Análisis del reinado de los Reyes Católicos: modificaciones territoriales, unión dinástica, organización del Estado, política religiosa y política exterior
Los Reyes Católicos:
-Unión dinástica: la integración de las coronas de Castilla y Aragón.
-La conquista de Granada y la incorporación de Navarra.
-Política internacional.
-Organización política e instituciones.
Reinado de Carlos II, "el hechizado".
La endogamia practicada por la casa de Austria a lo largo de toda la Edad Moderna provocó inevitablemente la consanguineidad de la estirpe, desenlazando en el nacimiento en 1661 del príncipe Carlos, hijo de Felipe IV y heredero de los reinos.
Apodado en su época como "el hechizado" debido a sus fuertes ataques epilépticos, su imposibilidad para engendrar descendencia, sus múltiples dolencias y a la mala marcha de sus reinos; hoy en día el monarca es diagnosticado con el síndrome de Klinefeltes, una alteración genética provocada por la consanguineidad del 25% de su genoma.
Sin embargo, algunos historiadores como Ribot han asegurado que Carlos II no era "ni tan hechizado ni tan decadente". En efecto, no fue en absoluto peor rey que su padre y que su abuelo; y así mismo, demostró permanecer firme en cuestiones como la defensa de las colecciones reales ante la rapiña de Mariana de Neoburgo, o la elección sucesoria (anteponiendo los intereses de Estado a los dinásticos).
De la misma forma, a partir de 1677 el gobierno efectivo de los reinos estuvo en manos de personajes muy capacitados como Juan José de Austria, el (VIII) duque de Medinaceli o el conde de Oropesa, quienes realizaron las reformas que supondrían el inicio de la recuperación económica consolidada ya en época de los Borbones
CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 2
Early Globalization: The Atlantic
World, 1492–1650
Figure 2.1 After Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World, he sent letters home to Spain describing the
wonders he beheld. These letters were quickly circulated throughout Europe and translated into Italian, German, and
Latin. This woodcut is from the first Italian verse translation of the letter Columbus sent to the Spanish court after his
first voyage, Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati.
Chapter Outline
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Introduction
The story of the Atlantic World is the story of global migration, a migration driven in large part by the
actions and aspirations of the ruling heads of Europe. Columbus is hardly visible in this illustration of his
ships making landfall on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Figure 2.1). Instead, Ferdinand II of Spain (in
the foreground) sits on his throne and points toward Columbus’s landing. As the ships arrive, the Arawak
people tower over the Spanish, suggesting the native population density of the islands.
This historic moment in 1492 sparked new rivalries among European powers as they scrambled to create
New World colonies, fueled by the quest for wealth and power as well as by religious passions. Almost
continuous war resulted. Spain achieved early preeminence, creating a far-flung empire and growing
rich with treasures from the Americas. Native Americans who confronted the newcomers from Europe
suffered unprecedented losses of life, however, as previously unknown diseases sliced through their
populations. They also were victims of the arrogance of the Europeans, who viewed themselves as
uncontested masters of the New World, sent by God to bring Christianity to the “Indians.” The Spanish
enslaved Native Americans, forcing them to bring whatever gold could be found to fill Spanish coffers.
Chapter 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650 39
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the
Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
• Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of
Spain’s empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European
expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power.
This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of
globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first
came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous resu ...
Análisis del reinado de los Reyes Católicos: modificaciones territoriales, unión dinástica, organización del Estado, política religiosa y política exterior
Los Reyes Católicos:
-Unión dinástica: la integración de las coronas de Castilla y Aragón.
-La conquista de Granada y la incorporación de Navarra.
-Política internacional.
-Organización política e instituciones.
Reinado de Carlos II, "el hechizado".
La endogamia practicada por la casa de Austria a lo largo de toda la Edad Moderna provocó inevitablemente la consanguineidad de la estirpe, desenlazando en el nacimiento en 1661 del príncipe Carlos, hijo de Felipe IV y heredero de los reinos.
Apodado en su época como "el hechizado" debido a sus fuertes ataques epilépticos, su imposibilidad para engendrar descendencia, sus múltiples dolencias y a la mala marcha de sus reinos; hoy en día el monarca es diagnosticado con el síndrome de Klinefeltes, una alteración genética provocada por la consanguineidad del 25% de su genoma.
Sin embargo, algunos historiadores como Ribot han asegurado que Carlos II no era "ni tan hechizado ni tan decadente". En efecto, no fue en absoluto peor rey que su padre y que su abuelo; y así mismo, demostró permanecer firme en cuestiones como la defensa de las colecciones reales ante la rapiña de Mariana de Neoburgo, o la elección sucesoria (anteponiendo los intereses de Estado a los dinásticos).
De la misma forma, a partir de 1677 el gobierno efectivo de los reinos estuvo en manos de personajes muy capacitados como Juan José de Austria, el (VIII) duque de Medinaceli o el conde de Oropesa, quienes realizaron las reformas que supondrían el inicio de la recuperación económica consolidada ya en época de los Borbones
CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docxcravennichole326
CHAPTER 2
Early Globalization: The Atlantic
World, 1492–1650
Figure 2.1 After Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World, he sent letters home to Spain describing the
wonders he beheld. These letters were quickly circulated throughout Europe and translated into Italian, German, and
Latin. This woodcut is from the first Italian verse translation of the letter Columbus sent to the Spanish court after his
first voyage, Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati.
Chapter Outline
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Introduction
The story of the Atlantic World is the story of global migration, a migration driven in large part by the
actions and aspirations of the ruling heads of Europe. Columbus is hardly visible in this illustration of his
ships making landfall on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Figure 2.1). Instead, Ferdinand II of Spain (in
the foreground) sits on his throne and points toward Columbus’s landing. As the ships arrive, the Arawak
people tower over the Spanish, suggesting the native population density of the islands.
This historic moment in 1492 sparked new rivalries among European powers as they scrambled to create
New World colonies, fueled by the quest for wealth and power as well as by religious passions. Almost
continuous war resulted. Spain achieved early preeminence, creating a far-flung empire and growing
rich with treasures from the Americas. Native Americans who confronted the newcomers from Europe
suffered unprecedented losses of life, however, as previously unknown diseases sliced through their
populations. They also were victims of the arrogance of the Europeans, who viewed themselves as
uncontested masters of the New World, sent by God to bring Christianity to the “Indians.” The Spanish
enslaved Native Americans, forcing them to bring whatever gold could be found to fill Spanish coffers.
Chapter 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650 39
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the
Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
• Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of
Spain’s empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European
expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power.
This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of
globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first
came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous resu ...
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. Spain in the 15th and 16th
century
The Modern Ages
2. Timeline History
The Middle
Ages
The Modern
Age
The
Contemporary
Age
Today
Beginning: 1492 - Discovery of America
Ending: 1789 - French Revolution
3. Timeline History
The Middle
Ages
The Modern
Age
The
Contemporary
Age
Today
Beginning: 1492 - Discovery of America
Ending: 1789 - French Revolution
4. The Catholic Monarchs
● Fernando II and Isabel I
received from the Pope the title
of Catholic Monarchs after
reconquering Granada en 1492.
● They unified The Iberian
Peninsula.
● They imposed the Catholic
Religion in all the kingdom.
5. The Unification of Spain
● The Early Modern Age started in Spain with the marriage
of Fernando II and Isabel I.
● Later, the reconquest of Granada in 1492.
● Finally they expanded their territories by conquering the
Kingdom of Navarra and the Canary Islands.
6. REFORMS by the Monarchy of Spain
1. The Monarchy took control of the army, economy and
government.
2. Power was centralised. The Monarchy took privileges away
from the nobles and the clergy.
3. A strong, powerful and modern army was built in order to
fight for the country and control its economy.
4. There was an interest of expansion and exploration.
5. The SPANISH INQUISITION was established. They punished
those people who did not follow the rules established by
the Catholic Church.
8. Reconquest of the
Kingdom of Granada
● The Kingdom of
Granada was the
last Muslim Kingdom
in Spain.
● There was internal
disputes that
helped the
reconquest by the
Catholic Monarchs.
9. Discovery of
America
● The Catholic Monarchs
focused on
exploration.
● Isabel I and Fernando
II met Critóbal Colón
and they accepted his
proposal trip using a
new route to China
and India.
10. Intolerance
● Jews and Muslims lived with
Christians making important
contributions to Science, music
or literature.
● The Catholic Monarchs ordered
Jews and Muslims to convert to
Catholism. The Muslims converted
to the Catholic Religion were
called MORISCOS. Jews were
expelled from Spain during this
year by the Monarchs.
11. The Three Caravels
The Santa María, the Pinta and the Niña.
Christopher Columbus
An Italian navigator and explorer who
discovered America by chance. He thought
he had reached India. He died without
knowing that he was in a new continent.
12. The Discovery of
America
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator and explorer. He
wanted to find a new route to Asia
across the Atlantic Ocean.
The Catholic Monarchs
They agreed to finance their trip in
order to get gold, spices, silk,
spread the Christianity and later on
to lead an expedition to China
1st August 1492
The Three Caravels (the Santa María,
the Pinta and the Niña) left Palos
de la Frontera (Huelva)
12th October 1492
He arrived in Salvador, and island
in the Caribbean Sea.
14. Exchanging between America and Spain
IMPORT EXPORT
gold
silver
pumpkin
pineapple
peanuts
vanilla
turkey
tobacco
horses
honeybee
cereals
grape
banana
onion
gold
silver
The most important products that Spanish
expedition brought from America were silver and
gold.
15. New routes to Asia
The Caravels
were faster
ships than
others because
they were
lighter and
smaller.
Map of the voyages made by Spaniards.
17. Antonio Nebrija wrote the first
Spanish Grammar Book in 1492
Christopher Columbus in Barcelona.
El Monasterio
del Escorial was
commissioned by
Felipe II.
19. The Empire of Carlos I
● Carlos I or Carlos V of Germany became king in 1516.
● He was the first Spanish King of the Habsburg Dynasty.
● He ruled over a great empire, which includes Spain and
territories in America.
● He also inherited the German Empire from his father’s family.
● When he died, he divided his empire into two kingdoms and gave
them to...
○ Fernando (his brother) - The German Empire
○ Felipe II (his son) - The Spanish Empire that includes Spain
and the Netherlands.
20. The Empire of Felipe II
● Felipe II became king in 1556.
● He established his permanent residence in Madrid in 1561.
● The Spanish empire expanded under his reign, especially in
America.
● He conquered Portugal in 1580, which meant to control the
Iberian Peninsula and also ruled the Portuguese territories in
Africa, America and Asia.
● The Battle of Lepanto in 1571, stopping the Turkish Empire.
● His reign was a period of a lot of conflicts and wars. These
battles were too expensive, so the king had to use gold and
silver from America to pay for them. Spanish population became
poorer.