This document discusses leadership, including its definition as influencing others towards accomplishing goals, important aspects of leadership such as motivating employees and developing teamwork, effective leadership qualities like honesty and effective communication, and different leadership styles such as autocratic, participative, and laissez-faire. It also covers theories of leadership including trait, behavioral, situational, and the Managerial Grid model analyzing concern for production versus concern for people.

1. LEADERSHIP
Leadership is the process of influencing
the behavior of others towards the
accomplishment of goals in a given
situation

2. Importance of leadership
• Motivating employees
• Leader develops team work
• Better utilization of manpower
• Creating confidence to followers
• Directing group activities
• Building morale
• Maintaining discipline

3. Effective leadership quality
• Honesty
• Confidence
• Patience
• Focus
• Dedication
• Consistency
• Motivate others
• Effective communication
• Multiplicity roles
• Personal dignity

4. Leadership styles
• The behavior exhibited by a leader during
supervision of followers is known as
leadership style
• Classification
– Autocratic or dictatorial leadership
– Participative or Democratic leadership
– Laissez-faire or free rein leadership

5. Autocratic or dictatorial leadership
• In this leadership, the leader takes all decisions
by him without consulting subordinate.
• Full authority is held himself alone.
• The subordinate have to follow his direction
without any questions
• The leader uses threats and punishments to get
work from the subordinates

6. Participative or Democratic leadership
• In this type of leadership, the subordinate are
consulted and their feedback is taken into
decision making process
• Decision are taken after group discussion
• He provides freedom of thinking and
expression.

7. Laissez-faire or free rein leadership
• In this type, a complete freedom is given to
the subordinates so that they plan, motivate,
control and otherwise be responsible for their
own actions.
• Leaders does not take a part in decision
making process.
• The authority is completely decentralized.

8. Theories of leadership
• Trait approaches to leadership
• Behavioral theory of leadership
• Situational or contingency approaches to
leadership

9. Trait Theories
• What characteristics or traits make a person a leader?
• Great Man Theory: Individuals are born either with or without
the necessary traits for leadership
• Trait theories of leadership sought personality, social, physical
or intellectual traits that differentiate leaders from non
leaders
• Trait view has little analytical or predictive value
• Technical, conceptual and human skills (Katz 1974)

10. Behavioral Theories
• Ohio state studies: initiating structure (task or goal
orientation) vs consideration (recognition of individual needs
and relationships)
• University of Michigan studies: Employee oriented ( genuine
concern for people) vs production oriented genuine concern
for task)

11. The Managerial Grid
1,9
Country club management
Thoughtful attention needs of people
for satisfying relationships leads to
A comfortable, friendly organization
atmosphere and work tempo
9,9
Team management
Work accomplishment is from
committed people, interdependence
through a “common stake” in organization
purpose leads to relationship
of trust and respect
1,1
Impoverished Management
Exertion of minimum effort to get
required work done is appropriate
to sustain organization membership
5,5
Organization Man Management
Adequate organization performance
possible through balancing the necessity to
get out work with maintaining
morale of the people at a satisfactory level
9,1
Authority-Obedience
Efficiency in operations results
from arranging conditions of
work in such a way that human
elements interfere to a minimal degree
1
2
3 4 5 6 9
8
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Concern for production
Low High
Low
High
Concern
for
people