Area Social Science: Modern Spain part 1
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This document summarizes key events in modern Spanish history from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It discusses how the French Revolution brought new ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity that spread from France to other parts of Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power in France and decided to invade Portugal and conquer Spain, sparking the Spanish War of Independence. The document examines paintings by Francisco Goya that reflected the turbulent political times in Spain during the French occupation and war.
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Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco, Spain experienced repression, lack of freedoms, and economic struggles until the 1960s. In 1969 Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos oversaw Spain's transition to democracy, which was solidified with a new constitution approved in 1978.
Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco there was repression of political opposition and regional cultures. After Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos I oversaw the transition to democracy, appointing Adolfo Suárez to begin political reforms including free elections, legalizing political parties and unions. Spain established a new democratic constitution in 1978.
Spain in the late 19th century II
During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923:
- King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch from 1875-1885 and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud.
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a new political system called the turno pacífico based on two dominant political parties, but it relied on pre-determining election results.
- Economic prosperity occurred but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political arrangements.
20th century Spain
Spain in the 20th century experienced the reign of King Alfonso XIII, the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930, and the Second Republic from 1931-1939 which established rights for both genders and separation of church and state. A civil war from 1936-1939 resulted in victory for rebel forces led by Franco, beginning a dictatorship until 1975. Franco centralized power under a single authoritarian regime that prohibited opposition and favored Catholicism. In the 1970s, protests increased and upon Franco's death in 1975, Spain transitioned to a democratic constitutional monarchy through a process known as the Transition.
Contemporary age
During the early 20th century, Spain was unhappy with the monarchy due to losses of colonies and wars. This led to a coup in 1923 where Primo de Rivera became dictator and banned political parties. In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed, establishing reforms like women's suffrage. However, a civil war broke out in 1936 between Republican and Nationalist groups, led by Francisco Franco. Franco emerged victorious in 1939 and established a dictatorship until his death in 1975, repressing opposition and restricting freedoms for several decades.
Contemporary age
The document summarizes key events in 19th century Spanish history, including the French Revolution's impact on Spain, the War of Independence against Napoleon, the liberal Constitution of 1812, the loss of Spain's American colonies, and the turbulent reigns of Fernando VII and Isabella II. It also discusses social changes, the rise of the labor movement, and Francisco Goya's paintings which reflected the political upheaval and violence of the time period.
History of spain 19th century project_christamas
Carlos IV became King of Spain in the late 18th century. During his reign, Napoleon occupied Spain and forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate in Bayonne in 1808. Napoleon then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as the new King of Spain. This led to the Spanish War of Independence as the Spanish people rebelled against French rule. The Central Council was formed in Cadiz in 1810 to coordinate the resistance and eventually established the Constitution of 1812, one of the most progressive in Europe at the time, establishing principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and equal rights.
Review 1
The document provides background information on the Spanish Monarchy in the 15th and 16th centuries. It discusses:
1) The union between Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon known as the Catholic Monarchs, which brought together the Crowns of Castile and Aragon but kept them largely independent.
2) Their successors, including their grandson Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) who inherited a vast empire but faced revolts from nobles and the Comuneros in Castile.
3) Philip II who inherited the empire and made Madrid the capital, centralizing power but facing ongoing conflicts with England, the Netherlands, and the Ottoman Empire.
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Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco, Spain experienced repression, lack of freedoms, and economic struggles until the 1960s. In 1969 Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos oversaw Spain's transition to democracy, which was solidified with a new constitution approved in 1978.
Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco there was repression of political opposition and regional cultures. After Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos I oversaw the transition to democracy, appointing Adolfo Suárez to begin political reforms including free elections, legalizing political parties and unions. Spain established a new democratic constitution in 1978.
Spain in the late 19th century II
During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923:
- King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch from 1875-1885 and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud.
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a new political system called the turno pacífico based on two dominant political parties, but it relied on pre-determining election results.
- Economic prosperity occurred but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political arrangements.
20th century Spain
Spain in the 20th century experienced the reign of King Alfonso XIII, the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930, and the Second Republic from 1931-1939 which established rights for both genders and separation of church and state. A civil war from 1936-1939 resulted in victory for rebel forces led by Franco, beginning a dictatorship until 1975. Franco centralized power under a single authoritarian regime that prohibited opposition and favored Catholicism. In the 1970s, protests increased and upon Franco's death in 1975, Spain transitioned to a democratic constitutional monarchy through a process known as the Transition.
Contemporary age
During the early 20th century, Spain was unhappy with the monarchy due to losses of colonies and wars. This led to a coup in 1923 where Primo de Rivera became dictator and banned political parties. In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed, establishing reforms like women's suffrage. However, a civil war broke out in 1936 between Republican and Nationalist groups, led by Francisco Franco. Franco emerged victorious in 1939 and established a dictatorship until his death in 1975, repressing opposition and restricting freedoms for several decades.
Contemporary age
The document summarizes key events in 19th century Spanish history, including the French Revolution's impact on Spain, the War of Independence against Napoleon, the liberal Constitution of 1812, the loss of Spain's American colonies, and the turbulent reigns of Fernando VII and Isabella II. It also discusses social changes, the rise of the labor movement, and Francisco Goya's paintings which reflected the political upheaval and violence of the time period.
History of spain 19th century project_christamas
Carlos IV became King of Spain in the late 18th century. During his reign, Napoleon occupied Spain and forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate in Bayonne in 1808. Napoleon then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as the new King of Spain. This led to the Spanish War of Independence as the Spanish people rebelled against French rule. The Central Council was formed in Cadiz in 1810 to coordinate the resistance and eventually established the Constitution of 1812, one of the most progressive in Europe at the time, establishing principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and equal rights.
Review 1
The document provides background information on the Spanish Monarchy in the 15th and 16th centuries. It discusses:
1) The union between Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon known as the Catholic Monarchs, which brought together the Crowns of Castile and Aragon but kept them largely independent.
2) Their successors, including their grandson Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) who inherited a vast empire but faced revolts from nobles and the Comuneros in Castile.
3) Philip II who inherited the empire and made Madrid the capital, centralizing power but facing ongoing conflicts with England, the Netherlands, and the Ottoman Empire.
The 10 most_important_events_in_spain_irene_y_valeria.ingles
The document summarizes 10 important events in Spanish history:
1. The Spanish Civil War from 1936-1939 which resulted in Francisco Franco establishing a dictatorship until his death in 1975.
2. The economic crisis in Spain from 2008-2013 which was part of the global financial crisis.
3. Franco's death in 1975 and the transition of power in Spain.
4. The recognition of women's right to vote in the 1931 Spanish constitution.
5. The ratification of the new 1978 Spanish constitution which completed the transition to democracy.
Spain today
The document provides information about Spain's constitution and government. It establishes that Spain is a parliamentary monarchy with a hereditary monarch as head of state. The king does not pass laws but is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The constitution was approved in 1978 by referendum and defines citizens' rights and responsibilities. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, each with their own statutes and local governments.
Unit 1 modern spain part 2
The French army occupied Spain after Napoleon decided to conquer the country in 1808, sparking the Spanish War of Independence. The war ended in 1814 with Spain defeating France with British help. During the war, Spain had two governments - one led by Joseph I (Napoleon's brother) that controlled most of Spain, and another led by Fernando VII that was based in Cádiz. In 1812, the Cádiz government approved Spain's first liberal constitution called the Constitution of Cádiz, influenced by French Revolutionary ideals. When Fernando VII returned to power in 1814, he abolished the constitution and restored the absolute monarchy.
Spanish civil war
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a result of a military coup launched by Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. The war divided Spain into two zones - the Nationalist region controlled by Franco and the Republicans. The conflict lasted almost three years and involved three phases - the campaign for Madrid, the northern front, and the end of the war. Life during the war was difficult, with hunger, repression, and refugees fleeing the violence and exiles leaving Spain.
Revolutions, liberalism and nationalism
- The document summarizes key events in the history of revolutions, liberalism, and nationalism between the 18th-19th centuries. It discusses the American Revolution, French Revolution, Congress of Vienna, liberalism, nationalism, revolutions of 1848, unification of Italy, and unification of Germany. The American Revolution established independence and a new constitution, while the French Revolution established republican rule and was later expanded by Napoleon's empire. The Congress of Vienna restored monarchical rule but also spread nationalist ideas. Liberalism advocated for individual rights and separation of powers. Nationalism united previously divided Italian and German states.
Modern spain II
1. In the late 19th century, Spain experienced political instability and unrest due to authoritarian governments that did not enact democratic reforms. This led to a revolution in 1868 and the establishment of a short-lived republic in 1873.
2. Political stability returned under King Alfonso XII in 1874, beginning the Restoration period. However, this was still not a true democracy, and elections were manipulated. Industrialization began in this time.
3. Unrest continued in the early 20th century under King Alfonso XIII, culminating in the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 after national disasters. This ended in 1930 and led to the formation of the Second Republic in 1931 and democratic reforms
Unit 6 - RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM
This document provides an overview of political developments in Europe from 1815-1870, including the restoration of absolutism after Napoleon's defeat, revolts against absolutism, and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. Key events discussed include the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which redrew Europe's political map; the Holy Alliance and Quadruple Alliance between major powers; revolutions in the 1820s-1830s that overthrew absolutist rulers; and the revolutions of 1848 that spread across Europe demanding greater democratic rights. It also summarizes the processes of Italian and German unification in the mid-19th century driven by liberal and nationalist ideologies.
Restoration (1875-1902)
After the overthrow of the Spanish monarchy in the 1860s, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo led the restoration of the monarchy in the 1870s. He established a stable, conservative political system with two main parties - the Conservative and Liberal parties - that accepted the monarchy and alternated in power. However, opposition forces like republicans and workers' organizations grew as well. The late 19th century saw conflicts like the Cuban War of Independence and demands to reform and modernize Spain in response to losses like the Spanish-American War of 1898.
The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
The first Spanish Republic lasted only 11 months from 1873-1874 due to social instability and revolts in some cities that declared independence. General Martinez Campos then restored the monarchy and crowned Alfonso XII as King. The Second Spanish Republic lasted 8 years from 1931-1939 and was divided into three periods. It established a new constitution in 1931 that expanded women's right to vote, made primary education free and obligatory, reduced the power of the Catholic church and nobility while increasing it for the working class, legalized divorce, and granted more autonomy to Spanish regions. Manuel Azaña served as both president of the government and of the republic during this time.
Spain under the Restoration (1875-1902)
Under the Restoration in Spain from 1875-1902, King Alfonso XII ruled until his death in 1885. His wife Queen Maria Cristina then served as regent until 1902. Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas del Castillo established a stable two-party system alternating between the Conservative and Liberal parties. Elections were manipulated through various means to ensure the continued rule of the dynastic parties. Opposition republican, nationalist, and socialist movements struggled to gain power within this system. The loss of Spain's remaining colonies like Cuba and the Philippines to the United States in 1898 was a major blow that increased calls for reform and modernization in Spain.
Turkey famous political leaders
Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer and statesman who led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence after World War I, defeating Allied forces. He established the Republic of Turkey and embarked on political, economic, and cultural reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular nation-state. The principles of Atatürk's reforms, known as Kemalism, formed the basis of modern Turkey.
Stages of Spain's history
The document outlines the major stages of Spain's history:
1) Prehistory, from the arrival of hominids 1.2 million years ago until writing was introduced by Mediterranean civilizations.
2) The Ancient Era, from the 1st millennium BC until Germanic invasions in the 5th century AD, including Pre-Roman peoples and Roman Hispania.
3) The Middle Ages, from the 5th century to the late 15th century, spanning Germanic invasions, the Visigothic kingdom, Muslim conquest, the Reconquest and consolidation of Castile and Aragon.
4) The Modern Era from the late 15th century to the early 19th century
Restoration, liberalism and nationalism
The document discusses the political developments in Europe between 1815-1870, including the Restoration period after Napoleon's defeat and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. It describes how the Congress of Vienna redrew borders and established absolute monarchies across Europe. It also examines the reign of Fernando VII in Spain and the revolutions of the 1820s-1840s that established constitutional monarchies and helped unify Italy and Germany.
The crisis of the Restoration system and Primo de Rivera's dictatorship (1902...
The political system of Restoration in Spain showed its limits during the reign of King Alphonse XIII from 1902-1931. There were some attempted reforms by conservative and liberal politicians to regenerate the system, but they faced opposition from republicans, nationalists, workers' movements, and faced difficulties incorporating the people into politics. Major crises included the Tragic Week of 1909 in Barcelona which began as protests against sending troops to Morocco but escalated into anti-clerical violence across Spain. Another crisis came in 1912 with the assassination of reformist Prime Minister José Canalejas. Ultimately, the monarchy and political system broke down, leading to the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 and the
The making of nationalism in Europe
The document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how the French Revolution spread the idea of the nation-state and nationalism across Europe. In the early 19th century, liberal nationalism grew among the middle class who sought individual freedoms, representative government, and an end to autocratic rule. However, conservative regimes resisted these changes after 1815, leading revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini to form secret societies to promote nationalist ideals and independence movements. Major events that shaped the period included the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 and the Zollverein customs union formed in 1834.
Contemporary age
1. In the early 19th century, Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, sparking the Spanish War of Independence. This war lasted from 1808 to 1814, ending with the French defeat and Ferdinand VII's return to the Spanish throne.
2. Ferdinand VII abolished the liberal Constitution of 1812 and established an absolute monarchy, causing political disorder. Most Spanish colonies gained independence during this time.
3. Isabella II became queen in 1833 but revolutions and unrest led to her exile in 1868, beginning a period of instability over different forms of government.
Risorgimento
The document summarizes key events in the Risorgimento, the 19th century movement for Italian unification and independence. It describes early nationalist sentiment in the 1830s-1840s, the Five Days of Milan uprising against Austrian rule, and Carlo Alberto's failed war of independence in 1848. It then discusses the formation of nationalist societies like the Società Nazionale in Turin and the roles of figures like Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini in later military campaigns against Austria culminating in the proclamation of a united Kingdom of Italy in 1861, though it did not include Veneto, Trentino, or Rome at first.
Spain in the 19 th century
The document summarizes key events in 19th century Spain, beginning with the Napoleonic invasion in 1808. This led to a war of independence against French occupation from 1808-1814. During this time, liberals drafted Spain's first constitution in 1812 in Cadiz. After the war, King Ferdinand VII abolished the constitution and restored absolutism, leading to conflict between liberals and conservatives. Liberal revolts in 1820 and 1868 briefly restored the 1812 constitution. The document also discusses the independence movements in Spanish America from 1808-1826 and political instability in Spain between moderate and progressive factions during the reign of Isabella II from 1833-1868.
Alfonso xiii
This document discusses the political situation in Spain from 1898 to 1917, a period of decline after the dynastic turn. It describes the rise of regenerationism under Antonio Maura, who attempted reforms but failed to curb electoral corruption. Political opposition increased from groups like republicans, Catalan nationalists, socialists, and anarchists. Maura resigned after harsh repression of protests in Barcelona in 1909. Liberal reforms followed under Canalejas, including laws limiting the Catholic Church. However, growing social and economic problems led to a major protest movement and general strike in 1917 aiming to overthrow the government amidst the crisis of World War I.
The French Revolution2
The document discusses the key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the three estates system in France before the revolution and the inequality faced by the third estate. The storming of the Bastille by Parisians in 1789 marked an important turning point. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and declared the rights of man. However, the revolution grew increasingly radical under the Jacobins, leading to the Reign of Terror and mass executions under Robespierre. Eventually, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end.
Modern Spain Part1
The document provides background information on modern Spain, beginning with a timeline of key events from the late modern period such as the French Revolution of 1789 and Spain's loss of colonies in the 19th-20th centuries. It then discusses the causes and central ideas of the French Revolution, including growing inequality between social classes. It describes Napoleon Bonaparte's betrayal of Spain by allowing French troops to occupy the country under false pretenses of helping conquer Portugal, which sparked the Spanish War of Independence against French rule. Paintings by Francisco de Goya reflecting the turbulent times are also mentioned.
XIX century in Spain
The document discusses the French Revolution and its impacts. It began as resentment grew between the wealthy and poor classes in France, with no social mobility. On July 14, 1789, the Bastille fortress in Paris was attacked, marking the start of the revolution. The revolution spread across France with the goals of ending privileges and establishing liberty, equality, and fraternity for all. The French Revolution significantly changed the style of government and ensured that citizens could have a voice and choose their leaders.
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The document summarizes 10 important events in Spanish history:
1. The Spanish Civil War from 1936-1939 which resulted in Francisco Franco establishing a dictatorship until his death in 1975.
2. The economic crisis in Spain from 2008-2013 which was part of the global financial crisis.
3. Franco's death in 1975 and the transition of power in Spain.
4. The recognition of women's right to vote in the 1931 Spanish constitution.
5. The ratification of the new 1978 Spanish constitution which completed the transition to democracy.
Spain today
The document provides information about Spain's constitution and government. It establishes that Spain is a parliamentary monarchy with a hereditary monarch as head of state. The king does not pass laws but is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The constitution was approved in 1978 by referendum and defines citizens' rights and responsibilities. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, each with their own statutes and local governments.
Unit 1 modern spain part 2
The French army occupied Spain after Napoleon decided to conquer the country in 1808, sparking the Spanish War of Independence. The war ended in 1814 with Spain defeating France with British help. During the war, Spain had two governments - one led by Joseph I (Napoleon's brother) that controlled most of Spain, and another led by Fernando VII that was based in Cádiz. In 1812, the Cádiz government approved Spain's first liberal constitution called the Constitution of Cádiz, influenced by French Revolutionary ideals. When Fernando VII returned to power in 1814, he abolished the constitution and restored the absolute monarchy.
Spanish civil war
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 as a result of a military coup launched by Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco against the Republican government. The war divided Spain into two zones - the Nationalist region controlled by Franco and the Republicans. The conflict lasted almost three years and involved three phases - the campaign for Madrid, the northern front, and the end of the war. Life during the war was difficult, with hunger, repression, and refugees fleeing the violence and exiles leaving Spain.
Revolutions, liberalism and nationalism
- The document summarizes key events in the history of revolutions, liberalism, and nationalism between the 18th-19th centuries. It discusses the American Revolution, French Revolution, Congress of Vienna, liberalism, nationalism, revolutions of 1848, unification of Italy, and unification of Germany. The American Revolution established independence and a new constitution, while the French Revolution established republican rule and was later expanded by Napoleon's empire. The Congress of Vienna restored monarchical rule but also spread nationalist ideas. Liberalism advocated for individual rights and separation of powers. Nationalism united previously divided Italian and German states.
Modern spain II
1. In the late 19th century, Spain experienced political instability and unrest due to authoritarian governments that did not enact democratic reforms. This led to a revolution in 1868 and the establishment of a short-lived republic in 1873.
2. Political stability returned under King Alfonso XII in 1874, beginning the Restoration period. However, this was still not a true democracy, and elections were manipulated. Industrialization began in this time.
3. Unrest continued in the early 20th century under King Alfonso XIII, culminating in the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 after national disasters. This ended in 1930 and led to the formation of the Second Republic in 1931 and democratic reforms
Unit 6 - RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM
This document provides an overview of political developments in Europe from 1815-1870, including the restoration of absolutism after Napoleon's defeat, revolts against absolutism, and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. Key events discussed include the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which redrew Europe's political map; the Holy Alliance and Quadruple Alliance between major powers; revolutions in the 1820s-1830s that overthrew absolutist rulers; and the revolutions of 1848 that spread across Europe demanding greater democratic rights. It also summarizes the processes of Italian and German unification in the mid-19th century driven by liberal and nationalist ideologies.
Restoration (1875-1902)
After the overthrow of the Spanish monarchy in the 1860s, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo led the restoration of the monarchy in the 1870s. He established a stable, conservative political system with two main parties - the Conservative and Liberal parties - that accepted the monarchy and alternated in power. However, opposition forces like republicans and workers' organizations grew as well. The late 19th century saw conflicts like the Cuban War of Independence and demands to reform and modernize Spain in response to losses like the Spanish-American War of 1898.
The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
The first Spanish Republic lasted only 11 months from 1873-1874 due to social instability and revolts in some cities that declared independence. General Martinez Campos then restored the monarchy and crowned Alfonso XII as King. The Second Spanish Republic lasted 8 years from 1931-1939 and was divided into three periods. It established a new constitution in 1931 that expanded women's right to vote, made primary education free and obligatory, reduced the power of the Catholic church and nobility while increasing it for the working class, legalized divorce, and granted more autonomy to Spanish regions. Manuel Azaña served as both president of the government and of the republic during this time.
Spain under the Restoration (1875-1902)
Under the Restoration in Spain from 1875-1902, King Alfonso XII ruled until his death in 1885. His wife Queen Maria Cristina then served as regent until 1902. Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas del Castillo established a stable two-party system alternating between the Conservative and Liberal parties. Elections were manipulated through various means to ensure the continued rule of the dynastic parties. Opposition republican, nationalist, and socialist movements struggled to gain power within this system. The loss of Spain's remaining colonies like Cuba and the Philippines to the United States in 1898 was a major blow that increased calls for reform and modernization in Spain.
Turkey famous political leaders
Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer and statesman who led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence after World War I, defeating Allied forces. He established the Republic of Turkey and embarked on political, economic, and cultural reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular nation-state. The principles of Atatürk's reforms, known as Kemalism, formed the basis of modern Turkey.
Stages of Spain's history
The document outlines the major stages of Spain's history:
1) Prehistory, from the arrival of hominids 1.2 million years ago until writing was introduced by Mediterranean civilizations.
2) The Ancient Era, from the 1st millennium BC until Germanic invasions in the 5th century AD, including Pre-Roman peoples and Roman Hispania.
3) The Middle Ages, from the 5th century to the late 15th century, spanning Germanic invasions, the Visigothic kingdom, Muslim conquest, the Reconquest and consolidation of Castile and Aragon.
4) The Modern Era from the late 15th century to the early 19th century
Restoration, liberalism and nationalism
The document discusses the political developments in Europe between 1815-1870, including the Restoration period after Napoleon's defeat and the rise of liberalism, nationalism, and democracy. It describes how the Congress of Vienna redrew borders and established absolute monarchies across Europe. It also examines the reign of Fernando VII in Spain and the revolutions of the 1820s-1840s that established constitutional monarchies and helped unify Italy and Germany.
The crisis of the Restoration system and Primo de Rivera's dictatorship (1902...
The political system of Restoration in Spain showed its limits during the reign of King Alphonse XIII from 1902-1931. There were some attempted reforms by conservative and liberal politicians to regenerate the system, but they faced opposition from republicans, nationalists, workers' movements, and faced difficulties incorporating the people into politics. Major crises included the Tragic Week of 1909 in Barcelona which began as protests against sending troops to Morocco but escalated into anti-clerical violence across Spain. Another crisis came in 1912 with the assassination of reformist Prime Minister José Canalejas. Ultimately, the monarchy and political system broke down, leading to the establishment of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923 and the
The making of nationalism in Europe
The document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe between the 18th and 19th centuries. It describes how the French Revolution spread the idea of the nation-state and nationalism across Europe. In the early 19th century, liberal nationalism grew among the middle class who sought individual freedoms, representative government, and an end to autocratic rule. However, conservative regimes resisted these changes after 1815, leading revolutionaries like Giuseppe Mazzini to form secret societies to promote nationalist ideals and independence movements. Major events that shaped the period included the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 and the Zollverein customs union formed in 1834.
Contemporary age
1. In the early 19th century, Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, sparking the Spanish War of Independence. This war lasted from 1808 to 1814, ending with the French defeat and Ferdinand VII's return to the Spanish throne.
2. Ferdinand VII abolished the liberal Constitution of 1812 and established an absolute monarchy, causing political disorder. Most Spanish colonies gained independence during this time.
3. Isabella II became queen in 1833 but revolutions and unrest led to her exile in 1868, beginning a period of instability over different forms of government.
Risorgimento
The document summarizes key events in the Risorgimento, the 19th century movement for Italian unification and independence. It describes early nationalist sentiment in the 1830s-1840s, the Five Days of Milan uprising against Austrian rule, and Carlo Alberto's failed war of independence in 1848. It then discusses the formation of nationalist societies like the Società Nazionale in Turin and the roles of figures like Cavour, Garibaldi, and Mazzini in later military campaigns against Austria culminating in the proclamation of a united Kingdom of Italy in 1861, though it did not include Veneto, Trentino, or Rome at first.
Spain in the 19 th century
The document summarizes key events in 19th century Spain, beginning with the Napoleonic invasion in 1808. This led to a war of independence against French occupation from 1808-1814. During this time, liberals drafted Spain's first constitution in 1812 in Cadiz. After the war, King Ferdinand VII abolished the constitution and restored absolutism, leading to conflict between liberals and conservatives. Liberal revolts in 1820 and 1868 briefly restored the 1812 constitution. The document also discusses the independence movements in Spanish America from 1808-1826 and political instability in Spain between moderate and progressive factions during the reign of Isabella II from 1833-1868.
Alfonso xiii
This document discusses the political situation in Spain from 1898 to 1917, a period of decline after the dynastic turn. It describes the rise of regenerationism under Antonio Maura, who attempted reforms but failed to curb electoral corruption. Political opposition increased from groups like republicans, Catalan nationalists, socialists, and anarchists. Maura resigned after harsh repression of protests in Barcelona in 1909. Liberal reforms followed under Canalejas, including laws limiting the Catholic Church. However, growing social and economic problems led to a major protest movement and general strike in 1917 aiming to overthrow the government amidst the crisis of World War I.
The French Revolution2
The document discusses the key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It describes the three estates system in France before the revolution and the inequality faced by the third estate. The storming of the Bastille by Parisians in 1789 marked an important turning point. The National Assembly abolished feudalism and declared the rights of man. However, the revolution grew increasingly radical under the Jacobins, leading to the Reign of Terror and mass executions under Robespierre. Eventually, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end.
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The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
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Similar to Area Social Science: Modern Spain part 1
Modern Spain Part1
The document provides background information on modern Spain, beginning with a timeline of key events from the late modern period such as the French Revolution of 1789 and Spain's loss of colonies in the 19th-20th centuries. It then discusses the causes and central ideas of the French Revolution, including growing inequality between social classes. It describes Napoleon Bonaparte's betrayal of Spain by allowing French troops to occupy the country under false pretenses of helping conquer Portugal, which sparked the Spanish War of Independence against French rule. Paintings by Francisco de Goya reflecting the turbulent times are also mentioned.
XIX century in Spain
The document discusses the French Revolution and its impacts. It began as resentment grew between the wealthy and poor classes in France, with no social mobility. On July 14, 1789, the Bastille fortress in Paris was attacked, marking the start of the revolution. The revolution spread across France with the goals of ending privileges and establishing liberty, equality, and fraternity for all. The French Revolution significantly changed the style of government and ensured that citizens could have a voice and choose their leaders.
Summary social unit 1
The document defines key terms related to social and political changes in Spain between the 18th and 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution transformed society as people moved from rural to urban areas. The French Revolution brought liberal ideas and an end to absolute monarchy. Spain experienced a civil war during the French invasion in 1808 and adopted a liberal constitution in 1812, though King Ferdinand VII later rejected constitutional rule and restored absolutism. Social classes divided between nobility, bourgeoisie, and a growing working class.
Spain in the 19th century
The document summarizes key events in Spanish history from 1808-1898, including:
- The French invasion and occupation of Spain beginning in 1808 led to the War of Independence and popular uprisings against French rule.
- To organize resistance, provincial juntas assumed sovereignty in the name of the exiled king Ferdinand VII and established the Supreme Central Junta in 1808.
- The Cortes convened in Cádiz in 1810 and initiated a bourgeois liberal revolution through political reforms while also drafting Spain's first constitution.
- After French troops withdrew in 1814, Spain experienced alternating periods of liberalism, absolutism, and democracy as it established a constitutional monarchy.
American and French Revolutions
The document discusses key events and themes in Europe between 1750-1900, including the American and French Revolutions, the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and his efforts to build a French empire across Europe. It provides context on the causes of the revolutions, including political and economic inequalities, as well as timelines and overviews of major historical figures and developments during this era of industrialization, revolution, and imperial expansion.
Modern age
This document provides an overview of Spanish history from the 19th century to the present. It discusses key events like the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon, the restoration of the monarchy under Ferdinand VII, the establishment of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939-1975. It also summarizes cultural and social developments in 20th century Spain, including influential artists like Picasso, Dali, and Gaudi as well as changes for women's rights since the end of Franco's regime.
The contemporany age
The document summarizes major historical events from the late 18th century to the early 21st century in Europe, including the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, World Wars I and II, and the formation of the European Union. It discusses the causes and impacts of these events, such as the introduction of liberalism after the French Revolution, the new social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution, and the devastation caused by World War I and World War II across Europe. Major Spanish historical figures and regimes are also mentioned, from King Fernando VII to the reign of Franco.
The age of revolutions ppt.pptx
The ppt on the age of revolutions includes information about American war of independence, American and french revolution.
Unit 7 modern
The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in Great Britain and spread to Europe, leading to faster production through inventions like the steam engine. This caused many people to move from rural areas to cities seeking work, resulting in overcrowding and poor working conditions. The French Revolution established France as a constitutional monarchy and had ripple effects felt throughout Europe including in Spain. In the 19th century Spain faced political instability, lost its colonies to independence movements, and its society changed with the emergence of social classes like the working proletariat that sought better wages and conditions.
Lesson 2 - Nineteenth_Century_as_Rizal’s_Context.pptx
This document provides an overview of influential historical events that shaped the 19th century, including:
- The Bourbon Reforms in Spain and their effects in the Philippines like promoting agriculture and administrative reforms.
- The American and French Revolutions gave rise to nationalism and the idea that loyalty is to one's nation rather than the king.
- The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread, transforming manufacturing through machines.
- Western imperialism spread ideas and knowledge but also relied on force to conquer other nations.
The French Revolution
The French Revolution lasted from 1789 to 1799, during which France transitioned from a monarchy ruled by King Louis XVI to a republic. This period saw some of the bloodiest events in European history. The revolution went through several different periods including a constitutional monarchy, the rule of Robespierre, the Directory, and Napoleon's rise as emperor. Napoleon's rule was eventually defeated and he was forced to abdicate in 1814.
French revolution
The French Revolution occurred from 1789-1815 and went through several stages: the National Assembly, Constitutional Monarchy, Reign of Terror under Robespierre, and the Directory. It was sparked by Enlightenment ideas, economic crisis, and influence of the American Revolution. Key events included the storming of the Bastille and execution of Louis XVI. Napoleon later rose to power as leader of the Consulate and First French Empire, though he was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815. The Congress of Vienna following Napoleon sought to restore the monarchies and balance of power in Europe to prevent further revolution.
3. Spain in the 19th century
A PowerPoint to help my 4th ESO students to understand what happened in Spain during the 19th century
4. The XIX Century
The document provides an overview of 19th century Spanish history, focusing on the Napoleonic Wars and their impact. Key events include:
- Napoleon Bonaparte controlling Western Europe and making Spain a satellite state, forcing the cession of Louisiana.
- The British naval victory over the French and Spanish at Trafalgar in 1805, which destroyed the Spanish navy.
- The Spanish War of Independence from 1808-1813, as Spain revolted against French domination under Napoleon.
- The liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812 and subsequent reaction under King Ferdinand VII.
- The loss of Spain's American colonies in the 1820s after Ferdinand's repressive policies alienated them.
- The
Neoplean
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts between 1799-1815 in which France, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, fought various European countries. Napoleon rose to power during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns. The wars involved nearly all European nations and changed the nature of warfare. They established France as the dominant military power on the continent until Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815.
French & Industrial Rev..pptx
The French Revolution was caused by growing social inequality, enlightenment ideas challenging the status quo, and economic troubles from taxation. France in the late 1700s still had a feudal social structure divided between clergy, nobles and peasants. The gap between rich and poor grew vast as new ideas of liberty, equality and democracy spread from the American Revolution and Enlightenment philosophers. Despite reform attempts, the system remained unstable until the revolution began in 1789. The revolution occurred in four stages, starting with overthrowing the absolute monarchy and establishing a constitutional monarchy, then becoming more radical as fears of counterrevolution grew, leading to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The revolution ultimately transformed France from a feud
The french revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. Enlightenment ideas spread and criticized the inefficiencies and abuses of the Old Regime. The Revolution was also caused by war debt from conflicts like the Seven Years' War and American Revolution, as well as food shortages and a heavy tax burden on peasants. The storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the Revolution. The monarchy was eventually overthrown and Louis XVI was executed in 1793. The radical Jacobins seized power and established a Reign of Terror to eliminate opposition, leading to thousands of deaths by guillotine. The Revolution established France as a secular,
satluj public School ppt template 1.pptx
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to growing social and economic inequality between the three estates in French society. When Louis XVI became king in 1774, he inherited an empty treasury and faced tremendous debt, requiring increased taxes that dissatisfied the people. The population grew but grain demand could not be met, leading to subsistence crises where basic livelihoods were threatened. Meanwhile, Enlightenment ideas about individual rights and equality spread among the growing middle class and further fueled discontent with the old regime. The revolution removed the monarchy and established a republic, but the period was marked by instability and violence until Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in 1799.
satluj public School ppt template 1.pptx
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to growing social and economic inequality between the three estates in French society. When Louis XVI became king in 1774, he inherited an empty treasury and faced tremendous debt, requiring increased taxes that dissatisfied the people. The population grew but grain demand could not be met, leading to subsistence crises where basic livelihoods were threatened. Revolutionary ideas spread among the growing middle class and unrest mounted. Women actively participated in the revolution and fought for equal political rights, though it took until 1946 to win the right to vote in France. Napoleon later crowned himself emperor in 1804 but was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.
The age of the liberal revolutions
The document provides an overview of the Age of Revolutions in Europe from the late 1700s through the early 1800s. It summarizes key events and developments including:
1) The causes of the French Revolution including debt, unfair taxation, Enlightenment ideas, and food shortages.
2) Major events of the French Revolution from the storming of the Bastille to the Reign of Terror and establishment of the Directory.
3) Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and establishment of the French Empire, his military conquests across Europe, and reforms in France before his eventual defeat.
4) The Congress of Vienna and restoration of absolutism following Napoleon, as well as the rise of
Similar to Area Social Science: Modern Spain part 1 (20)
Lesson 2 - Nineteenth_Century_as_Rizal’s_Context.pptx
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Unit 1 interaction no.1
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Magnetic separation uses magnetic properties to separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Decantation involves allowing substances of different densities to separate, then pouring off the lighter material. Filtration removes solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a permeable barrier. Evaporation and distillation both remove liquids from mixtures, with distillation collecting the evaporated liquid through condensation.
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Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states and undergo physical changes between these states with the addition or removal of heat. Matter is composed of either pure substances that have consistent properties, or mixtures that are combinations of substances that can be separated. Chemical changes alter the composition of matter and create new substances through reactions like combustion, oxidation, and fermentation.
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The respiratory system allows us to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. When we inhale, air enters through the nose and mouth into the trachea and bronchi, which divide into smaller bronchioles ending in alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood and passes back through the bronchioles and trachea when we exhale. Inhalation is driven by the diaphragm and ribs expanding the lungs, and exhalation occurs as they relax and the lungs contract.
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The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood received from the lungs through arteries and delivers it to tissues via capillaries, where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins to repeat circulation. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that aid circulation and defense.
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Energy comes from various sources including the sun, coal, oil, natural gas, uranium, wind, and water. It exists in different forms such as kinetic, potential, chemical, thermal, light, sound, electrical, nuclear, and gravitational. Energy sources are either renewable, coming from sources that replenish, like solar, wind, and hydropower, or non-renewable, from finite sources like coal, oil, and natural gas. While non-renewables are widely used, they cause pollution, global warming, and acid rain, harming health and the environment. Small steps like recycling, reusing, reducing waste, and conserving electricity can help protect the planet.
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Spain in the late 19th century vol.1
Spain experienced political instability in the late 19th century.
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This led to the establishment of Spain's first republic, but it only lasted 11 months as the country faced three simultaneous civil wars. In 1874, General Manuel Pavia staged a coup which ended the republic and restored the monarchy under King Alfonso XII.
Pregnancy and birth
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Industrial revolution
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2. The first steam engine was invented in 1776.
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Unit 1 the spanish empire
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Area Social Science: Modern Spain part 1
- 2. Unit 1 Modern Spain part 1
- 3. Timeline
- 4. Late Modern Period • The French Revolution of 1789 marked the beginning of the Late Modern Period, bringing new ideas and changes. • Industrial revolution had in Britain. (new social classes). • In Spain, the 19th and 20th centuries brought wars, the loss of its colonies and different forms of government ruled the country.
- 5. Why did the French Revolution happen?
- 6. The main cause of the French revolution The main cause of the french revolution was the big difference between the rich and the poor. The rich would tax the poor through heavy tax rates, and this lead to the poor people rebelling against them, and thus starting the French Revolution.
- 7. The central ideas of the French Revolution: liberty, equality and fraternity. • In the late 18th century, much of Europe was in crisis. The French King, Louis XVI, ruled as an absolute monarch. All power was concentrated in the king. There were huge social inequalities between the nobility and the ordinary people, who were extremely poor.
- 8. The French Revolution • On 14 July 1789 the people of Paris attacked the Bastille prison, a symbol of the French king´s power. The revolt spread from Paris to other parts of France. • Eventually the monarch was abolished and the King was killed 1793.
- 9. Napoleon Bonaparte Napolean was a famous military commander of the French Revolution. He became emperor of France in 1804. Napolean decided to invade Portugal, and after that he went on to conquer spain. This is what caused the “Spanish War of Independence”. Now investigate: How did Napoleon betray Spain?
- 10. The Invention of Spain • Napoleon wanted to establish a big empire that included other European countries. Spain was ruled by Carlos IV, but his prime minister, Manuel de Godoy, was really in control. In 1807 Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau with Godoy. • This allowed the French army to cross Spain to conquer Portugal. • But once the French army was there, Napoleon decided to conquer Spain as well.
- 11. Carlos IV • Carlos´s son, Fernando, who was opposed to the agreement, led the Mutiny of Aranjuez in 1808 against Godoy. If forced Carlos IV to abdicate in favour of his son who became King Fernando VII. Napoleon then forced Fernando abdicate and put his brother Joseph Bonaparte, on the throne of Spain.
- 12. Spanish War of Independence • The French army was occupying Spain after Napoleon decided to conquer the country. On 2 May 1808 there was a revolt in Madrid against the French. This was the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence.
- 13. Look at the painting 3rd of May 1808. Discuss with a partner what´s happening in the painting. • The French soldiers are… • The rebels are… • There are…
- 14. Goya: A reflection of the times • Francisco de Goya y Lucientes painetd throughout this period of change and revolution in Spain, so his paintings reflect what was happening at the time.
- 15. How did the events of the time affect Goya´s paintings? • When were Goya´s paintings more optimistic? • Search the internet for a painting by Goya which reflects society. Write a short text or comic about the scene represented and its main theme. Team work.
Editor's Notes
- 1). France originally signed an agreement with Spain, that allowed them to go through spain to conquer Portugal. This was agreed, however after they conquered Portugal France betrayed spain and subsequently (after that) invaded.
- Mutiny, revolt, riot