only one cell thick
and this allows substances to
pass into and out of the blood.

Veins
• have thin walls,
• valves, and
• carry blood to the heart

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA  Types of blood vessels
1.2 Parts of the Heart




It is a pump that pushes the blood into the arteries.
Is made of cardiac muscle, a special kind of muscle that never
tires.
Is divided into two sides by a wall called the septum.
It has got four chambers:

 Atria: the two upper
chambers (singular:
atrium). They have thin
walls. They pump blood to
the ventricles.
 Ventricles: the two lower
chambers. They pump
blood out of the heart.
 right ventricle, with
thin wall, pumps the
blood to the lungs .
 left ventricle, with
thicker and stronger
wall, pumps the blood
to the body.
Valves

Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve or mitral valve,
between atria and ventricles.
Semilunar valves (aortic valve and pulmonary
valve) between ventricles and arteries.

Valves
prevent the
backflow of
blood.
http://vimeo.com/5588613 ==> valves working
THE HEART
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg  Cardiac Cycle, systole and diastole
1.3 The Blood
Every person has 4 to 5 litres of blood on average.
 55% of the blood is plasma
 45% consists of blood cells and platelets.

(leukocytes)

 They defend the body from infection
 coagulation

(erythrocytes)
Composition
of Blood

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRh_dAzXuoU  blood cells
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD


Transport of:





Nutrients
Waste products
Hormones
Oxygen and carbon dioxide



Keeping the normal temperature
of the body



Defence against disease
2. Blood circulation
Blood circulation in human being is double

and complete

It has two circuits (general and pulmonary)

The blood in the veins never mixes
with the blood in the arteries
3. The working of the heart
The movement of blood through the heart
1. Blood from the body enters the right atrium through the vena cava.

The atria contract, the blood is pushed through the tricuspid
valve, into the right ventricle.
2. When the right ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through the
semilunar valve into the pulmonary arteries.
3. Blood goes to the lungs.
In the lungs, the blood collects up oxygen and gets rid of its carbon
dioxide.
4. It then comes back to the heart in the pulmonary vein which enters the
left atrium.
When the atria contract, the blood is pushed through the bicuspid o
mitral valve into the left ventricle.
5. The ventricles contract and this pushes the blood through the semilunar
valve to the main artery of the body, aorta.
6. Blood is pushed out to all around the body.
The stages of heartbeat (cardiac cycle)



Diastole: heart chambers relax.
Systole: heart chambers contract.
Heartbeat
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg
4. Some illnesses of the circulatory system
Arteriosclerosis
Accumulation of substances (fats, calcium…) in the arteries, which causes them
to narrow and restricts the blood flow.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRK7-DCDKEA  atherosclerosis
(a common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form a deposit of plaque on the inner lining ofarterial walls)
Thrombosis
Blood clots formed in a blood vessel. It is especially dangerous in the brain
or in the heart

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxY4BphpGqo  Thrombosis
Heart attack and angina
Arteries which carry blood to the cardiac cells

Angina: narrowing or partial obstruction of the coronary arteries.
Heart attack: total obstruction of the coronary arteries

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Unit3 nutritionalprocesscirculatory

  • 1. Unit 3.C. The circulatory system
  • 2. Index Composition of the Circulatory System 2. Blood Circulation 3. The Working of the Heart 4. Some Illnesses of the Circulatory System 1.
  • 3. 1. Composition of the Circulatory System The human circulatory system consists of: 1.1 Blood vessels 1.2 Heart 1.3 Blood
  • 5. Caracteristics of Blood Vessels Arteries have thick walls,  no valves and  carry blood away from the heart  Capillaries   link arteries to veins. Their wall is only one cell thick and this allows substances to pass into and out of the blood. Veins • have thin walls, • valves, and • carry blood to the heart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA  Types of blood vessels
  • 6. 1.2 Parts of the Heart    It is a pump that pushes the blood into the arteries. Is made of cardiac muscle, a special kind of muscle that never tires. Is divided into two sides by a wall called the septum.
  • 7. It has got four chambers:  Atria: the two upper chambers (singular: atrium). They have thin walls. They pump blood to the ventricles.  Ventricles: the two lower chambers. They pump blood out of the heart.  right ventricle, with thin wall, pumps the blood to the lungs .  left ventricle, with thicker and stronger wall, pumps the blood to the body.
  • 8. Valves Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve or mitral valve, between atria and ventricles. Semilunar valves (aortic valve and pulmonary valve) between ventricles and arteries. Valves prevent the backflow of blood. http://vimeo.com/5588613 ==> valves working
  • 11. 1.3 The Blood Every person has 4 to 5 litres of blood on average.  55% of the blood is plasma  45% consists of blood cells and platelets. (leukocytes)  They defend the body from infection  coagulation (erythrocytes)
  • 13. FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD  Transport of:     Nutrients Waste products Hormones Oxygen and carbon dioxide  Keeping the normal temperature of the body  Defence against disease
  • 14. 2. Blood circulation Blood circulation in human being is double and complete It has two circuits (general and pulmonary) The blood in the veins never mixes with the blood in the arteries
  • 15. 3. The working of the heart
  • 16. The movement of blood through the heart 1. Blood from the body enters the right atrium through the vena cava. The atria contract, the blood is pushed through the tricuspid valve, into the right ventricle. 2. When the right ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through the semilunar valve into the pulmonary arteries. 3. Blood goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood collects up oxygen and gets rid of its carbon dioxide. 4. It then comes back to the heart in the pulmonary vein which enters the left atrium. When the atria contract, the blood is pushed through the bicuspid o mitral valve into the left ventricle. 5. The ventricles contract and this pushes the blood through the semilunar valve to the main artery of the body, aorta. 6. Blood is pushed out to all around the body.
  • 17. The stages of heartbeat (cardiac cycle)   Diastole: heart chambers relax. Systole: heart chambers contract.
  • 20. 4. Some illnesses of the circulatory system Arteriosclerosis Accumulation of substances (fats, calcium…) in the arteries, which causes them to narrow and restricts the blood flow. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRK7-DCDKEA  atherosclerosis (a common form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances form a deposit of plaque on the inner lining ofarterial walls)
  • 21. Thrombosis Blood clots formed in a blood vessel. It is especially dangerous in the brain or in the heart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxY4BphpGqo  Thrombosis
  • 22. Heart attack and angina Arteries which carry blood to the cardiac cells Angina: narrowing or partial obstruction of the coronary arteries. Heart attack: total obstruction of the coronary arteries