This document provides an overview of the major periods of history from Prehistory to the Contemporary Age. It discusses the key developments and transitions between periods such as the move from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles in the Paleolithic period to settled agricultural societies in the Neolithic period with the development of farming. It also notes the transition from the Stone Age to the Age of Metals, when people began using copper, bronze and eventually iron to make tools and weapons. Archaeological evidence from each period is highlighted.
The Stone Age | River Valley Civilisation MDZAFARHASIB
Here you will learn about the stone age and the rive valley civilisation . Why the early civilisation lived beside the river ? You will get to know all basic concept about history.
***Want video on this click below
https://youtu.be/r5WEHcLjRSs
The Stone Age | River Valley Civilisation MDZAFARHASIB
Here you will learn about the stone age and the rive valley civilisation . Why the early civilisation lived beside the river ? You will get to know all basic concept about history.
***Want video on this click below
https://youtu.be/r5WEHcLjRSs
Unit 4 Oxford 6th grade. Matter, types of matter, changes of matter, physical changes and chemical changes: oxidation, combustion, fermentation. Types of mixtures, separation of mixtures.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. 5.1 The Periods of History
History is divided into different periods.
Prehistory started
when the first humans
appeared.
Ancient History
started when people
invented writing.
The Middle Ages
started when the
Roman Empire fell.
The Modern Age
started when Columbus
discovered America.
The Contemporary Age
started when the French
Revolution happened.
5. 5.1 Periods of History
Each year has a number. Each year belongs to a century.
A century is a period of 100 years.
We count the years starting from the year 1. This was when Jesus Christ was born. Years and
centuries after Jesus was born are called A.D. and years and centuries before Jesus was born are
called B.C.
We forget the two last numbers add 1 number to the rest to know the century
476>>4+1= 5th Century (siglo V)
1492>> 14+1= 15th century (siglo XV)
1789>> 17+1= 18th century (siglo XVIII)
6. The Periods in
Prehistory
Prehistory is divided into two periods: The Stone Age and the Age of Metals.
• The Stone Age emerged when the first humans appeared and began to use tools. The first part of the Stone Age is the
Paleolithic Period, and the second part is the Neolithic Period.
• The Age of Metals started when people started using metals. It is divided in Bronze Age and Iron Age
7. 5.2 The Stone Age: the
Paleolithic Period
• When? From 2,5m.y (first humans) until 10 000
years ago(agriculture)
• Paleolithic people were nomads. This means they didn’t live
permanently in one place. They lived in tribes.
• They hunted and fished to get food and they also
collected fruit and plants.
• During this period, people discovered how to make fire, so they
could cook their food.
• They lived in caves or huts made of tree branches and
animal skins.
• They also wore clothes made of animal skins.
• Paleolithic people made tools from stone, wood and animal
bones.
Paleolithi
c video 2
(4,2 min)
Paleolithic
video 1 (1
min)
8. 5.2 The Stone
Age: the Paleolithic Period
• Archaeologists are people who look
for objects and buildings from the past.
• They have found objects from
the Paleolithic Period such as:
• Human bones 1 million years
old in Sierra de Atapuerca
(Burgos)
• Cave paintings in Cuevas de
Altamira (Cantabria)
• Tools made of bones and stone.
Pinturas
rupestres
España
La Sima de
los Huesos
Atapuerca
9. 5.3 The Stone Age:the Neolithic Period
• When?: The Neolithic Period started about 10 000
years ago and ended about 7 000 years ago.
• Neolithic people became sedentary. They lived in villages
near water. They stopped moving around because...
• They discovered how to cultivate plants from seeds. This
was the beginning of agriculture.
• They domesticated animals (sheep, cow, goat). They became
farmers.
• Some people were artisans
and others were farmers. They started to exchange the p
roducts they made and the crops they cultivated. This was
the beginning of trade.
Neolithic
video 1
(50 s)
Neolithic
video 2 (4
min)
10. 5.3 The Stone Age: the
Neolithic Period
• Neolithic people made a wider range of objects than Paleolithic
people did. They made ceramic pots from clay and baskets to
store food.
• They also made polished stone tools (hand mill, hoe,
sickle) which they used to harvest crops and grind
cereals into flour. They used larger tools to work the
soil and cut down trees.
• They also made figurines out of stone and bones.
Agricultura:
hacer
harina (lista de
videos)
12. 5.4 The Bronze
and Iron Ages
• The Bronze and Iron Ages are the second
period of Prehistory.
• In this period people discovered how to make
objects from metal. First, they used copper,
then bronze and then iron. People melted
metals to make different objects such as
tools, jewellery and weapons.
• People continued to live in villages, but
they got bigger and had walls to defend them.
• They invented the wheel, so they
could transport food and products more
easily.
• Other inventions: sail and plough (arado)
• There was more trade than before,
and more jobs that people could do, such
as metalworkers, soldiers and traders.
Age of
metals (4
min video)
Metal age
(1min
video)
13. 5.4 The Bronze and
Iron Ages
• During this period, Celts and
Iberians lived in the Iberian Peninsula.
The Celts lived in the north and west,
and the Iberians in the south and east.
• They made sculptures
from stone and large
stone monuments
called megaliths, such as:
• The Bulls of Guisando in Ávila
• The Lady of Elche in
the National
Archaeological Museum
• The Pedra Gentil
Megalith in Barcelona
Megalitos
