Unit 4 Oxford 6th grade. Matter, types of matter, changes of matter, physical changes and chemical changes: oxidation, combustion, fermentation. Types of mixtures, separation of mixtures.
The document discusses different types of mixtures and substances including elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions. It also covers various separation techniques like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and provides examples of each. Finally, it reviews chemical and physical properties and gives examples of evidence of chemical changes.
Separation of substances class 9 - khushali thackerSourabh Soni
IS THE MATTER PURE AROUND US ?
When two or more elements and compounds mix together,
and do not interact chemically, then the resulting substance is
known as a mixture.
This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures:
1) Magnetic separation uses magnets to separate mixtures containing ferromagnetic substances like iron from other substances.
2) Decantation separates heterogeneous mixtures into layers by taking advantage of differences in density, such as separating oil and water.
3) Filtration uses filters to separate solids from liquids, such as removing coffee grounds from coffee.
4) Evaporation boils off and removes liquids from mixtures by heating, such as using evaporation ponds to produce salt from seawater.
5) Distillation separates homogeneous mixtures into their component liquids based on differences in boiling points, such as separating ethanol from water.
This document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines pure substances as elements or compounds that consist of a single type of matter, while mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing substances mixed uniformly, or heterogeneous, containing visible particles that can be separated. The document also discusses various techniques for separating components of mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, distillation and crystallization.
The document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines a pure substance as having a definite and invariable composition, while an impure substance is a mixture of elements or compounds. Mixtures are heterogeneous combinations whose components can be separated using physical processes. The document describes various types of mixtures like solutions, suspensions, and colloids, providing examples of each. It also discusses methods to separate components of different mixtures.
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
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Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. There are three main types of matter based on physical state: solids, liquids, and gases. Matter can also be classified as pure substances or mixtures.
A pure substance contains only one type of atom or molecule and has uniform composition and predictable properties like melting/boiling points. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined, and can be either homogeneous like solutions, or heterogeneous like suspensions.
The document then discusses various pure substances and mixtures in more detail, including their properties and examples. It also explains
The document discusses different types of mixtures and substances including elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions. It also covers various separation techniques like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and provides examples of each. Finally, it reviews chemical and physical properties and gives examples of evidence of chemical changes.
Separation of substances class 9 - khushali thackerSourabh Soni
IS THE MATTER PURE AROUND US ?
When two or more elements and compounds mix together,
and do not interact chemically, then the resulting substance is
known as a mixture.
This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures:
1) Magnetic separation uses magnets to separate mixtures containing ferromagnetic substances like iron from other substances.
2) Decantation separates heterogeneous mixtures into layers by taking advantage of differences in density, such as separating oil and water.
3) Filtration uses filters to separate solids from liquids, such as removing coffee grounds from coffee.
4) Evaporation boils off and removes liquids from mixtures by heating, such as using evaporation ponds to produce salt from seawater.
5) Distillation separates homogeneous mixtures into their component liquids based on differences in boiling points, such as separating ethanol from water.
This document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines pure substances as elements or compounds that consist of a single type of matter, while mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing substances mixed uniformly, or heterogeneous, containing visible particles that can be separated. The document also discusses various techniques for separating components of mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, distillation and crystallization.
The document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines a pure substance as having a definite and invariable composition, while an impure substance is a mixture of elements or compounds. Mixtures are heterogeneous combinations whose components can be separated using physical processes. The document describes various types of mixtures like solutions, suspensions, and colloids, providing examples of each. It also discusses methods to separate components of different mixtures.
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. There are three main types of matter based on physical state: solids, liquids, and gases. Matter can also be classified as pure substances or mixtures.
A pure substance contains only one type of atom or molecule and has uniform composition and predictable properties like melting/boiling points. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined, and can be either homogeneous like solutions, or heterogeneous like suspensions.
The document then discusses various pure substances and mixtures in more detail, including their properties and examples. It also explains
This document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It begins by classifying matter into pure substances and mixtures based on chemical composition. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It then defines pure substances and mixtures, and describes their distinguishing properties. The document also discusses different types of mixtures like solutions, colloids, and suspensions. It provides examples and properties of each type. Various techniques for separating components of mixtures are also outlined.
This document discusses the differences between pure substances, mixtures, and the various types of mixtures. It defines pure substances as homogeneous materials with a definite chemical composition, while mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures whose composition can vary, while suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures. Several methods for separating mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, and chromatography are also summarized.
This document contains questions and answers about mixtures and solutions. It discusses key concepts like saturated vs unsaturated solutions, solute and solvent identification, and properties of mixtures like colloids and suspensions. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like Tyndall effect, separating mixtures using a separating funnel, and classifying mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Fifteen questions in total are asked and answered about pure substances, solutions, and properties that can be used to characterize different types of mixtures.
Notes main points FROM THE CHAPTER IS MATTER AREOUND US PUREthesaver
1. Matter can exist as pure substances, mixtures, or compounds. Pure substances are either elements or compounds that have a uniform composition. Mixtures are combinations of substances that retain their individual chemical identities.
2. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with a uniform composition, or heterogeneous, with a non-uniform composition. Common homogeneous mixtures include solutions and alloys. Common heterogeneous mixtures include mixtures of sand and sugar.
3. There are various techniques that can be used to separate mixtures into their individual components, including filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, distillation, crystallization, and more. The appropriate separation technique depends on the types of substances involved.
Important questions CLASS 9 IS MATTER AROUND US PUREthesaver
This document discusses questions related to pure substances and mixtures. It provides answers to questions about classifying mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous, identifying solutions, distinguishing between physical and chemical changes, and techniques for separating mixtures like distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and centrifugation. Key topics covered include properties of pure substances and mixtures, types of mixtures, solubility and saturation, and separation methods for mixtures and solutions.
This document defines pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is homogeneous and has definite properties, while a mixture contains two or more substances mixed together without chemical change. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where particle size is molecular. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where particle size is larger, allowing settling. Colloids have intermediate particle sizes that do not settle. The document discusses types of mixtures and their distinguishing characteristics.
hello friends this is dattatreya and team.so we all did research on the 2nd chapter of chemistry that is "is matter around us pure so hope you like it and please download it....
The document discusses various types of mixtures including solutions, suspensions, and colloids. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, and discusses solvents, solutes, and concentration. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where particles do not dissolve. Colloids have small undissolved particles that scatter light, exhibiting the Tyndall effect. Methods for separating mixtures include filtration, crystallization, centrifugation, chromatography, and distillation. Physical changes involve state changes without composition changes, while chemical changes alter the composition.
This document discusses different ways to separate mixtures into their pure substances. It describes various separation techniques including filtration, sifting, extraction, evaporation, and chromatography. These methods allow mixtures to be broken down into their fundamental components through physical processes like dissolving, filtering, and evaporating solvents.
This document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It defines pure substances as being made of a single type of matter, either an element or compound. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together physically. Pure substances are classified as elements, which cannot be broken down further, or compounds, which contain two or more elements chemically bonded. Mixtures include homogeneous mixtures, where the composition is uniform, and heterogeneous mixtures where it is not. The properties and examples of each type of pure substance and mixture are described.
The document discusses matter composition and classifying different types of mixtures and pure substances. It provides information on homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and defines key types of mixtures including solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that are uniform throughout, while suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures with undissolved particles that are respectively either large enough to settle or small enough to remain dispersed.
There are two main classifications of matter: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are either elements, which cannot be broken down further, or compounds, which contain two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the components are uniformly distributed and not visible to the eye, like solutions, or heterogeneous, where the different components are visible in multiple phases like suspensions, emulsions, and colloids.
This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including magnetism, filtration, sieving, extraction, evaporation, distillation, and sedimentation. It provides examples of how each method can be used to separate common mixtures like sand and water, nails and wood chips, coffee beans and grounds. The key methods are using magnetic, physical, or chemical properties to differentiate components, then employing tools like filters, sieves, solvents, heat, or settling to complete the separation.
This document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines pure substances as consisting of a single element or compound, while mixtures contain two or more substances. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing substances uniformly mixed on a microscopic scale, or heterogeneous, where the composition varies visibly. The document outlines techniques for separating mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, filtration and distillation. It also defines concepts like solutions, suspensions, saturation and concentration.
New microsoft office power point presentationlekshmias2010
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, or gas. Pure substances have a fixed composition while mixtures contain two or more types of matter that can be physically separated. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with uniform properties throughout, or heterogeneous, having different properties in different areas. Common examples are salt water (homogeneous) and sand and water (heterogeneous). Mixtures can be separated using physical processes like filtration, evaporation, or magnetism depending on the types of materials involved. Compounds differ from mixtures in that they are pure substances whose components combine chemically rather than physically and have different properties from their constituent elements.
This document provides an overview of different types of matter and their properties. It discusses pure substances such as elements and compounds, as well as mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties like density, melting point, and viscosity are covered. Separation techniques including distillation, filtration, and evaporation are also explained. The document concludes with a discussion of chemical properties like reactivity and evidence of chemical changes through color change, gas production, or temperature change.
This document discusses various physical separation techniques including magnetism, simple distillation, hand separation, filtration, sifting or sieving, evaporation, and chromatography. It provides examples of how each technique can be used to separate different mixtures, such as using a magnet to separate nails from wood chips, distilling water from a saltwater solution, sifting sand from pebbles, and using chromatography paper to separate ink into its original components. The key idea is that physical separation techniques separate mixtures into their original pure substances without chemical changes through methods like filtration, evaporation, magnetic attraction, or passing through columns.
Here are the types of mixtures for the given examples:
1. Sugar dissolved in water - Solution
2. Mixture of ethyl alcohol and water - Solution
3. Mixture of salt and sand - Heterogeneous mixture (Mechanical mixture)
4. Iron filings, mongo seeds and salt mixture - Heterogeneous mixture (Mechanical mixture)
The first two examples involve dissolving of substances and forming a homogeneous mixture at the molecular level, so they are solutions.
The last two examples involve mechanical mixing of substances without dissolving and remaining as distinguishable parts, so they are heterogeneous mixtures.
Mixtures
Pure substance :
It is the substance that is made of only one type of identical particles.
Mixture :
It is the substance that consists of more than one type of particles.
PS CH 10 matter properties and changes editedEsther Herrera
The document discusses the properties and types of matter, including the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), mixtures and their separation, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, and the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions as they relate to matter and chemical reactions. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are combinations of two or more elements that have properties different from their component elements. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Class 9th Chapter 2 Is matter around us pure-1.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
This document discusses the composition and properties of different types of mixtures, including pure substances, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. It explains that mixtures are composed of two or more pure substances, and describes various physical separation methods that can be used to separate the components of mixtures, such as evaporation, filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, distillation, sublimation, and crystallization. Common examples of mixtures and applications of different separation techniques are provided.
This document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It begins by classifying matter into pure substances and mixtures based on chemical composition. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It then defines pure substances and mixtures, and describes their distinguishing properties. The document also discusses different types of mixtures like solutions, colloids, and suspensions. It provides examples and properties of each type. Various techniques for separating components of mixtures are also outlined.
This document discusses the differences between pure substances, mixtures, and the various types of mixtures. It defines pure substances as homogeneous materials with a definite chemical composition, while mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures whose composition can vary, while suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures. Several methods for separating mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, and chromatography are also summarized.
This document contains questions and answers about mixtures and solutions. It discusses key concepts like saturated vs unsaturated solutions, solute and solvent identification, and properties of mixtures like colloids and suspensions. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like Tyndall effect, separating mixtures using a separating funnel, and classifying mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Fifteen questions in total are asked and answered about pure substances, solutions, and properties that can be used to characterize different types of mixtures.
Notes main points FROM THE CHAPTER IS MATTER AREOUND US PUREthesaver
1. Matter can exist as pure substances, mixtures, or compounds. Pure substances are either elements or compounds that have a uniform composition. Mixtures are combinations of substances that retain their individual chemical identities.
2. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with a uniform composition, or heterogeneous, with a non-uniform composition. Common homogeneous mixtures include solutions and alloys. Common heterogeneous mixtures include mixtures of sand and sugar.
3. There are various techniques that can be used to separate mixtures into their individual components, including filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, distillation, crystallization, and more. The appropriate separation technique depends on the types of substances involved.
Important questions CLASS 9 IS MATTER AROUND US PUREthesaver
This document discusses questions related to pure substances and mixtures. It provides answers to questions about classifying mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous, identifying solutions, distinguishing between physical and chemical changes, and techniques for separating mixtures like distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and centrifugation. Key topics covered include properties of pure substances and mixtures, types of mixtures, solubility and saturation, and separation methods for mixtures and solutions.
This document defines pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is homogeneous and has definite properties, while a mixture contains two or more substances mixed together without chemical change. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where particle size is molecular. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where particle size is larger, allowing settling. Colloids have intermediate particle sizes that do not settle. The document discusses types of mixtures and their distinguishing characteristics.
hello friends this is dattatreya and team.so we all did research on the 2nd chapter of chemistry that is "is matter around us pure so hope you like it and please download it....
The document discusses various types of mixtures including solutions, suspensions, and colloids. It defines a solution as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, and discusses solvents, solutes, and concentration. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where particles do not dissolve. Colloids have small undissolved particles that scatter light, exhibiting the Tyndall effect. Methods for separating mixtures include filtration, crystallization, centrifugation, chromatography, and distillation. Physical changes involve state changes without composition changes, while chemical changes alter the composition.
This document discusses different ways to separate mixtures into their pure substances. It describes various separation techniques including filtration, sifting, extraction, evaporation, and chromatography. These methods allow mixtures to be broken down into their fundamental components through physical processes like dissolving, filtering, and evaporating solvents.
This document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It defines pure substances as being made of a single type of matter, either an element or compound. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together physically. Pure substances are classified as elements, which cannot be broken down further, or compounds, which contain two or more elements chemically bonded. Mixtures include homogeneous mixtures, where the composition is uniform, and heterogeneous mixtures where it is not. The properties and examples of each type of pure substance and mixture are described.
The document discusses matter composition and classifying different types of mixtures and pure substances. It provides information on homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and defines key types of mixtures including solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that are uniform throughout, while suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous mixtures with undissolved particles that are respectively either large enough to settle or small enough to remain dispersed.
There are two main classifications of matter: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are either elements, which cannot be broken down further, or compounds, which contain two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the components are uniformly distributed and not visible to the eye, like solutions, or heterogeneous, where the different components are visible in multiple phases like suspensions, emulsions, and colloids.
This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including magnetism, filtration, sieving, extraction, evaporation, distillation, and sedimentation. It provides examples of how each method can be used to separate common mixtures like sand and water, nails and wood chips, coffee beans and grounds. The key methods are using magnetic, physical, or chemical properties to differentiate components, then employing tools like filters, sieves, solvents, heat, or settling to complete the separation.
This document discusses the classification and properties of pure substances and mixtures. It defines pure substances as consisting of a single element or compound, while mixtures contain two or more substances. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing substances uniformly mixed on a microscopic scale, or heterogeneous, where the composition varies visibly. The document outlines techniques for separating mixtures like evaporation, centrifugation, filtration and distillation. It also defines concepts like solutions, suspensions, saturation and concentration.
New microsoft office power point presentationlekshmias2010
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, or gas. Pure substances have a fixed composition while mixtures contain two or more types of matter that can be physically separated. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with uniform properties throughout, or heterogeneous, having different properties in different areas. Common examples are salt water (homogeneous) and sand and water (heterogeneous). Mixtures can be separated using physical processes like filtration, evaporation, or magnetism depending on the types of materials involved. Compounds differ from mixtures in that they are pure substances whose components combine chemically rather than physically and have different properties from their constituent elements.
This document provides an overview of different types of matter and their properties. It discusses pure substances such as elements and compounds, as well as mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties like density, melting point, and viscosity are covered. Separation techniques including distillation, filtration, and evaporation are also explained. The document concludes with a discussion of chemical properties like reactivity and evidence of chemical changes through color change, gas production, or temperature change.
This document discusses various physical separation techniques including magnetism, simple distillation, hand separation, filtration, sifting or sieving, evaporation, and chromatography. It provides examples of how each technique can be used to separate different mixtures, such as using a magnet to separate nails from wood chips, distilling water from a saltwater solution, sifting sand from pebbles, and using chromatography paper to separate ink into its original components. The key idea is that physical separation techniques separate mixtures into their original pure substances without chemical changes through methods like filtration, evaporation, magnetic attraction, or passing through columns.
Here are the types of mixtures for the given examples:
1. Sugar dissolved in water - Solution
2. Mixture of ethyl alcohol and water - Solution
3. Mixture of salt and sand - Heterogeneous mixture (Mechanical mixture)
4. Iron filings, mongo seeds and salt mixture - Heterogeneous mixture (Mechanical mixture)
The first two examples involve dissolving of substances and forming a homogeneous mixture at the molecular level, so they are solutions.
The last two examples involve mechanical mixing of substances without dissolving and remaining as distinguishable parts, so they are heterogeneous mixtures.
Mixtures
Pure substance :
It is the substance that is made of only one type of identical particles.
Mixture :
It is the substance that consists of more than one type of particles.
PS CH 10 matter properties and changes editedEsther Herrera
The document discusses the properties and types of matter, including the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), mixtures and their separation, physical and chemical properties, physical and chemical changes, and the laws of conservation of mass, definite proportions, and multiple proportions as they relate to matter and chemical reactions. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are combinations of two or more elements that have properties different from their component elements. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Class 9th Chapter 2 Is matter around us pure-1.pptxMVHerwadkarschool
This document discusses the composition and properties of different types of mixtures, including pure substances, solutions, suspensions, and colloids. It explains that mixtures are composed of two or more pure substances, and describes various physical separation methods that can be used to separate the components of mixtures, such as evaporation, filtration, centrifugation, chromatography, distillation, sublimation, and crystallization. Common examples of mixtures and applications of different separation techniques are provided.
Ch 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure 1.ppt-4-38.pdfssuser329ea9
This document discusses the classification of matter and different types of mixtures. It defines pure substances as those made of a single type of particle, while mixtures contain two or more pure substances. Mixtures are classified as either homogeneous, containing uniformly distributed particles too small to see, or heterogeneous, where particles settle out or can be filtered. Common mixtures discussed include solutions, colloids, and suspensions. Several methods for separating mixtures are also outlined, such as evaporation, centrifugation, chromatography, and distillation.
- Fossil fuels like crude oil, coal and gas were formed over millions of years from the remains of dead organisms. They are non-renewable and finite resources that are being used faster than they can be renewed.
- When fossil fuels are spilled during transport, they can cause environmental damage by coating and harming wildlife. Oil spills spread across oceans and are difficult to clean up.
- Most compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons that can undergo cracking and fractional distillation to produce useful fuels and materials. However, fossil fuel usage and plastic disposal contribute to environmental problems.
This document provides an introduction to chemistry, including defining matter and its three states (solid, liquid, gas). It discusses the particles that compose matter (atoms, molecules, ions) and their properties. Methods for separating mixtures are also outlined, such as filtration, distillation, evaporation, and chromatography. Consumer products often contain mixtures to appeal to customers, with examples given of household cleaning supplies and personal care items.
Here are some of the key differences between DNA and RNA:
- DNA contains deoxyribose as its sugar component, while RNA contains ribose. Ribose has an extra hydroxyl group compared to deoxyribose.
- DNA usually exists as a double-stranded helix, while RNA is typically single-stranded.
- DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil instead of thymine.
- DNA's primary role is long-term storage of genetic information. RNA helps process and transfer genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis.
- DNA is usually found in the cell
This document discusses physical chemistry concepts related to the states and classification of matter. It provides details on the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. Pure substances can be either elements or compounds, while mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together. The document also defines and compares different types of solutions, including true solutions, colloids, and suspensions. It describes properties of colloids such as the Tyndall effect, Brownian motion, dialysis, ultracentrifugation, and precipitation. Various methods of expressing concentration in solutions are also outlined.
The document discusses various topics related to water including its molecular structure, physical properties, states of matter, role as a universal solvent, and separation techniques. It notes that a water molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It describes water's density, freezing and boiling points, and how molecules are arranged in solid, liquid, and gas states. It also explains how water can dissolve many other substances and the processes of filtration, decantation, crystallization, and distillation used to separate mixtures.
This document defines key chemistry concepts such as elements, compounds, mixtures, and the different types of mixtures. It discusses homogeneous mixtures like solutions, and heterogeneous mixtures like colloids. It also covers physical properties including viscosity, conductivity, malleability, melting and boiling points. Finally, it discusses processes such as filtration, distillation, evaporation, and the differences between chemical and physical changes.
This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including physical separation techniques used in daily life and chemistry. It defines mixtures and the two types - homogeneous and heterogeneous. It then describes 14 different separation methods: hand picking, threshing, winnowing, sieving, magnetic attraction, sublimation, evaporation, crystallization, sedimentation and decantation, loading, filtration, distillation, centrifugation, and paper chromatography. For each method, it provides examples of how it separates mixtures and is used in applications like farming, distilling water, and separating solids from liquids.
This document provides information on various chemistry concepts including the law of conservation of mass, lab safety procedures, measurement units, qualitative and quantitative data, and separation processes such as distillation, filtration, and evaporation. It also includes review questions to test understanding of mixtures, physical and chemical changes, and using properties to separate substances.
The document discusses a biology lab on testing for the four main types of biomolecules - proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. It provides information on the structure, function, and tests used to identify each biomolecule. The lab involves putting different food sources in test tubes and applying various reagents to test for the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The document explains what students will learn about biomolecules and the lab procedures and questions they will discuss.
A mixture forms when two or more substances are combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity. Everywhere around us are made up of mixtures. We can see them in nature, along the surface of the earth, in the oceans and in the foods we eat. There are infinite numbers of mixtures that can be combined into homogeneous or heterogeneous.
This document provides an overview of properties of matter. It begins by defining the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while gases have no fixed shape or volume. The document then discusses physical and chemical properties and changes, defining the difference between physical and chemical changes. It provides examples of each. Density is also covered, defining concepts such as mass, volume, and density and providing practice problems. The document concludes by discussing elements, compounds, and mixtures.
The document discusses various properties of matter that can be used to identify and separate substances, including density, melting/boiling points, magnetism, solubility, heat/electrical conductivity. It also describes several methods for separating mixtures based on the properties of the substances involved, such as mechanical sorting, sieving, filtration, distillation, and exploiting differences in mass/boiling points. The goal is to determine the best way to separate components of a mixture using their individual properties.
1. The document discusses various properties of matter and how they are used to classify and identify different types of matter. It describes extensive properties that depend on amount and intensive properties that depend on type.
2. Mixtures and pure substances are introduced. Heterogeneous mixtures are non-uniform while homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout. Elements have a unique set of properties while compounds contain two or more elements.
3. The three states of matter are defined as solid, liquid, and gas. Physical and chemical changes are distinguished based on whether the composition changes. Chemical symbols and formulas are used to represent elements and compounds in chemical reactions.
Matter can be summarized as follows:
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. Matter changes between these states through processes like fusion, condensation, evaporation, and solidification. Matter can be classified as pure substances or mixtures. Mixtures contain more than one substance and can be separated using methods like evaporation, distillation, filtration, and decantation. Changes to matter can be physical, changing its shape or size, or chemical, changing its composition.
This experiment is investigating how temperature affects the rate of dissolving.
The temperature of the water in each beaker should also be measured and recorded.
The factors that should be kept constant are the amount of water and vitamin C tablet used. The variable factor is the temperature of the water.
Two other factors that affect the rate of dissolving are the size of particles and stirring/agitation.
The document summarizes key concepts about matter, including:
- Pure substances are classified as either elements or compounds.
- Elements contain only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more simpler substances.
- Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous based on how evenly distributed their parts are.
- Physical properties describe observable characteristics without changing a substance's composition.
- Chemical properties involve changes in composition through chemical reactions.
The document discusses different methods for separating mixtures, including chromatography, crystallization, filtration, and distillation. Chromatography can be used to separate soluble mixtures and involves a stationary and mobile phase. Crystallization works by evaporating a liquid from a dissolved solid. Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids. Distillation separates substances with different boiling points. Together these methods allow for separating pure substances from mixtures through exploiting differences in each component's solubility, boiling point, or mobility.
This document provides an overview of the major periods of history from Prehistory to the Contemporary Age. It discusses the key developments and transitions between periods such as the move from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in the Paleolithic period to settled agricultural societies in the Neolithic period with the development of farming. It also notes the transition from the Stone Age to the Age of Metals, when people began using copper, bronze and eventually iron to make tools and weapons. Archaeological evidence from each period is highlighted.
The document provides information about the major body systems through a series of questions and answers. It discusses the parts of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. It also discusses the parts of the excretory system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Further sections address the circulatory, respiratory, nervous, locomotor and reproductive systems.
The document discusses imaginary lines on maps used to describe locations on Earth's surface, such as meridians and parallels. It also describes the two movements of the Earth: its revolution around the sun, which takes 365 days and 6 hours, and its rotation on its axis, which takes 24 hours. Finally, it mentions that astronomers and astronauts make discoveries by studying objects in space and going into space themselves.
This document provides an introduction to electricity and magnetism. It begins by asking what is known about electricity and explains that electricity works through the movement of electrons along a wire. It then discusses what atoms are made of, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that atoms can become positively or negatively charged ions based on the numbers of protons and electrons. The document also covers static electricity through experiments with balloons and plastic pens. It discusses how electric circuits work through the continuous movement of electrons powered by a battery. The second half covers magnets and magnetic fields, including how magnets attract and repel each other. It explains Earth's magnetic field is created by the spinning liquid iron core. It concludes by connecting electricity and
Questions review Contemporary age. unit 3 (updated)anaruperez
The document provides information about key events and concepts related to modern Spanish history from the French Revolution to the early 20th century. It covers topics like the French Revolution starting in 1789; the Spanish Independence War against Napoleon from 1808 to 1814; the liberal Cadiz Constitution of 1812; the Carlist Wars during the 19th century between supporters of Queen Isabel II and her conservative uncle Carlos; the loss of Spain's last colonies like Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines by 1898; the development of industry, railways and new social classes during the Industrial Revolution; the overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of republics in the 1870s; and the rise of nationalism in Catalonia and the Basque Country.
Reproduction is one of the three vital functions that allows living beings to produce offspring. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction where one organism can produce offspring and sexual reproduction which requires a male and female to produce offspring. Sexual reproduction in humans involves male and female reproductive organs and gametes. Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to form a zygote which develops into an embryo and fetus. Modern advances in reproduction include in vitro fertilization, Caesarean sections, prenatal screening tests, and various contraception methods.
El documento resume los principales temas de tecnología que se cubren en el sexto grado, incluyendo ejemplos de cómo la tecnología ha cambiado la vida diaria en áreas como la salud, comunicación, producción de alimentos, ropa y transporte. También cubre el uso de la tecnología en el arte, la música y los deportes, así como conceptos básicos de computadoras como la entrada, almacenamiento, procesamiento y salida de datos, hardware y software, código binario y unidades de memoria. Finalmente, introduce conceptos sobre
Electricity and magnetism are explained through the movement of electrons. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons can move along a wire due to positive and negative charges. Static electricity is created through friction that changes the number of electrons on objects. Magnets have magnetic fields and poles that attract or repel other magnets or metals. The Earth has a magnetic field created by its liquid iron core that protects us with its magnetosphere.
- Miguel Primo de Rivera resigns as dictator in 1930, leading to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.
- Political and social tensions rise and the Spanish Civil War begins in 1936 after Franco rebels. Franco's nationalist forces defeat the republicans by 1939.
- Franco establishes a dictatorship that lasts until his death in 1975, bringing nearly four decades of authoritarian rule and isolation to Spain.
Early 19th century Spain was influenced by the French Revolution and invaded by Napoleon Bonaparte's forces in 1807. This led to the Spanish Independence War against the French from 1808 to 1814. During this time two governments formed - the French government under King Joseph Bonaparte in Madrid and the Spanish government ruling from Cadiz under the Constitution of 1812. The Constitution established separation of powers but was later abolished by King Ferdinand VII when he returned to absolute monarchy in 1814.
The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille prison. King Louis XVI was guillotined during this period. A republic was established in France from 1789-1799. Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in 1804. The Treaty of Fontainebleau allowed Napoleon to invade Spain in 1807. This began the Spanish Independence War against French rule that lasted from 1808-1814.
The Earth's layers are constantly changing due to internal heat and gravitational/solar energy. Convection currents in the mantle and lithospheric plates slowly moving due to mantle convection cause geological processes at plate boundaries. Plates can be converging, diverging, or moving conservatively parallel to each other, resulting in ocean ridges, trenches, and faults respectively. Plate dynamics produce volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and shape the Earth's surface relief through mountain building and changing ocean basins over millions of years.
An ecosystem is composed of biotic and abiotic factors that interact with each other. The document defines an ecosystem as a biotope (physical environment) and biocenosis (living things) that interact. It discusses the key components of ecosystems, including producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, decomposers, and trophic levels. Examples are provided of different ecosystem types (aquatic, wetland, forest), and the abiotic and biotic adaptations organisms have to survive within different ecosystems. Food webs and chains are used to illustrate the feeding relationships and energy/nutrient flow between organisms within an ecosystem.
This document provides an overview of invertebrate animals. It discusses that invertebrates do not have backbones and make up 90% of animal species. It then describes characteristics of different phyla of invertebrates including sponges, cnidarians, worms, mollusks, arthropods, and echinoderms. Key details are provided about the anatomy and habitats of representative animals from each group.
The document summarizes ancient and modern understandings of the universe and Earth. It describes how ancient civilizations believed the Earth was flat and motionless at the center of a domed sky. Greeks later proposed the Earth was spherical and floated in space. The geocentric model placed Earth at the center, while the heliocentric model correctly identified the Sun as the center. Current models recognize the universe extends far beyond the Milky Way galaxy and originated from a massive explosion known as the Big Bang over 14 billion years ago. The document also outlines theories of solar system formation and provides details about objects within our solar system like planets, stars and the effects of Earth's rotation and revolution.
All matter is made up of atoms, which are composed of subatomic particles including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at the center containing protons and neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or orbitals. Atoms can form ions by gaining or losing electrons, becoming positively or negatively charged. Multiple atoms can bond together to form molecules or crystalline solids, and compounds are made of different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
The document outlines the steps for students to create a short film as part of a filmmaking project. It discusses forming teams of 5 students with different roles, creating storyboards, watching example short films, planning and filming their own 3-5 minute short film by modifying one of the examples, and editing the short film over 3 days before a screening for the class to vote on awards.
This document contains instructions and materials for multiple sessions on the topics of healthy eating, different diet types, and creating an international restaurant menu. It includes links to quizzes and videos, instructions for activities like creating a food wheel and analyzing sample menus, and information about diets like the dissociated diet and blood type diet. Students are asked to plan menus, shopping lists, and marketing materials for their own imaginary international restaurant serving unusual dishes from different cultures.
This document categorizes life into kingdoms based on cell type, number of cells, nutrition, reproduction, and provides examples. The kingdoms are bacteria, protists including algae and protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals which are distinguished by their cellular makeup and how they obtain nutrients and reproduce.
This document is an outline for a chemistry unit that discusses chemical changes in matter. It covers the differences between physical and chemical changes, how to identify a chemical reaction through changes in a substance's nature, representing chemical reactions with symbols and formulas, the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions, John Dalton's atomic model, balancing chemical equations, mass balance in chemical reactions, energy and rates of reactions, industrial chemistry and its impact on the environment. The outline also includes activities and videos to supplement the topics.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
• Matter is anything that has a mass and occupies a space= volume.
• Mass is the amount of matter (measured in kg, g, mg....)
• Volume is the space it takes up (measured in dm3, m3, liters...)
• Matter can be natural or man-made and exists in 3 states: solid, liquid and gas
• Matter is made up of atoms
• Atoms have a nucleus and a cloud of electrons.
• In the nucleus there are protons and neutrons.
• In the cloud there are electrons
• A molecule is made when two or more atoms join together
Link to
my video
about Matter 1
4. 1. PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES
SUBSTANCES
PURE
ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
Pages 66,
67
5. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES
• PURE SUBSTANCES: Made up of only one type of molecule
• Element: made up of only one type of atom: O2(oxygen), Fe(iron), Au (gold)…. They are in
the periodic table of elements (link to the periodic table of elements)
• Compound: made up of a combination of elements with a chemical formula: H2O (water)
CO2 (carbon dioxide), NH3 (ammonia)…..with chemical bonds
• MIXTURES: contains two or more different substances that are not chemically
combined (they don’t form molecules, they are just together)
• Homogeneous mixtures: the substances are so well mixed that they cannot be distinguished.
The appearance is homogeneous (same color and texture in all their parts) Air, sea water....
• Heterogeneous mixtures: the different substances are not equally distributed, so they can be
distinguished. There are variations in the color or texture. Food, cement, sand, water and
oil....
6.
7. SOLUTIONS:
A type of
homogeneous
mixtures
A solution is a homogeneous mixture that
has a liquid and a substance dissolved in it
SOLUTION: solute + solvent
SOLVENT: liquid of the solution. It is in
more amount than the solute
SOLUTE: can be liquid, solid or gas and is
dissolved in the solvent. It is in less amount
8. 2. SEPARATING MIXTURES
• There are several techniques such as:
• FILTRATION
• DISTILLATION
• EVAPORATION
• MAGNETS
• ….....
Pages 68,
69
9. FILTRATION
• To separate an
insoluble solid from a
liquid. The filter retains
the solid.
• Example: sand and
water.
Link to
video about
filtration
10. EVAPORATION
• Separates a soluble
solid from a liquid that
evaporates.
• Example: salt and water
Link to
video about
evaporation
11. DISTILLATION
• To separate two liquids
with different boiling
point. The first one
evaporates, the gas moves
up and then passes
through the condenser
where it becomes liquid
again.
• Example: water and
alcohol
Link to video
about
distillation
12. SOME
CHEMICAL
CHANGES
• New molecules are made
• Substances change their
composition
• Matter changes forever (usually, some
changes are reversible though)
Remember that in a chemical
change.....
• COMBUSTION
• OXIDATION
• FERMENTATION
EXAMPLES
13. 3. COMBUSTION
FUEL OXYGEN ENERGY
INICIAL
HEAT
CARBON
DIOXIDE
ASH
SMOKE
WATER
Link to my video
about Combustion
Pages
70,71
15. PROBLEMS FROM
COMBUSTION
• Combustion of most fuels produces
Carbon dioxide that increases the
GREENHOUSE EFFECT and produces
GLOBAL WARMING
• Combustion of coal, petrol or diesel
produce particles that pollute the air and
produce RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES.
• Combustion of coal and diesel can produce
sulphur dioxide that produces ACID
RAIN.
17. RUSTING
• When Iron is exposed to oxygen
and moisture, loses the electrons.
• Effects:
• Change of color (red or orange)
• Becomes brittle (fragile) and weak
• Solution: paint to form a barrier
Link to video
about rusting
18. BROWNING
IN FRUIT
• Some fruits are reducing
agents.
• The surface of the fruit
loses electrons.
• Effects:
• Changes in color and
taste
• Solution: protection of
the skin. Cover with a film
or lemon.
Link
to experiment about
browning
19. FERMENTATION
• Chemical change made by microorganisms such as:
• YEAST (levadura)
• BACTERIA
• Discovered thousands of years ago
• Gives us many different food and drink:
• Yogurt, cheese, wine, bread, cider....
• Microorganisms feed on the sugar of the food
producing other substances that change the properties of
the food.
Pages 74,
75
Type of yeast that makes bread
Type of bacteria that makes yogurt
Link to my video
on Fermentation
20. Examples of food we make through
fermentation
Cider
(sidra)
Wine
Bread
YEAST
Yogurt
Cheese
BACTERIA
21. Wine and cider: Fermentation with yeast
Sugar
(grapes,
apples)
Yeast
Alcohol +
Carbon
dioxide
Link to how wine is
made
ENZYMES
Accelerate the process
22. Bread: fermentation with yeast
Link to how bread is
made
Flour and warm water: dough (masa)
Yeast consumes the starch (almidón) of the flour (a
type of sugar)
The yeast produces tiny Carbon dioxide bubbles
which makes the dough expand. (spongy bread)
BREAD RECIPE
(english bread)
BREAD RECIPE
(spanish bread)
23. Yogurt: fermentation with bacteria
Link to how to make
yogurt
Lactose turns into....
Lactic acid (tastes sour and acidic)
Bacteria (we add more) consume....
The lactose of the milk
FRESH MILK contains
Lactose (type of sugar) and Bacteria