The document summarizes the history of Spain from prehistoric times to the early 19th century. It describes how France invaded Spain in 1808 under Napoleon Bonaparte, forcing King Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate. José Bonaparte then ruled Spain as José I until 1813 when the War of Independence broke out. The war resulted in Spain losing its American territories but gaining independence. The reigns of Fernando VII and his daughter Isabel II were marked by instability and civil wars between supporters of absolutism and constitutional monarchy. The artist Francisco Goya painted portraits of the royal family as well as scenes depicting the horrors of war.

1. UNIT 5 (UNIT 1 BOOK)
MODERN SPAIN I

2. MIDDLE AGES
PREHISTORY
HISTORY
PALEOLITIC NEOLITHIC EGYPT GREECE
ANCIENT HISTORY
HUNTERS
WHO LIVED IN
CAVES
FIRST
SETTLEMENTS
(VILLAGES).
AGRICULTURE
BEGINS
WRITING
INVENTION
(3500 BC)
JESUS CHRIST IS
BORN (YEAR 0 A.D.)
THEFALLOFTHEROMANEMPIRE
VISIGOTHS
MUSLIMS
(711.A.D)
CHRISTIANS
(722A.D.)
DISCOVERYOFAMERIA
Catholic
Monarchs
MODERN AGE
16THcentury:
CarlosIandFelipeII
1492 A.D.
ROME
17thcentury
18thcentury
Baroque:
GOLDEN
AGE
Renaissance
INDUSTRIALREVOLUTIONAND
FRENCHREVOLUTION(1789A.D.)
BIG
BANG
2-3 million years B.C.
(humans appeared)
1789 A.D.
5TH century A.D.

3. THE SPANISH EMPIRE (16TH CENTURY)
CARLOS I
(1516-1556)
FELIPE II
(1556-1598
Motto: Plus Ultra
(further beyond)
Battle of Lepanto
(against the Turkish Empire)

4. SPAIN AT THE END OF 16th CENTURY
THE EMPIRE IN WHICH THE SUN NEVER SETS

5. 1588 (end of 16th century):
INVINCIBLE ARMY
(FELIPE II)
1st huge failure

6. 17th century (1600-1700 a.d.)
17th
century
(THE
MODERN
AGE)
FELIPE III (EL PIADOSO): (1598 – 1621)
LOSS OF INFLUENCE AND POWER IN EUROPE
VALIDO: DUQUE DE LERMA
FELIPE IV: (EL REY PASMADO O EL GRANDE): (1621-1665)
VALIDO: CONDE-DUQUE DE OLIVARES
Portugal Independent started in 1640 and finished in 1668.
CARLOS II (EL HECHIZADO): (1665-1700)
He couldn´t have any children.
Habsburg dinasty endend in 1700

7. SPAIN IN THE 18TH CENTURY
THE WAR OF SUCCESSION (1701 -1714)
BOURBONS (FRANCE) HABSBURGS
(AUSTRIA)
•FELIPE V (NEW SPANISH KING): BOURBON
DYNASTY (FRANCE)
TREATY OF UTRECHT (PEACE)
•GREAT BRITAIN RECEIVED GIBRALTAR
• THE NETHERLANDS AND ITALIAN TERRITORIES
WENT TO AUSTRIA
consequences

8. 18TH CENTURY IN SPAIN (1700-1800 A.D.)
18TH
CENTURY
(THE
MODERN
AGE)
FELIPE V:
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY: unlimited power
CARLOS III: the best mayor of Madrid
Created hospitals, museums, sewage systems, fountains…
In Madrid: Botanic Gardens, Puerta de Alcalá…
CARLOS IV (1788-1808 A.D.)
Goya Paintings

9. THE END OF 18TH CENTURY IN EUROPE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
(1760)
FRENCH REVOLUTION
(1789)
IN GREAT BRITAIN
People migrated from
rural areas to cities
looking for work in
factories which had
been developed
thanks to new
machinery and
inventions
IN FRANCE
Political ideas changed
moving from a absolute
monarchy and giving
more power to the
people.
Some years later, Napoleon
Bonaparte would reach the
French power.

10. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
JAMES WATT
STEAM ENGINE
Steam engines burned
fossil fuels (COAL) to boil
water, producing a new
energy source: STEAM
(vapour). This steam is used
to move the wheels

11. Basic questions
• Can you explain the French Revolution?
• Which new ideas did the FRENCH REVOLUTION bring to the society?
• Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
• Who was Carlos IV?
• How did French troops invade Spain?

12. CARLOS IV
FERNANDO VII
NAPOLEON
BONAPARTE
JOSE
BONAPARTE

13. THE END OF THE 18TH AND THE BEGINNING
OF THE 19TH CENTURY IN SPAIN
CARLOS IV
Came to the
Spanish
throne in
1788, 1 year
before…
FRENCH
REVOLUTION
1789
1804
Napoleon
Bonaparte became
FRENCH Emperor.
He was a soldier
and wanted to
conquer the world
1807
The Spanish Prime
Minister, Manuel
Godoy, signed the
Treaty of
Fontainebleau with
Napoleon
They agreed to invade
Portugal and divide it
between each other.
So Spanish army would
leave them to cross the
country and invade
Portugal…
However,
after crossing
the Pyrenees,
the French
Army
INVADED and
STAYED IN
OUR
COUNTRY
(1808)

14. TREATY OF FONTAINEABLEAU
Initial idea

15. THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY
IN SPAIN
CARLOS IV
In 1808, once in Spain,
Napoleon forced Carlos IV
and his son Fernando VII
to abdicate (renounce)
and sent them to France
José I
(Pepe Botella)
ruled Spain
from 1808
to 1813.
FERNANDO VII
Then, he put his brother,
JOSEPH BONAPARTE
(JOSEPH I) on the throne
of SPAIN

16. THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY
IN SPAIN: WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
The French invasion
caused an uprising
(rebellion) in Madrid on
2nd of May 1808 and…
In 1808, THE WAR
OF INDEPENDENCE
BEGAN!
FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y
LUCIENTES
1814
With the British help, the
French were defeated in
1814, and Napoleon
recognised Fernando VII
as king of Spain (the
absolute monarchy
returned)

17. THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY
IN SPAIN: the CONSTITUION OF 1812
In 1812, in CÁDIZ, the only place that was not
under French rule, some politicians drew up
(plan) and signed a Spanish Constitution
It was the first Constitution in Spain and
the most liberal Constitution at that time
(freedom ideas):
Equality for all
Freedom of expression and press
Constitutional Monarchy
Right to vote to all
men over 25

18. TIME LINE: THE END OF 18TH CENTURY
AND THE BEGINNING OF 19TH CENTURY
1788
1789
1804
1807
CARLOS IV
became
KING of
Spain
FRENCH
Revolution
Napoleon
Bonaparte
became
EMPEROR
of France
Treaty of
Fontainebleau.
French troops
can cross Spain
to invade
Portugal
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
(1808-1814)
1808
Madrid
Uprising
(2nd of May).
The beginning
of the War of
Independence
1812
Cadiz
Constitution
1814
The French
are defeated
and
Fernando VII
became King
Fernando
VII
Isabel II
1814-1833
1833-1868

19. THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The independence of the AMERICAN
territories
By 1825, Spain had lost all the
territories, except for CUBA AND
PUERTO RICO
Colonies in the Americas took
advantage of this political instability
to become independent from Spain.

20. THE 19TH CENTURY:
The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II
FERNANDO VII
(1814-1833)
ABSOLUTISM
(1814-1820)
He declared Cadiz Constitution illegal in 1814
LIBERAL TRIENNIUM
(1820-1823)
He became an absolute monarch (many conficts)
There were some military rebellions to get
more freedom and restore the Cadiz
Constitución but, in 1823, Fernando VII
abolished again that Constitution
OMINOUS DECADE
(1823-1833)
Last ten years of the reign of King Fernando
VII, after the abolition of the Spanish
Constitution, until his death in 1833.
Period of repressions for liberals

21. THE 19TH CENTURY:
The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II
FELIPE VI
LEONOR
Isabel IIFERNANDO VII
There was/is a law called “Salic law” (Ley Sálica) by which only male members of the
royal family could be crowned (become KING)

22. 1814-1833 1833-1868
Isabel IIFERNANDO VII
Before dieing, Fernando chose his
eldest daughter Isabel as the next
queen of Spain instead of his
brother Carlos
THE 19TH CENTURY:
The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II
I am Carlos,
Fernando’s
brother, the man! I
have to be the
Spanish king not
my nice!

23. THE 19TH CENTURY:
The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II
1833-1868
The beginning of her reign was marked by CIVIL WARS known
as the CARLIST WARS
Supporters of Isabel II Supporters of CARLOS
(FERNANDO’S BROTHER)
They won and during
the Isabel reign…
• Spain became a parliamentary monarchy (nowadays).
• Political inestability (conflicts against the supporters of absolutism)
• Isabel was forced to leave the country (exiled) in 1864
Isabel II

24. THE 19TH CENTURY:
The reigns of Fernando VII and Isabel II
Upper class
• Nobility and rich factory owners and bankers called the upper bourgeoisie.
Middle class
• It was made up of people such as merchant, doctors, lawyers
and small landowners
Working class
• It was made up of very low-paid agricutural workers.
• Factory workers (badly paid and working in dangerous conditions)
• They had very little chance to improve their social status.

25. FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y
LUCIENTES
Portraits of the royal family:
• La familia de CARLOS IV
Horrors of the War of
Independence
• La carga de los mamelucos en la Puerta del Sol • Los fusilamientos del 3 de mayo

26. FRANCISCO DE GOYA Y LUCIENTES
Towards the end of Goya’s life, he went completely deaf.
He began a period of BLACK PAINTING
• Saturno devorando a sus hijos• Dos viejos comiendo sopa