This document defines key chemistry concepts such as elements, compounds, mixtures, and the different types of mixtures. It discusses homogeneous mixtures like solutions, and heterogeneous mixtures like colloids. It also covers physical properties including viscosity, conductivity, malleability, melting and boiling points. Finally, it discusses processes such as filtration, distillation, evaporation, and the differences between chemical and physical changes.

1. 2.1&2.2 Notes
Elias Giron

2. Compounds, mixtures,
and Elements
• Mixtures- Two or more substances that are
not chemically combined. Substance
remains with their characteristic properties
• Elements- Simplest form of pure substance,
cannot be broken down.
• Compounds- Two or more pure substances
that are chemically combined, and can be
broken into substances chemically

3. Solutions & Types of
Mixtures
• Homogenous Mixture- The particles are so
evenly distributed that it is hard to
distinguish. Appears the same throughout
• Solution- is a homogenous when one
substance dissolves into another. The one
dissolving is the solvent and the one being
dissolved the solute.
• Heterogenous- Not uniform throughout

4. Colloids
• Particles are mixed but not dissolved, with
the large particles they are kept suspended
• It will not separate upon standing, and the
particles are always hitting, which makes it
look cloudy.

5. Viscosity, Conductivity,
malleability
• Viscosity- The thickness or resistance to
flow of a liquid. Depending on temperature
• Conductivity- A materials ability to let heat
or electricity pass through it
• Malleability- A materials ability to be hit
without shattering. How sturdy something
works.

6. Melting & boiling point
• The temperatures at which a substance
boils or melts in degrees Celsius.

7. Filtration
• The process that separates particles based
on their size.

8. Distilation
• Distillation is the process that separates
the substances in a solution based on
their boiling point.

9. Evaporation
• The process that changes a substance from
a liquid to a gas or the opposite by reaching
boiling point.
• Ex. Water-Ice

10. Flammability
• This is a materials ability to burn in the
presence of oxygen.
• E.X.= Alcohol and Hydrogen

11. Reactivity
• How readily a substance combines with
other substances and chemicals is reactivity.
• EX. Rust and if you throw potassium at the
water, it explodes.

12. Chemical Changes
• Occurs when a substance reacts and forms
one or more new substances.
• The three common types of evidence for
this is, Change in color, Production of a gas,
and the formation of a precipitate.

13. Physical Changes
• Occurs when some of the materials
change, but the substance they the same.

14. Physical Properties
• Odor- What something smells like.
• Melting/freezing point- The temperature at
which a solid changes phase to a liquid.
• Boiling Point- The temperature at which a
liquid turns into a gas.
• Solubility- The ability of a substance to
dissolve into another.

15. Density/Viscosity
• Density- How compact a material is.
• Viscosity- The resistance to flow, this can
vary by the temperature.

16. Question #1
• What kind of change is happening when
you put bleach on jeans?

17. Question #2
• What type of mixture is NOT uniform
throughout?

18. Question #3
• What is the simplest form of a pure
substance?

19. Question #4
• What is Viscosity?

20. Question #5
• What are the types of filtration?