leadership

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leadershipPresented By ;
Iqra Ahsan

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What is leadership?
leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act
towards achieving a common goal.
Leadership is a process of influencing others to attain goal.
-Little Field
“Leadership is like a beauty;
It’s hard to define, but you
know it when you see it.”

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Leadership theories
 Trait theory
 Behavioral theory
 Contingency theory
 Fiedler’s Model
 Situational leadership theory
 Path goal theory

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Trait Theories
 Theories that consider personality, social, physical, or
intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from nonleaders.
 Traits of an effective leader
 Emotional stability
 Dominance. ...
 Enthusiasm. ...
 Conscientiousness. ...
 Social boldness. ...
 Tough-mindedness. ...
 Self-assurance. ...
 Compulsiveness

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Behavioral Theories
 Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders
from nonleaders.
 The behavior approach says that anyone who adopts the
appropriate behavior can be a good leader.
Trait theory:
Leaders are
born, not made.
Behavioral
theory:
Leadership traits
can be taught.

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Contingency Theories
 While trait and behavior theories do help us understand
leadership, an important component is missing: the
environment in which the leader exist.
 Contingency theory deals with this additional aspect of
leadership effectiveness studies.
 Three key models
 Fiedler's model
 Situational theory
 Path goal theory

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Fiedler’s Model
Assumes that personal leadership styles can be:
 Task-motivated
Task leaders are primarily concerned with attaining a goal
 Relationship motivated
Relationship leaders are concerned with developing close interpersonal
relations
 This leadership style can be determined by taking the LPC.
 Fiedler has identified 3 situational dimensions:
 Leader-Member Relations
 Task Structure
 Position Power

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Situational leadership theory
 The situational leadership theory refers to those leaders who
adopt different leadership styles according to the situation and
the development level of their team members.
 Four leadership levels
1. Telling (S1)
2. Selling (S2)
3. Participating (S3)
4. Delegating (S4)

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Situational leadership theory

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Path Goal Theory
 Path Goal Theory states that the leader is responsible for
providing followers with the information, support, or other
resources necessary to achieve their goals.
 Leader behavior

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Leadership styles
 8 leadership styles
 Transformational leadership
 Transactional leadership
 Servant leadership
 Autocratic leadership
 Laissez-faire leadership
 Democratic leadership
 Bureaucratic leadership
 Charismatic leadership

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Leadership styles
 Transformational leadership
A leader works with subordinates to identify needed change,
creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executing
the change in tandem with committed members of a group.
 Transactional leadership
Style of leadership that is based on the setting of clear objectives
and goals for the followers as well as the use of either punishments or
rewards in order to encourage compliance with these goals.

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Leadership styles
• Servant leadership
People who practice servant leadership prefer power-sharing
models of authority, prioritizing the needs of their team and
encouraging collective decision-making.
• Autocratic leadership
 Also known as Authoritarian
 Given the power to make decisions alone, having total authority.
 Closely supervises and controls people when they perform certain
tasks.

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Autocratic leadership
• Example
One person has control
over all of the workers or
followers. Hitler is in
complete control and no
one is permitted to make
any suggestions or offer
any opinions, no matter
how it may benefit the
group.

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Leadership styles
• Democratic leadership
 Also known as Participative
 Includes one or more people in the decision making process of
determining what to do and how to do it.
 Maintains the final decision making authority.
 In an autocratic leadership, the leader might say, ‘I want both of
you toward on X project’, but, in a democratic leadership, the
same leader would say, ‘Let’s work on the X project together’

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Laissez-faire is a French phrase
meaning “let do”
In this style, the leader allows
the people to make their own
decisions.
However, the leader is still
responsible for the decisions
that are made.
This style allows greater
freedom and responsibility. You
need competent people
around you.
Laissez-faire
leadership

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Leadership styles
Bureaucratic leadership
Bureaucratic leadership is
where the manager
manages "by the book¨
Everything must be done
according to procedure or
policy.
This manager is really more
of a police officer than a
leader.

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Leadership styles
Charismatic leadership
Leads by creating energy
and eagerness in people.
Leader is well liked and
inspires people.
Appeals to people’s
emotional side.

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Conclusion
 No leadership style is best.
 Different situation demands different leadership style
 But, a leader who is the best for us ever

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The best leader of the world......
 PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) AS UNIVERSAL LEADER
1. Confidence to Succeed
2. Clear Vision and Mission
3. Brainstorming
4. Discussion
5. Planning
6. Strong Leadership
7. Intelligence
8. Team Work
9. Communication
10. Participate in Joy and Sorrow
11. Good Administration
12. Pray
13. Smile

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