Followers will never know how hard the leader tries to create path.

1. LEADERSHIP
Prepared by:
Ms. Hemangi
Assistant lecturer
Apollo Institute of Nursing

2. INTRODUCTION
•Leadership is the art to getting others to want
to do something you are convinced should be
done.
•Lead means to go and leadership is the activity
of influencing people to strive willingly for
group objectives.

3. DEFINITION
•Leadership may be defined as the
process of influencing the activities of a
group or individual towards the
achievement of goal in a given situation.
•A leader tries to influence the followers or
group of people, so that the purpose and
the objective of organization can be
fulfilled.

4. •The influence of leader was traditionally flow
from leader towards followers.
Followers Leader

5. •As the situation of this nature occurs when
nursing administration gets work done from
head nurse supervises the staff nurses.
•At that time, influence is exercised by the
leader on the followers. But more recently, it
has been recognized that the flow of influence
is not only from the top down but also from
bottom up.
FollowersLeader

6. • The influence or interaction between leader and
followers occur within the context of a particular
situation.
• The followers informal organization, may have
substantial influence on leaders. At the same time,
leaders too have a substantial influence on them.
• E.g., A leader closely supervises those clinical nurses
who are not doing well. By their performance, the
clinical nurses are influencing the head nurse
behavior.
FollowersLeader

7. Functions of leader
•Development of teamwork and a congenital
work climate conductive to efficient
performance.
•Serving as a link between the group and the
top management.
•Counselling and guidance to the member of
the group.
•Ensuring timeliness in performance or time
management is an other function of
leadership.

8. •Judicious use of authority to stimulate
positive interactions and response from
the group team members.
•Gaining maximum contribution from
group members towards goal fulfilment
through participative decision making,
improved efficiency of the competent
personnel of delegation, provision of
adequate resources and effective
communication.

9. LEADERSHIP STYLES
Leadership styles
Autocratic
or
directive
Abdicatric
or laissez
faire
Participative
style
Democratic
or
creative

10. Autocratic style
• In this style, leader takes all decisions and
assigns all responsibilities to himself, he is firm,
insistent, self assured and dominating.
• The subordinates are made aware of what to do,
but not why.
• The leader sets goal and expects them to accept
along with his/her method of achieving them.
• This type of leadership is useful in case of
emergency when the leader has to take immediate
action.

11. AL
S S S S S S
AL: Autocratic leader
S: Subordinate

12. •In autocratic style, leader is characterized
by the following behaviour;
Strong control is maintained over the
group.
Others are motivated by coercion.
Communication flows downward.
Decision making does not involve
others.
Emphasis on difference and status.
Criticism is punitive.

13. Democratic style
• In this style, the leader values the individual
characteristics and ability of each sub-ordinate and
catalyst for a group decision making and shared
responsibilities.
• This style is a people centered approach and allow
greater individual participation in decision making
process.
• It is creative leadership, leader delegates certain amount
of authority to subordinate.

14. DL
S S S S S S
DL: Democratic leader
S: Subordinate

15. • In democratic style, leader exhibits following
behaviour.
Less control is maintained.
Economic awards are used to motivate.
Communication flows up to down.
Decision making involves others.
Emphasis in ‘we’ rather than I and ‘you’
Criticism is constructive.

16. Participative style
• The participative style of leadership is a compromise
between autocratic and democratic style.
• In this style, the manager presents her/his analysis of
problem and proposals for action to employees,
inviting their criticism and comments.
• Having weighed the subordinates “responses”, the
manager makes final decision about the group future
activities.

17. Advantages:
• It is a successful style of leadership because it is based
on positive assumption about human being.
• It encourages cooperative spirit and development of
subordinates for better performance of their work.
• Participative in decision making will lead to better
leader subordinate relationship and also secure job
satisfaction.

18. Abdicatric OR Laissez faire
• This style is also referred as freedom style.
• This type of leader denies responsibility and
abdicate authority to the group i.e., the leaders leave
all decision making and responsibilities to the
group.
• Leader chooses not to adopt a leadership role and
actually abdicate the leadership position.

19. • This may be due to lack of self confidence and fear
of failure.
• This style will be effective where subordinates are
highly motivated and experienced.

20. LFL
S S S S S S
LFL: Laissez Faire Leader
S: Subordinate

21. 0

22. Leadership theories
Leadership
theories
Scientific leaders/
Manager style
theory
Situational
Leadership style
theory

23. Scientific leaders/ Manager style
theory
• This theory was developed by Fredrick Winstow
Taylor (1856-1915).
• In 1911, he emphasized technology as the basis of
increasing productivity.
• He introduced time and motion theory to analyze task
based on the belief that improving the performance of
task would improve the efficiency of the organization.

24. • He relied on scientific study of time and movement
spent and used for job to improve the performance of
the worker and recommended careful selection and
training of worker, who could meet the established
work standard.

25. Situational leadership style theory
• This situational leadership is comprised of the style of
leader needed in a particular situation and the maturity
of the employees.
• In this approach, a leader is the product of given
situation and the behaviour may intact, vary from one
situation to another.
• According to this theory, we can find five kinds of
leaders.

26. Natural
leaders
Charismatic
leaders
Rational
leaders
Consensus
leaders
Leader by
force

27. Natural leaders
• Here the person becomes a leader inspite of himself.
• He does not seek the role.
• It is trusted upon him by the group and by tide of
event.
• Natural leaders have innate quality of leadership and
can practice this quality anywhere anytime.

28. Charismatic leaders
• Person is an authentic hero in the eyes of his followers
for he is assumed to do no wrong.
• He makes his followers easily by impressing them
with his leadership qualities.

29. Rational leaders
• Here the person is consistent and persistent. But work
always with the underlying rational by using analytical
thinking and judgement.
Consensus leaders
• This leader is perceived as acceptable to all. All the
subordinates like the leader and this leader is selected
by voting system among employees.

30. Leader by force
• Leader who becomes leader by force by either
threatening people or by using any kind of force or
power.

31. Techniques of
effective
leadership in
nursing

32. Techniques of effective leadership in
nursing (POP CE GD)
Techniques
Planning
&
Organizing
Encouraging
participation
Co-operative
& Co-
ordination
Effective
communication
Guidance
Division of
labour

33. Planning and organizing
• These are the foremost principles of administration
and very important for effective leadership.
• For the nurse at every level, it is important to plan and
organize the work schedule according to availability of
personnel and material.

34. Encouraging participation
• The effective leader, first identifies the individual
capabilities of subordinates and then provide
opportunity to them to participate in decision
making.

35. Co-operative & Co-ordination
• As a part of effective leadership, co-operation and co-
ordination among the leader and employees is
essential.
• If the leader keeps the group informed about various
ward and hospital activities, subordinates feel satisfied
and group will co-operate with the leader.

36. Effective communication
• It is important for a leader to have idea about what she
wants to say and how they say.
• Good communication is needed for understanding,
cooperation and unified action.

37. Guidance
• Negative criticism should be avoided.
• Proper teaching and guidance with counselling will
help the group to accomplish their objectives.
• Guidance by leader helps to direct the group to a
particular direction towards organizational goals.

38. Division of labour
• The work assigned to subordinate must be defined and
should be recorded because clear cut direction by the
nurse leader enables the subordinate to function
properly and division of labour reduces workload and
work stress on the employees.

39. QUALITIES
OF GOOD
LEADER

40. QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADER
• Effective leadership requires good leaders. The good
leader has both personal as well as required qualities.
1. Personal qualities: Honesty, ability to cooperate,
ability to attract, motivate, integrity.
2. Initiative qualities: Willing to come forward to help
and assist, self confidence, courage.
3. Technical mastery: Expert knowledge and expertise
to work.

41. 4. Teaching abilities
5. Administrative abilities: To manage, organize and
coordinate.
6. Intellectual skill
7. Emotional control
8. Enthusiasm
9. Ability to win with loyalty and support of others.
10. Helping the individual to grow

42. 11. Awareness of responsibilities and
accountability
12. Knowledge of his strengths and
limitations

43. Characteristics of a good leader
• He or she is permissive with little or no control.
• Motivate by support when requested by the group or individual.
• Little or no direction is provided.
• Communication is between members of group and upward &
downward.
• Decision making is dispread throughout the group.
• Emphasis on the group
• Criticism not given.

45. LEADERSHIP SKILLS
Leadership
skills
Personal
Behaviour
Self
Awareness
Organization
Communication

46. Skills of personal behaviour
• Is sensitive to feeling of group.
• Identifies self with the need of the group.
• Does not ridicule, or criticize others suggestions.
• Helps others feel important and needed.

47. Skills of communication
• Listens attentively.
• Makes sure every one understands what is needed
and reason, why.
• Recognizes that every one’s contribution is
important.

48. Skills to organize
The effective leader helps the group to:
• Develop long and short-term objectives.
• Break up big problems into small one and then solve.
• Share responsibilities and opportunities.
• Plan, act, follow up and evaluate.
• Be attentive to details.

49. Skills of Self awareness
• Is self aware of personal motivation.
• Is aware of group members, their qualities,
limitations, needs.
• Help the group to be aware of their attitudes and
values.