Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, or gas. Pure substances have a fixed composition while mixtures contain two or more types of matter that can be physically separated. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with uniform properties throughout, or heterogeneous, having different properties in different areas. Common examples are salt water (homogeneous) and sand and water (heterogeneous). Mixtures can be separated using physical processes like filtration, evaporation, or magnetism depending on the types of materials involved. Compounds differ from mixtures in that they are pure substances whose components combine chemically rather than physically and have different properties from their constituent elements.

2. Matter :
 Anything that has mass and takes up space.
 It can be.
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
Pure substance :
 Matter that has a fixed composition and unique properties.
 Contains only one type of elements or compound, homogenous.

3. Mixtures:
Two or more kinds of matter are combined together.
 contains at least two physically combined components
Components are separated using physical methods.
Some examples are:
1) Iron & sand
2) Oil & water
3) Sand & water
4) Salt water
5) Ink
6) Methanol & ethanol

4. Types of Mixtures
Mixtures
Homogeneous
mixtures
Heterogeneous
mixtures
Having uniform property Having different properties
through out through out.
Eg: Saltwater Eg: Clay solution
Tea Chalk powder & water
Alcohol-water Starch

5. Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated by employing the physical methods like
 Filtration
 Sorting
 Using magnets
 Floating / sinking
 Evaporation
 Distillation
 Chromatography

6. How would you separate a mixture of sand and water?
Answer:
 Pour the mixture through a filter paper
 The water will go through the filter leaving sand behind.

7.  How would you separate a mixture of iron and sand ?
Answer:
Use a magnet to separate the iron from sand.

8. Solution
 Well mixed, uniform & single phase.
 Homogeneous
 Transparent
 Can have no visible part
 Cannot be separated by physical methods like filtration.
Parts of solution
Solute : Substance that gets dissolved in another substance
Solvent : Substance in large amount that does the dissolving.

9. Compounds
 They are pure substance.
 They are made from more than one elements that are chemically combined.
 They can be broken into simpler substance by chemical means
 Water is a compound.
 Water can be broken into hydrogen & oxygen by electrolysis.

10. Mixture V/s Compound
Mixture Compund
Made of elements or
compounds or both
Made of elements
No change in original
properties
Change in original properties
Components can be separated
by physical means
Components can be separated
by chemical means
Formed by any ratio Formed by fixed ratio