The Human Blood Circulatory system
Humans and other vertebrates have a closed blood circulatory system:
This system consists of
the heart (pump),
series of blood vessels
the blood that flows through them.
This means that circulating blood is pumped through a system of vessels.
Functions of Human Blood Circulatory System
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3 nutrients
4. water
5. ions
6. hormones
7. antibodies
8. metabolic wastes
An 8th grade lesson introductory lesson on the circulatory system ... in addition to the powerpoint I had the students take their pulse at rest at the beginning of class and then again during the middle of class after having them run in place for 30 seconds
An 8th grade lesson introductory lesson on the circulatory system ... in addition to the powerpoint I had the students take their pulse at rest at the beginning of class and then again during the middle of class after having them run in place for 30 seconds
Circulation BloodVessels Heart Blood Diseases Circulatory System
2. Overview of Circulation Pulmonary circulation: blood flow between the heart and lungs Systemic circulation: blood flow from heart to rest of the body Cardiac circulation: blood flow within the heart
1 GNM - Anatomy unit - 4 - CVS by thirumurugan.pptxthiru murugan
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit – IV:
Heart : Structure, functions including conduction system & cardiac cycle
Blood vessels : Types, Structure and position
Circulation of blood
Blood pressure and pulse
Heart
The circulatory system:
It consisting of blood, blood vessels, and heart.
This supplies oxygen and other nutrients,
Transports hormones
Removes unnecessary waste products.
Heart and its Structure
The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a fist,
located in mediastinum just behind and slightly left of the breastbone (sternum).
The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels (arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system).
Structure of heart:
Layers of the heart (3)
Chambers of the heart (4)
Valves of the heart (4)
Blood vessels of the heart (5)
3 layers of the heart:
Epicardium/pericardium: outer protective layer of the heart. Visceral and parietal (pericardial fluid). Protection for the heart and big vessels and prevent collapse of heart,
Myocardium: muscular middle layer wall of the heart. Responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body.
Endocardium: the inner layer of the heart. Regulate blood flow through the chambers of the heart and pass the electrical impulses
Chambers of the heart:
The atria: These are the 2 upper chambers, which receive blood. RA / LA
The ventricles: These are the 2 lower chambers, which discharge blood. RV/ LV
A wall of tissue called the septum separates the left and right atria called atrial septum and the left and right ventricle called ventricular septum.
Valves in the heart:
There are four valves
Two-atrio ventricular valves: The 2 types: bicuspid (mitral) - LA & LV, and tricuspid valves - RA & RV.
Two-semilunar valves: The aortic valves and the pulmonary valve.
Major blood vessels of the heart
There are 5 major blood vessels
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta[artery]
Inferior vena cava [IVC] veins
Superior vena cava [SVC] veins
Functions of heart:
Pumping oxygenated blood to the body parts.
Pumping nutrients and other vital substances
Receiving deoxygenated blood and carrying metabolic waste products from the body
Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Maintaining blood pressure.
Conduction system
The electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate.
This system generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood.
The electrical pulses determine the order in which the chambers contract & the heart rate
Conductive system consist of:
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of his or His Bundles – bundle of branches
( right and left)
4. Purkinje fibres
Sinoatrial node (SA) : also known as the pace maker of the heart and Located in the upper wall of the right atrium
Made up of both muscle and nervous tissue
Here the electrical impulse begins
Atrioventricular (AV) node:
located between the atria and ventricles of the heart
The electrical impulse is carried fr
Circulation BloodVessels Heart Blood Diseases Circulatory System
2. Overview of Circulation Pulmonary circulation: blood flow between the heart and lungs Systemic circulation: blood flow from heart to rest of the body Cardiac circulation: blood flow within the heart
1 GNM - Anatomy unit - 4 - CVS by thirumurugan.pptxthiru murugan
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit – IV:
Heart : Structure, functions including conduction system & cardiac cycle
Blood vessels : Types, Structure and position
Circulation of blood
Blood pressure and pulse
Heart
The circulatory system:
It consisting of blood, blood vessels, and heart.
This supplies oxygen and other nutrients,
Transports hormones
Removes unnecessary waste products.
Heart and its Structure
The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a fist,
located in mediastinum just behind and slightly left of the breastbone (sternum).
The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels (arteries and veins called the cardiovascular system).
Structure of heart:
Layers of the heart (3)
Chambers of the heart (4)
Valves of the heart (4)
Blood vessels of the heart (5)
3 layers of the heart:
Epicardium/pericardium: outer protective layer of the heart. Visceral and parietal (pericardial fluid). Protection for the heart and big vessels and prevent collapse of heart,
Myocardium: muscular middle layer wall of the heart. Responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body.
Endocardium: the inner layer of the heart. Regulate blood flow through the chambers of the heart and pass the electrical impulses
Chambers of the heart:
The atria: These are the 2 upper chambers, which receive blood. RA / LA
The ventricles: These are the 2 lower chambers, which discharge blood. RV/ LV
A wall of tissue called the septum separates the left and right atria called atrial septum and the left and right ventricle called ventricular septum.
Valves in the heart:
There are four valves
Two-atrio ventricular valves: The 2 types: bicuspid (mitral) - LA & LV, and tricuspid valves - RA & RV.
Two-semilunar valves: The aortic valves and the pulmonary valve.
Major blood vessels of the heart
There are 5 major blood vessels
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta[artery]
Inferior vena cava [IVC] veins
Superior vena cava [SVC] veins
Functions of heart:
Pumping oxygenated blood to the body parts.
Pumping nutrients and other vital substances
Receiving deoxygenated blood and carrying metabolic waste products from the body
Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Maintaining blood pressure.
Conduction system
The electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate.
This system generates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood.
The electrical pulses determine the order in which the chambers contract & the heart rate
Conductive system consist of:
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of his or His Bundles – bundle of branches
( right and left)
4. Purkinje fibres
Sinoatrial node (SA) : also known as the pace maker of the heart and Located in the upper wall of the right atrium
Made up of both muscle and nervous tissue
Here the electrical impulse begins
Atrioventricular (AV) node:
located between the atria and ventricles of the heart
The electrical impulse is carried fr
This presentation is a combination of different slides which I re-purposed. I included a reference of all the slides I used at the end of my presentation.
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
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Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. In the name of Allah, the Most-
Merciful, the All-Compassionate
Bismillah Walhamdulillah Was Salaatu
Was Salaam 'ala Rasulillah
As-Salaam Alaykum Wa-Rahmatullahi
Wa-Barakaatuh
"May the Peace and Blessings of Allah
be UponYou“
3. Blood Circulatory system
Humans and other vertebrates have a
closed blood circulatory system:
• This system consists of
» the heart (pump),
» series of blood vessels
» the blood that flows through
them.
• This means that circulating blood is
pumped through a system of vessels.
4. Functions of Human Blood
Circulatory System
1. oxygen
2. carbon dioxide
3 nutrients
4. water
5. ions
6. hormones
7. antibodies
8. metabolic wastes
Includes transport of following
7. Heart
• The Heart Located near the center of
the chest Hollow structure
• The Heart Enclosed in a protective
sac called the p e r i c a r d i u m
• The heart contracts about 72 times
per minute
Pumps about 70ml of blood with
each contraction.
9. Structure
• Layers:
Epicardium
Myocardium(Contractions of the
myocardium pump blood through the
circulatory system)
endocardium
The Heart
10. • Chambers:
Two atria (right and left)
Two ventricles (right and left)
• The right and left sides of the heart are
separated by a septum, or wall. The septum
prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and
oxygen poor blood.
• The upper chamber (receives blood) is the
atrium. The lower chamber (pumps blood
out of heart) is the ventricle
The Heart
11. Valves
Two atrioventricular valves:
tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral)
Two semilunar valves:
pulmonary and aortic
• Flaps of connective tissue, called valves, are
located between the atria and ventricles.
• Blood moving keeps the valves open. When
the ventricles contract, the valves close which
prevent blood from flowing back into the atria.
• Each atrium and ventricle contracts as a unit.
12. Arteries
• muscular vessels carrying
blood away from heart
• carry oxygenated blood
– Exception- pulmonary artery
(to lungs)
• Thick walls-need to withstand
pressure produced when heart
pushes blood into them
13. Capillaries
• thin walled (one cell layer) vessels
• arise from arterioles (tiny arteries)
• form capillary beds
• all exchange between blood &
cells occurs here(Important for
bringing nutrients and oxygen to
tissues and absorbing CO2 and
other waste products)
14. Capillaries
• composed of interlocking cells
• one cell thick
• nutrients, ions, water, & oxygen diffuse here
• Blood moves from capillary to a venule, picks up:
• ions
• water
• carbon dioxide
• metabolic wastes
• nutrients from intestine
Materials leave capillaries by three
mechanisms:
1. Diffusion
2. Hydrostatic pressure
3. Pinocytosis
17. Veins
• Venules (branch of veins) receive blood
from the capillaries
• Low oxygenated blood transferred to veins
• Veins carry low O2 blood to heart
– Exception- pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood
• Thin walled & flattened
• Nearer to body surface than arteries
• Blood pressure is much lower than in
arteries
18. Movement through veins
assisted by:
1) one way flap-like valves allow blood
to move in one direction (toward
heart)
2) some smooth muscle around larger
veins that contracts and moves blood
3) limb and breathing movements
literally massages veins and
squeezes blood along
19. Circulation Through Human
Heart
Blood enters
the RIGHT
SIDE of heart
Right
atrium
Right
ventricle
Pulmonary
artery
Alveoli
in
lungs
Oxygenate
d blood
Pulmonary
Veins
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
Blood leaves
through
Aorta
Flows
to body
20.
21. Control of the Heart
1. Extrinsic (outside)
2. Intrinsic (within)
22. Extrinsic (outside)
control of heart beat
• autonomic nervous system
• adrenal hormone epinephrine
• heart itself can secrete
regulatory hormones when
changes in blood pressure in
the atria are detected.
23. Intrinsic (within) control
• Origin of heart beat
– Sinoatrial (SA) node
(pacemaker)
• May be influenced by
autonomic nervous system
25. Pulmonary Circuit:
Oxygenation of Blood
– Deoxygenated blood through the vena
cava to the right atrium
– Deoxygenated blood through the right
atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle
– Deoxygenated blood through the
pulmonary semilunar valve to the
pulmonary trunk and the lungs
– Oxygenated blood through the pulmonary
veins to the left atrium
– Oxygenated blood through the left
atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle
26. Systemic Circuit: Delivery of
Oxygenated Blood to Tissues and Return
of Blood to the Heart
– Oxygenated blood through the aortic
semilunar valve to the aorta
– Oxygenated blood through branching
arteries and arterioles to the tissues
– Oxygenated blood through the arterioles to
capillaries
– Deoxygenated blood from capillaries into
venules and veins
– Ultimately to the vena cava and into the
right atrium
29. Cardiac Conduction System
Coordinates Contraction
• SA node: cardiac
pacemaker
• AV node: relay
impulse
• AV bundle and
Purkinje fibers:
carry impulse to
ventricles
30. Electrocardiograms (EKG/ECG)
• Three formations
– P wave: impulse across atria
– QRS complex: spread of impulse
down septum, around ventricles
in Purkinje fibers
– T wave: end of electrical activity
in ventricles
• Arrythmias, ventricular
fibrillation (due to any change)
32. Blood Pressure
• Definitions: “normal”
– Systolic pressure
– Diastolic pressure
• ideal blood pressure is considered to be
120/80mmHg.
• The force of blood on the wall of the
arteries is known as blood pressure
• Measurement:
sphygmomanometer
33. Blood Pressure
• Hypertension: high blood pressure
• 140/90mmHg or higher
– The silent killer
– Various risk factors
• Hypotension: low blood pressure
• 90/60mmHg or lower
• Clinical signs: dizziness, fainting
– Causes: orthostatic, severe burns,
blood loss
34. Regulation of the Cardiovascular
System: Baroreceptors
• Baroreceptors: pressure receptors in aorta
and carotid arteries
• Steps in mechanism
Blood pressure rises, vessels
stretched
Signals sent to brain in the
cardiovascular center
Heart signaled to lower heart
rate and force of contraction
Arterioles vasodilate,
increasing blood flow to tissues
Combined effect lowers blood
pressure
35. Regulation of the Cardiovascular
System: Nervous and Endocrine Factors
• Medulla oblongata signals
– Sympathetic nerves: constrict
blood vessels, raising blood
pressure
– Parasympathetic nerves: dilate
blood vessels, lowering blood
pressure
• Hormones: epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Local requirements dictate local
blood flow
36. Cardiovascular Disorders
• Angina pectoris: severe chest pain
(a warning)
• Myocardial infarction/heart attack:
permanent cardiac damage
• Congestive heart failure: decrease
in pumping efficiency
• Embolism: blockage of blood
vessels
• Stroke: impaired blood flow to the
brain
37. Reducing the Risk of
Cardiovascular Disease
• Smoking: cigarette smoke contain
upto 50% hydrocarbons that are
hazardous.
• Blood lipids: monitor cholesterol
levels
• Exercise: regular and moderate
• Blood pressure: treat hypertension
38. Weight:
being overweight increases risk of
heart attack and stroke
Control of Diabetes Mellitus:
early diagnosis and treatment delays
onset of related problems
Stress: avoid chronic stress
39. Blood
• It is a type Connective tissue
• It contains plasma matrix + 3 types cells
Plasma = 90% water + 10% plasma
solids.
Solids include:
Urea
amino acid
Glucose
Hormones
Ions
Fats
proteins
40. The 3 Major Blood
Proteins
Albumins - large proteins that bind
impurities & some toxins, aid in transport
of hormones, fatty acids and ions, help
maintain osmotic balance.
GLOBULINS - include antibodies
(immunoglobins IgA,IgE,IgD,IgG,IgM)
- transport substances such as fatty acids,
hormones and vitamins
FIBRINOGEN - role in blood clotting
42. Erythrocytes
(red blood cells)
1. small, disk-like shape
2. no nucleus
3. cannot reproduce
4. Lasts 4 months then rupture
5. produced by red bone marrow
6. contain hemoglobin(give red color)
7. carry oxygen
43. Leukocytes
(white blood cells)
• Nucleus present
• Active in immune system
• most are neutrophils that engulf
microorganisms
• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes (macrophages)