3. the material world, atoms
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All matter is made up of atoms, which are composed of subatomic particles including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus at the center containing protons and neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or orbitals. Atoms can form ions by gaining or losing electrons, becoming positively or negatively charged. Multiple atoms can bond together to form molecules or crystalline solids, and compounds are made of different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
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3) The discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1932, completing understanding of atomic structure with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in shells surrounding it.
Chemistry Basic understanding for LIKE WHAT?
Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter is made of indivisible atoms and that atoms of different elements have different masses. However, later discoveries showed limitations of this theory. Atoms were found to be divisible into subatomic particles and isotopes of the same element can have different masses. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus, like planets around the sun. However, this model could not explain the stability of atoms and quantum theory was needed to fully explain atomic structure.
Ppt djy 2011 1 topic 7 atomic structure sl intro
This document discusses the development of atomic models from ancient Greek ideas to Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom. It introduces Dalton's atomic theory and developments like the plum pudding model, discovery of the electron, Rutherford's nuclear model, and Bohr's explanation of emission spectra. Key concepts covered include atomic structure, isotopes, atomic notation, and forces that hold the nucleus together.
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3. the material world, atoms
- 1. 3. THE MATERIAL WORLD: ATOMS Oxford education Humanitas Bilingual School 2 ESO
- 2. 1. A JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF MATTER All matter is made up of atoms. Greeks (2500 years ago): atoms=“indivisible” in greek Nowadays>>smaller particles (LHC*) The size of atoms: video Hydrogen atom: 0,000 000 000 1=10-10m What are they like? Can´ t see them Not indivisible Not balls of matter Electrical phenomena *Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Geneve
- 3. 2. ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA Atoms are neutral Some atoms can get electric charge: Cause attraction and repulsion. There are positive and negative charges inside the atoms. Electrical charges of the same type>> repel Electrical charges of different signs>>attract
- 4. 3. INSIDE THE ATOM: ITS PARTICLES 3 types of subatomic particles: Electrons, Protons, Neutrons Electrons: Located in the shell of the atom Mass 1840 times smaller than proton mass (insignificant) Negatively charged Protons: Located in the nucleus of the atom Mass of 1u* Positively charged Neutrons: Located in the nucleus of the atom Mass of 1u* No electrical charge=neutral * u= atomic unit, 1u=1,66x 10-27kg
- 5. ACTIVITIES 1. Find information about the LHC and what its purpose is. 2. Write the dimensions of… 1. Size of an hydrogen atom in m (meters): 2. Mass of a proton in kg: 3. Complete the chart Electron Proton Neutron Location Mass Electrical charge
- 6. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ATOM The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons in neutral atoms. (electrons and protons have same charge, but opposite sign) An atom is basically empty and has a nucleus and a shell or orbitals with electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus Electrons move around the nucleus at very high speeds. Models to represent it. Planetary model, Bohr model Current model: with electron clouds
- 7. SCIENTIST AND THEIR DISCOVERIES Greeks: atoms are indivisible balls of matter Thomson: discovered particles negatively charged at the end of the 19 century Rutherford: discovered in 1911 that the atom is most of it empty space and in the nucleus there is positive charge. James Chadwick discovered neutrons in 1932
- 9. BUILD AN ATOM Element flashcards
- 10. ACTIVITIES 1. Complete the chart with the information ELEMENT ELEMENT SYMBOL PROTONS Z PROTONS + NEUTRONS A NEUTRONS ELECTRONS Mg 24 Li 7 PHOSPHORUS 16 NICKEL 59 9 10
- 11. ISOTOPES Atom that has a different mass number to the standard of that element. They have the same Z (number of protons), but different A (mass number, different number of neutrons). Atomic mass: average mass of the mass number of the isotopes according to their relative abundance.
- 12. 4. IONS Atoms that are not neutral>>`>possitive or negative charge The number of electrons changes. (as the number of protons can´t change)
- 14. ACTIVITY 1. Do this online quizz: QUIZZ 2. Complete the chart Type of ion ELEMENT SYMBOL Z ELECTRONS Be2+ Chloride anion Cl- Al3+ Co3+ N3-
- 15. 5. THE ORGANIZATION OF ATOMS IN MATTER A simple substance is made up of atoms from the same chemical element. A compound substance is made up of atoms from different chemical elements
- 18. CHEMICAL FORMULA BUILD A MOLECULA MOLAR MASS