Interaction. Natural Science

1. INTERACTION
UNIT 1
NATURAL SCIENCE

2. •WHICH ARE THE FIVE SENSES?
•WHY ARE THEY SO IMPORTANT?
•WHERE DOES THE INFORMATION RECEIVED TRAVEL TO?
•WHY IS THE BRAIN SO IMPORTANT?
•WHICH KINDS/TYPES OF ACTIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE BRAIN?
SIGHT HEARING SMELL TASTE TOUCH
THEY ALLOW US TO INTERACT WITH THE WORLD AROUND US AND
DETECT/RECEIVE INFORMATION FROM THE EVIRONMENT
THE INFORMATION RECEIVED/DETECTED TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN
Because the brain analyses/processes this information and it sends an answer/reaction/response
It controls our involuntary actions (you can’t control such as breathing) as well as
voluntary actions such as thinking and decision making

3. HUMAN BEINGS
are living things
THEY PERFORM THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS
INTERACTION REPRODUCTIONNUTRITION
SEXUAL
(2 organisms:
male and
female)
ASEXUAL
(1 organism
is required)
5 senses
Nervous
System
Locomotor
system
Omnivore
Carnivore
Herbivore

4. INTERACTION
The locomotor system gives a specific
response to each stimulus
…we receive information through our 5
sense organs
The brain processes the information from our
senses and sends messages to different parts of
the body (nervous system)
It is a three-step process by which…
1st
3rd
2nd

5. THE SENSES: SIGHT
eyelid
lens
cornea
iris
eyelash
retina
Optic nervepupil
1st
1. The light enters our eyes through the cornea and pupil
2. The amount of light is controlled by the iris
3. The lens focuses/sends the light
to the back of the eye (retina)
4. The optic nerve sends the
information to hte brain.

6. Outer ear Inner ear
Middle
ear
Auditory nerve sends
the signals to the brain
AURICLE
The sound
waves enter
the Ear canal
or auditory
canal…
…and make the
Eardrum vibrates
The
vibrations
reach the
Cochlea and
turns them
into a
electrical
signal
Inside the ear canal you will find earwax
THE SENSES: hearing1st

7. SENSE ORGANS: SMELL and TASTE
The chemicals in
the air enter our
nose through
two holes called
NOSTRILS
They come into
contact with the
NERVE RECEPTORS
And send
the info to
the brain
through the
OLFACTORY
NERVE
Substances come
into contact with
our TONGUE
The tongue is covered by TASTE BUDS (detect
different tates and send the information to the brain)
1st
If you feel under the
weather, your nose
will probably be
blocked with snot

8. TASTE BUDS

9. SENSE ORGANS: SMELL AND TASTE
sour
sweet salty bitter
umami

10. SENSE ORGANS: TOUCH
DERMIS (middle layer
of the skin) contains
NERVES AND BLOOD
VESSELS (detect
sensations such as heat
or texture and send the
information to brain)
EPIDERMIS
(outer layer)
Types of textures:
smooth and rough,
hard and soft.
1st
The skin covers and protect our whole body

11. INTERACTION
The locomotor system gives a specific
response to each stimulus
…we receive information through our 5
sense organs
The brain processes the information from our
senses and sends messages to different parts of
the body (nervous system)
It is a three-step process by which…
1st
3rd
2nd

12. The NERVOUS SYSTEM2nd
One of these systems is the Nervous System
Perform/carry out

13. NERVOUS SYSTEM: functions
•The NERVOUS SYSTEM processes/analyses the
information from our senses and sends messages
from the brain to different parts of the body such
as the locomotor system.
This allows us to respond to the stimuli from our
senses
•The NERVOUS SYSTEM controls our internal
systems such as the digestive or respiratory system.
2nd

14. NERVOUS SYSTEM:
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD:
-Runs from the brain down our spine.
-Reflex actions
-Protected by the vertebrae
CEREBRUM:
-biggest part
-process info from the senses
-cognitive thinking
CEREBELLUM
control movement and
balance
BRAIN STEM:
involuntary actions
SKULL/CRA
NIUM
protects the
brain
Is made up of
2nd

15. ANALYSE AND ORGANISE
SPINAL CORD:
most important
NERVE
SPINE/BACKBONE:
PROTECTS the
Spinal Cord
ANALYSE AND ORGANISE:
key vocabulary

16. NERVOUS SYSTEM:
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
is made up of
NERVES
are made up of
TINY CELLS
CALLED
NEURONS
They transfer information through the
Nervous System using electrical
signals
Sensory neurons
(carry information from
our sense organs to the
brain)
Motor neurons
(send messages from
the brain to our
locomotor system)
2nd

17. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SENSORY NEURONS
(collect info from our senses)
MOTOR NEURONS
(send messages from our brain to our
locomotor system)

18. INTERACTION
The locomotor system gives a specific
response to each stimulus
…we receive information through our 5
sense organs
The brain processes the information from our
senses and sends messages to different parts of
the body (nervous system)
It is a three-step process by which…
1st
3rd
2nd

19. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
BONES
JOINTS
MUSCLES
They make
up our
skeleton.
Over 200
bones!
The place where
two bones meet
(se encuentran)
or they are
joined.
They allow us to
move, hold
objects... They can
contract and relax.
They are
controlled by the
Nervous System
3RD
Our body moves in response
to signals from our brain

20. The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS
Our skeleton protects the main organs of our
bodies.
My brain is protected by
my skull.
My heart and lungs
are protected by my
rib cage.

21. Our skeleton also
supports our bodies and
keeps them upright.
Without the
support of our
skeletons our bodies
would fall to the floor!
The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS

22. Our skeleton helps us to walk, run and
move. Our muscles are attached to our bones with
tendons. We can move because these tendons pull
our bones backwards and forwards.
The Skeleton: FUNCTIONS

23. The Skeleton: bones
LONG BONES
Such as femur and humerus.
They are in our limbs.
SHORT BONES
Such as our vertebrae.
FLAT BONES
Such as the parts of our
skull or our scapula.

24. The Skeleton
SKULL
CLAVICLE
SCAPULA
PELVIS
FEMU
R
PATELLA
TIBIA AND FIBULA
SPINERIB CAGE
HUMERUS
RADIUS AND ULNA
STERNUM

25. JOINTS
SHOULDERS
ELBOWS
WRISTS
ANKLES
KNEES
HIPS
FIXED JOINTS
They can’t move.
The parts of the skull.
SEMI-FLEXIBLE JOINTS
They allow a small amount
of movement.
Vertebrae in our spine.
FLEXIBLE JOINTS
They allow us to move.
Knees, shoulders, ankles…
Bones are connected at the joints by
strong elastic tissue called LIGAMENTS.

26. OVER 600 MUSCLES!
SKELETAL MUSCLES: VOLUNTARY
These muscles are joined to the bones by TENDONS
DELTOID
BICEPS
TRICEP
S
GLUTEUS
CALF
MUSCLES
QUADRICEPS
ABDOMINALS
SIX-PACK
PECTORAL
TRAPEZIUS
DORSAL
BICEPS
FEMORIS
FRONTAL MUSCLE

27. OVER 600 MUSCLES!
SMOOTH MUSCLES: They are
found in organs such as
intestines or stomach.
INVOLUNTARY muscles.
CARDIAC MUSCLE: Make up
the heart. INVOLUNTARY
muscles.

28. UNIT REVIEW