The document discusses excretion and the urinary system. It describes the key excretory organs - skin, lungs, and kidneys - and their roles in removing waste from the body. It focuses on the structure and functions of the kidneys, including their role in filtering waste from the blood and regulating water and chemical balance. Maintaining kidney health is important to prevent damage, and options like dialysis exist for kidney failure patients.

1. Excretion
• Excretory organs and excretory products
• The importance of excretion
• Urinary system in human
• Function of kidney
• The importance of maintaining healthy kidney
• Excretion in plants

2. Human excretion
 Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste product from the body.
 Metabolism – chemicals reaction in the body
 Take in oxygen, digested food
 Remove - _______, __________, _______

3. Excretory organs
 Excretory organs – remove waste products from the body
 3 excretory organs and its waste products:
 Skin: ________, ________, __________
 Lung:________, ________
 Kidney:________, ________, __________

4. The importance of excretion
 To maintain healthy body
 Become toxic when (urea) accumulate in the body
 Become ill – some organs will damage
 Can be death
 Higher concentration of carbon dioxide can increase breathing rate

5. The Urinary System in Man

6. Structure of The Kidney

8. Functions of The Kidney
 Kidney filter wastes from the blood
 Regulate water and chemical balance in the body

10. GFR - Glomerular filtration rate
 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how
well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how
much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute.
Glomeruli are the tiny filters in the kidneys that filter waste
from the blood.
 The GFR test is recommended for people with chronic kidney
disease. It is also recommended for persons who may get
kidney disease due to:
 Diabetes
 Family history of kidney disease
 Frequent urinary tract infections
 Heart disease
 High blood pressure
 Urinary blockage

12. IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING HEALTHY
KIDNEY
 To prevent kidney from damage
 Food with too much chemicals (mercury, lead, arsenic) can damage the
kidney
 Too salty ( cause hypertension – lead to kidney stones) or too sweet (can
cause diabetes) food also can damage kidney
 Ways to improve kidney : drinks 8 glasses of water per day, regular exercise
 Kidney failure: dialysis or kidney transplant.

13. Dialysis
 Dialysis – blood is filter through an artificial membrane (separate particles of
different sizes)
 Two types of dialysis:
 haemodialysis,
 protoneal dialysis