The document provides information about physical and chemical properties of matter, including:
- Physical properties do not change the identity of matter and include properties like state, density, and melting point. Chemical properties involve chemical reactions that form new substances.
- Examples of physical changes described are boiling water and burning paper, while examples of chemical changes are rusting iron and souring milk.
- The four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas and plasma - are compared based on their volume, mass, density, and particle movement. Solids have a definite shape while liquids and gases fill their containers.
This document discusses physical and chemical properties of matter. It defines physical properties as those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance, such as color, shape, and size. Chemical properties involve changes in which new substances are formed, such as flammability and reactivity. Examples of physical changes provided are melting, freezing, and breaking, which do not form new substances. Chemical changes, like burning and digestion, result in different final products. The document also discusses density, states of matter, and distinguishing between physical and chemical changes.
This document defines key terms related to matter: matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. A pure substance has a specific, unchanging makeup like salt or sugar. Matter has physical properties that can be observed without changing its substance, like melting point, and chemical properties that describe its ability to change into other substances through reactions. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while mixtures contain two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Mixtures can be homogeneous, where the parts are evenly mixed and not visible, or heterogeneous, where the different parts can be seen.
The document discusses properties of matter. It defines properties as characteristics and behaviors used to describe matter. There are two main types of properties: physical properties which can be observed without changing the substance, and chemical properties which describe a substance's ability to change into another. Matter can exist as pure substances or mixtures, and can be broken down into molecules, compounds, and atoms.
This document provides an overview of different types of matter and their properties. It discusses pure substances such as elements and compounds, as well as mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties like density, melting point, and viscosity are covered. Separation techniques including distillation, filtration, and evaporation are also explained. The document concludes with a discussion of chemical properties like reactivity and evidence of chemical changes through color change, gas production, or temperature change.
The document defines matter and describes its three common states: solid, liquid, and gas. It distinguishes between physical and chemical properties of matter, and between physical and chemical changes. It defines mixtures and pure substances, and classifies matter as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Key terms include the various states of matter, physical and chemical properties, and the classification of matter.
This document defines the classification of matter. There are two main categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements, which are made of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together without chemical bonding. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where the parts can be seen, or homogeneous, where the parts cannot be seen. Heterogeneous mixtures are less pure than homogeneous mixtures.
The document discusses the classification and properties of matter, explaining that matter can be classified as either mixtures which contain more than one type of matter, or as substances which cannot be separated into different types of matter. It also describes the four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - and how temperature influences the movement and arrangement of molecules in each state. Measurement techniques for determining the volume, mass, and amount of different types of matter are also outlined.
This document discusses physical and chemical properties of matter. It defines physical properties as those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance, such as color, shape, and size. Chemical properties involve changes in which new substances are formed, such as flammability and reactivity. Examples of physical changes provided are melting, freezing, and breaking, which do not form new substances. Chemical changes, like burning and digestion, result in different final products. The document also discusses density, states of matter, and distinguishing between physical and chemical changes.
This document defines key terms related to matter: matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. A pure substance has a specific, unchanging makeup like salt or sugar. Matter has physical properties that can be observed without changing its substance, like melting point, and chemical properties that describe its ability to change into other substances through reactions. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while mixtures contain two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Mixtures can be homogeneous, where the parts are evenly mixed and not visible, or heterogeneous, where the different parts can be seen.
The document discusses properties of matter. It defines properties as characteristics and behaviors used to describe matter. There are two main types of properties: physical properties which can be observed without changing the substance, and chemical properties which describe a substance's ability to change into another. Matter can exist as pure substances or mixtures, and can be broken down into molecules, compounds, and atoms.
This document provides an overview of different types of matter and their properties. It discusses pure substances such as elements and compounds, as well as mixtures that can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties like density, melting point, and viscosity are covered. Separation techniques including distillation, filtration, and evaporation are also explained. The document concludes with a discussion of chemical properties like reactivity and evidence of chemical changes through color change, gas production, or temperature change.
The document defines matter and describes its three common states: solid, liquid, and gas. It distinguishes between physical and chemical properties of matter, and between physical and chemical changes. It defines mixtures and pure substances, and classifies matter as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Key terms include the various states of matter, physical and chemical properties, and the classification of matter.
This document defines the classification of matter. There are two main categories: pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances include elements, which are made of only one type of atom, and compounds, which are two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances mixed together without chemical bonding. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous, where the parts can be seen, or homogeneous, where the parts cannot be seen. Heterogeneous mixtures are less pure than homogeneous mixtures.
The document discusses the classification and properties of matter, explaining that matter can be classified as either mixtures which contain more than one type of matter, or as substances which cannot be separated into different types of matter. It also describes the four states of matter - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - and how temperature influences the movement and arrangement of molecules in each state. Measurement techniques for determining the volume, mass, and amount of different types of matter are also outlined.
This document discusses the classification of matter. It defines mixtures as combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by mechanical means. Mixtures can be heterogeneous, with visible components, or homogeneous, appearing uniform. Pure substances cannot be broken down and include elements, which cannot be broken down further, and compounds, made of two or more elements joined in a fixed ratio. Elements are found on the periodic table and compounds are named according to the elements present and their ratios. The properties of materials, such as their conductivity, magnetism, and position on the periodic table, determine whether they are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
No, you do not need to learn the complete periodic table right away. Focus on learning:
- The names and symbols of the most common elements like H, He, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, etc.
- The overall layout and organization of the periodic table. Pay attention to how elements are grouped based on their properties.
- Key trends as you read across or down the periodic table, such as changes in atomic radius, electronegativity, metallic/non-metallic character.
As you study chemistry concepts involving different elements, you will naturally learn more of the periodic table over time. But it's
This chapter discusses the fundamental concepts of matter and chemical changes. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and describes its three main states as solid, liquid, and gas. Properties of matter are classified as either intensive or extensive. Physical and chemical properties are distinguished. Mixtures and compounds are introduced, where mixtures maintain the properties of the individual components and compounds exhibit new properties. Elements are defined as pure substances made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down further by chemical means. Chemical changes, in which the reactants are converted into products with different compositions, are described along with clues that indicate a chemical change has occurred. The law of conservation of mass, whereby the mass of the reactants equals the mass
The document discusses various topics related to matter and chemical changes. It defines elements and compounds, explains that compounds can undergo chemical changes while elements cannot, and states that the law of conservation of mass means the mass of reactants equals the mass of products in a chemical reaction. It also distinguishes physical and chemical changes, noting that only chemical changes alter the composition of matter.
5 1.1 Matter Powerpoint Part A Classification Of MatterNCVPS
The document provides an overview of classifying and studying matter. It defines matter as anything having mass and volume. It discusses the basic units of matter being atoms and classifies matter as either pure substances (elements or compounds) or mixtures. Elements contain only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. Mixtures are combinations of substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated physically. Mixtures are either homogeneous, appearing uniform throughout, or heterogeneous, visibly different throughout. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these key concepts.
The document summarizes key concepts about matter, including:
- Pure substances are classified as either elements or compounds.
- Elements contain only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more simpler substances.
- Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous based on how evenly distributed their parts are.
- Physical properties describe observable characteristics without changing a substance's composition.
- Chemical properties involve changes in composition through chemical reactions.
The document discusses different types of mixtures and substances including elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions. It also covers various separation techniques like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and provides examples of each. Finally, it reviews chemical and physical properties and gives examples of evidence of chemical changes.
This document discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. An element consists of only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances. A compound contains two or more elements chemically bonded together and has distinct properties from its constituent elements. A mixture is not chemically combined and can be separated into its components by physical means alone. Elements, compounds, and mixtures differ in their composition and the ways they can be separated.
This document provides an overview of properties of matter. It begins by defining the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while gases have no fixed shape or volume. The document then discusses physical and chemical properties and changes, defining the difference between physical and chemical changes. It provides examples of each. Density is also covered, defining concepts such as mass, volume, and density and providing practice problems. The document concludes by discussing elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Matter can be described by physical and chemical properties. Matter is capable of undergoing physical and chemical changes based on these properties.
Chapter 15:1, 10:1
Here are brief explanations of the key concepts:
- The composition of an element is fixed because elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom.
- The composition of a compound is also fixed, but compounds contain two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.
- Properties of mixtures can vary because mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Their compositions are not fixed.
- Mixtures can be classified as solutions, suspensions, or colloids based on whether the mixed substances are uniformly dispersed (solutions), settle over time (suspensions), or are dispersed with particles too small to settle but large enough to scatter light (colloids).
- Every sample of
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of atoms, which contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain different substances mixed together but not chemically combined. The three main states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Chemical and physical properties can be used to describe and identify matter.
This document discusses the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, with elements made of only one type of atom and compounds made by the chemical combination of elements. Compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements or other compounds. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together without chemical bonding, and can be either heterogeneous, with noticeably different parts, or homogeneous, with an even distribution making the parts indistinguishable.
This document discusses matter and its properties. It defines matter as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The document then discusses several physical properties of matter like viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, density, melting point, and boiling point. It explains processes like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and electrolysis that are used to separate mixtures based on these physical properties. The review questions ask about examples of physical changes, classifying mixtures, why mixtures vary, and separation processes.
Matter can be classified as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances have a fixed composition and include elements, which contain only one type of atom, and compounds, which contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Mixtures have a variable composition and include homogeneous mixtures, which are uniform throughout, and heterogeneous mixtures, where the distinct components can be seen. The document provides examples of elements, compounds, and mixtures to illustrate these classifications.
This document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines substances, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties can be used to identify and separate substances without changing their chemical identity. Physical changes alter a substance's size, shape or state but not its chemical identity. Chemical changes create new substances through rearrangement of atoms. The law of conservation of mass states the total mass remains the same during chemical changes.
This document defines key concepts about the properties of matter. It explains that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, while chemical properties involve chemical changes forming new substances. Matter can also be classified as pure substances like elements and compounds, or mixtures that are either homogeneous solutions or heterogeneous mixtures of different phases.
Chemistry - Chapter 2 matter and changeMr. Walajtys
This document provides an overview of chapter 2 which covers properties of matter, states of matter, mixtures, elements and compounds, and chemical reactions. It defines key terms including physical and chemical properties, extensive and intensive properties, elements, compounds, mixtures, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, physical and chemical changes, reactants and products. It also outlines the key objectives covered in each section and provides examples to illustrate important concepts such as the three states of matter, separating mixtures, symbols and formulas of elements, and the law of conservation of mass.
This document describes an activity to classify different types of matter as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are uniformly composed throughout and can be elements or compounds. Mixtures contain two or more substances and can be either homogeneous, meaning their composition is uniform, or heterogeneous, meaning their composition varies. The activity involves examining 10 different vials of matter and classifying the contents of each as a pure substance or mixture, and if a mixture, whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous. A table is to be completed with the classification and a reason for each vial.
1. The document discusses classifying matter and describes the differences between elements, compounds, mixtures and pure substances.
2. It explains that elements are the simplest substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by combining two or more elements.
3. Mixtures contain combinations of substances that are not chemically bonded, and can be separated using physical properties, whereas compounds require chemical changes to separate.
This document defines matter and describes its physical and chemical properties. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing the chemical composition, such as color, texture, temperature, mass, volume and density. Chemical properties involve a chemical change where the substances react to form new substances. Some key physical properties include the states of matter, melting/freezing points, and boiling/condensation points. Chemical changes create an entirely new substance that cannot be undone.
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. Examples of solids are ice and diamonds; examples of liquids are water and mercury. Gases include water vapor and oxygen. Characteristic properties like boiling point and melting point are used to identify substances and do not change, even if the substance changes state. Physical changes alter the substance's form through processes like melting or crushing, but do not change its chemical makeup. Chemical changes form new substances through chemical reactions.
This document discusses the classification of matter. It defines mixtures as combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by mechanical means. Mixtures can be heterogeneous, with visible components, or homogeneous, appearing uniform. Pure substances cannot be broken down and include elements, which cannot be broken down further, and compounds, made of two or more elements joined in a fixed ratio. Elements are found on the periodic table and compounds are named according to the elements present and their ratios. The properties of materials, such as their conductivity, magnetism, and position on the periodic table, determine whether they are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
No, you do not need to learn the complete periodic table right away. Focus on learning:
- The names and symbols of the most common elements like H, He, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, etc.
- The overall layout and organization of the periodic table. Pay attention to how elements are grouped based on their properties.
- Key trends as you read across or down the periodic table, such as changes in atomic radius, electronegativity, metallic/non-metallic character.
As you study chemistry concepts involving different elements, you will naturally learn more of the periodic table over time. But it's
This chapter discusses the fundamental concepts of matter and chemical changes. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and describes its three main states as solid, liquid, and gas. Properties of matter are classified as either intensive or extensive. Physical and chemical properties are distinguished. Mixtures and compounds are introduced, where mixtures maintain the properties of the individual components and compounds exhibit new properties. Elements are defined as pure substances made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down further by chemical means. Chemical changes, in which the reactants are converted into products with different compositions, are described along with clues that indicate a chemical change has occurred. The law of conservation of mass, whereby the mass of the reactants equals the mass
The document discusses various topics related to matter and chemical changes. It defines elements and compounds, explains that compounds can undergo chemical changes while elements cannot, and states that the law of conservation of mass means the mass of reactants equals the mass of products in a chemical reaction. It also distinguishes physical and chemical changes, noting that only chemical changes alter the composition of matter.
5 1.1 Matter Powerpoint Part A Classification Of MatterNCVPS
The document provides an overview of classifying and studying matter. It defines matter as anything having mass and volume. It discusses the basic units of matter being atoms and classifies matter as either pure substances (elements or compounds) or mixtures. Elements contain only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. Mixtures are combinations of substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated physically. Mixtures are either homogeneous, appearing uniform throughout, or heterogeneous, visibly different throughout. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate these key concepts.
The document summarizes key concepts about matter, including:
- Pure substances are classified as either elements or compounds.
- Elements contain only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more simpler substances.
- Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous based on how evenly distributed their parts are.
- Physical properties describe observable characteristics without changing a substance's composition.
- Chemical properties involve changes in composition through chemical reactions.
The document discusses different types of mixtures and substances including elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions. It also covers various separation techniques like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and provides examples of each. Finally, it reviews chemical and physical properties and gives examples of evidence of chemical changes.
This document discusses the classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures. An element consists of only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler substances. A compound contains two or more elements chemically bonded together and has distinct properties from its constituent elements. A mixture is not chemically combined and can be separated into its components by physical means alone. Elements, compounds, and mixtures differ in their composition and the ways they can be separated.
This document provides an overview of properties of matter. It begins by defining the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while gases have no fixed shape or volume. The document then discusses physical and chemical properties and changes, defining the difference between physical and chemical changes. It provides examples of each. Density is also covered, defining concepts such as mass, volume, and density and providing practice problems. The document concludes by discussing elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Matter can be described by physical and chemical properties. Matter is capable of undergoing physical and chemical changes based on these properties.
Chapter 15:1, 10:1
Here are brief explanations of the key concepts:
- The composition of an element is fixed because elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom.
- The composition of a compound is also fixed, but compounds contain two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.
- Properties of mixtures can vary because mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Their compositions are not fixed.
- Mixtures can be classified as solutions, suspensions, or colloids based on whether the mixed substances are uniformly dispersed (solutions), settle over time (suspensions), or are dispersed with particles too small to settle but large enough to scatter light (colloids).
- Every sample of
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of atoms, which contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain different substances mixed together but not chemically combined. The three main states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Chemical and physical properties can be used to describe and identify matter.
This document discusses the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, with elements made of only one type of atom and compounds made by the chemical combination of elements. Compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements or other compounds. Mixtures contain two or more substances mixed together without chemical bonding, and can be either heterogeneous, with noticeably different parts, or homogeneous, with an even distribution making the parts indistinguishable.
This document discusses matter and its properties. It defines matter as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are either elements or compounds, while mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The document then discusses several physical properties of matter like viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, density, melting point, and boiling point. It explains processes like distillation, filtration, evaporation, and electrolysis that are used to separate mixtures based on these physical properties. The review questions ask about examples of physical changes, classifying mixtures, why mixtures vary, and separation processes.
Matter can be classified as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances have a fixed composition and include elements, which contain only one type of atom, and compounds, which contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Mixtures have a variable composition and include homogeneous mixtures, which are uniform throughout, and heterogeneous mixtures, where the distinct components can be seen. The document provides examples of elements, compounds, and mixtures to illustrate these classifications.
This document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines substances, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Physical properties can be used to identify and separate substances without changing their chemical identity. Physical changes alter a substance's size, shape or state but not its chemical identity. Chemical changes create new substances through rearrangement of atoms. The law of conservation of mass states the total mass remains the same during chemical changes.
This document defines key concepts about the properties of matter. It explains that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. Physical properties can be observed without changing a substance's identity, while chemical properties involve chemical changes forming new substances. Matter can also be classified as pure substances like elements and compounds, or mixtures that are either homogeneous solutions or heterogeneous mixtures of different phases.
Chemistry - Chapter 2 matter and changeMr. Walajtys
This document provides an overview of chapter 2 which covers properties of matter, states of matter, mixtures, elements and compounds, and chemical reactions. It defines key terms including physical and chemical properties, extensive and intensive properties, elements, compounds, mixtures, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, physical and chemical changes, reactants and products. It also outlines the key objectives covered in each section and provides examples to illustrate important concepts such as the three states of matter, separating mixtures, symbols and formulas of elements, and the law of conservation of mass.
This document describes an activity to classify different types of matter as either pure substances or mixtures. Pure substances are uniformly composed throughout and can be elements or compounds. Mixtures contain two or more substances and can be either homogeneous, meaning their composition is uniform, or heterogeneous, meaning their composition varies. The activity involves examining 10 different vials of matter and classifying the contents of each as a pure substance or mixture, and if a mixture, whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous. A table is to be completed with the classification and a reason for each vial.
1. The document discusses classifying matter and describes the differences between elements, compounds, mixtures and pure substances.
2. It explains that elements are the simplest substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by combining two or more elements.
3. Mixtures contain combinations of substances that are not chemically bonded, and can be separated using physical properties, whereas compounds require chemical changes to separate.
This document defines matter and describes its physical and chemical properties. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing the chemical composition, such as color, texture, temperature, mass, volume and density. Chemical properties involve a chemical change where the substances react to form new substances. Some key physical properties include the states of matter, melting/freezing points, and boiling/condensation points. Chemical changes create an entirely new substance that cannot be undone.
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. Examples of solids are ice and diamonds; examples of liquids are water and mercury. Gases include water vapor and oxygen. Characteristic properties like boiling point and melting point are used to identify substances and do not change, even if the substance changes state. Physical changes alter the substance's form through processes like melting or crushing, but do not change its chemical makeup. Chemical changes form new substances through chemical reactions.
What is the matter? Academic Language Westlandesolwestlandesol
This document discusses the basic components and properties of matter. It defines an atom as the basic building block of elements and describes the main subatomic particles - protons, neutrons, and electrons. It also defines key terms like elements, molecules, compounds, and states of matter (solid, liquid, gas). The document explains that matter has physical properties like shape, size, and state of matter, as well as chemical properties related to its composition. It provides examples of physical and chemical changes and how to identify the difference between the two types of changes.
Here are the answers for Activity 1.8:
A.
a) Physical property (phase change)
b) Physical property (hardness)
c) Chemical property (electrolysis)
B. Identify whether the given process indicates physical change or chemical change.
Write the letter of your answer inside the circle.
a) Burning of paper
b) Melting of ice
c) Dissolving salt in water
d) Freezing water
e) Digestion of food
This document provides information about matter and changes of matter. It defines the three states of matter as solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that a physical change alters a material's properties but not its chemical makeup, while a chemical change creates a new substance. Examples are given of physical changes like cutting or melting and chemical changes like rusting or burning. A lab is described where students make bouncy balls and observe their properties changing, indicating a chemical reaction occurred.
201115985 power point slides ( matter and matterial)musa chauke
This document discusses the classification and states of matter. It begins by defining matter and classifying it into elements, compounds and mixtures. It then describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. Physical properties and chemical properties are distinguished. Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance while chemical properties involve changes to its identity. Common phase changes like melting, boiling, evaporation and condensation are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of matter and changes in states of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass, and describes the three common states as solids, liquids, and gases. Examples are given of materials in each state. Physical changes that do not alter the chemical makeup of a substance, like melting, boiling, and condensation, are distinguished from chemical changes where new substances are formed. The document also defines homogeneous materials as having identical properties throughout and heterogeneous materials as having varying properties due to different components.
This document provides an overview of key concepts about matter and chemical changes from a chemistry textbook. It defines matter and its three main states (solid, liquid, gas). It describes properties as either extensive (depending on amount) or intensive (depending on type). It differentiates between physical and chemical changes, elements and compounds, and mixtures and pure substances. It outlines clues that indicate a chemical change has occurred and introduces the law of conservation of mass.
This document provides an overview of matter for science students. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and notes that all objects are made of matter. Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which combine to form molecules. The document distinguishes between physical and chemical properties of matter. Physical properties involve changes in shape or state, like cutting or melting, while chemical properties involve chemical reactions that change a substance's composition or form new substances. Examples of each type of change are given to help students understand the difference.
This document provides an introduction to chemistry. It begins by defining chemistry as the study of matter and its properties. It then discusses the elements that make up the human body and where elements come from. There are several branches of chemistry including organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry. It also defines key chemistry concepts like matter, elements, compounds, physical and chemical properties and changes. It introduces the three states of matter and phase changes. Finally, it provides an overview of the periodic table, including the development of the periodic table and periodic trends and characteristics of different groups of elements.
This document provides information about elements and compounds for a 7th grade science class. It defines an element as a pure substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be separated into simpler substances. An element can combine with other elements to form compounds. A compound is made of two or more elements chemically bonded together to form a new substance with unique properties. The document lists examples of elements like copper and carbon, and compounds like water and table salt. It describes physical and chemical properties of elements and characteristics of compounds.
This document provides an overview of general chemistry concepts including:
1) Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels.
2) Matter is anything that has mass and volume, and can be classified according to its physical and chemical properties.
3) Physical and chemical properties allow matter to be distinguished, and physical and chemical changes can be identified.
This document provides an introduction to chemistry, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like elements, compounds, physical and chemical properties and changes.
2. An overview of the major branches of chemistry like organic, inorganic, physical and analytical chemistry.
3. Descriptions of the periodic table, including groups like alkali metals and halogens, and periodic trends.
This document provides an introduction to chemistry. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and its properties. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. There are several branches of chemistry including organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The document discusses the development of the periodic table by Mendeleev and its key elements like periods and groups. It also defines core concepts in chemistry including atoms, elements, compounds, physical and chemical properties and changes. Key topics covered are the three states of matter, phase changes, and the conservation of mass in chemical reactions.
Here are some common methods used to separate mixtures:
1. Sifting - Used to separate mixtures where components differ in size, such as separating sand and gravel. The smaller particles pass through the mesh, while larger ones are retained.
2. Magnetic separation - Used to separate mixtures where one component is magnetic, such as separating iron filings from sand. A magnet attracts and retains the magnetic component.
3. Filtration - Used to separate mixtures where components differ in physical state, such as separating solids from liquids. The liquid passes through the filter, while solids are retained.
4. Centrifugation - Used to separate mixtures where components differ in density, such as separating cream from milk. Spin
This document provides an overview of an integrated science course covering matter, its properties, and changes. The course is divided into four quarters, with the first quarter focusing on the scientific method and matter. This specific module covers topics related to matter, its properties, and changes. It includes two lessons - one on the properties, changes, and classification of matter, and another on the beneficial effects of physical and chemical changes on health and the environment. The module introduces students to the basic concepts of matter and its three main states (solid, liquid, gas), as well as mixtures and pure substances. It includes several hands-on activities for students to explore these concepts through observation and experimentation.
This document provides a lesson plan on the physical properties of matter for 8th grade chemistry. It includes objectives to differentiate physical properties and identify properties of solids, liquids, and gases. The lesson defines key terms like shape, volume, compressibility, and density. Examples are given of these properties for solids like gold bars, liquids like soda, and gases like oxygen. Students complete activities and evaluations to assess understanding of physical properties. Resources on states of matter and properties are provided for further learning.
MATTER ,BIOLOGY AND OTHER TOPICS FOR GRADE 6,7 ICSE SCIENCEtanushseshadri
This document provides an overview of key chemistry concepts covered in 8 chapters:
1. Matter - Describes the basic components and states of matter, as well as elements, compounds, mixtures, and changes of state.
2. Lab equipment - Lists and describes common lab equipment used for measuring, heating, mixing substances.
3. Measurement - Defines mass and weight, and how they are measured.
4. SI units - Explains the International System of Units for different quantities.
5. Energy - Covers types of energy and the SI unit.
6. Magnetism - Discusses properties and types of magnets.
7. Microscopes - Details parts and
This document provides information about matter and its properties. It defines the three states of matter as solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state and provides examples. It also discusses physical and chemical changes, explaining that physical changes alter a substance's properties but not its chemical makeup, while chemical changes create new substances. The document includes lab activities where students observe and classify samples based on their state and properties, as well as activities to demonstrate physical and chemical changes. It concludes by discussing how the weight of an object is equal to the sum of the weights of its parts before and after a change.
Certificate mie experts felix bunagan (1)Felix Bunagan
This certificate recognizes Felix Bunagan's participation in the Microsoft Innovative Educator program and their development of skills in knowledge, communication, collaboration, problem-solving, and use of information and communications technology, but does not represent training for Microsoft technical certifications. The certificate is signed by Anthony Salcito, Microsoft's Vice President of Worldwide Public Sector - Education.
This document provides learning materials about the refraction of light, including activities and explanations. The activities guide students to observe how a pencil appears different when placed in water due to the bending of light. Students are asked to measure angles of incidence and refraction using protractors and apply Snell's law to calculate how much light bends when passing from one medium to another at different angles. The goal is for students to understand the principles behind phenomena like why objects in water appear raised and how this relates to changes in the speed and direction of light.
This document describes a learning activity called "ILOG PASIG-lahin" aimed at raising awareness of pollution in the Pasig River. Students from Makati High School and the University of Makati were divided into groups to research the causes of pollution, document current restoration efforts, and create multimedia presentations to educate the local community. The goal was for students to gain experience addressing a real environmental issue while developing technical and collaboration skills through hands-on activities like community immersion, interviews, and using ICT tools to design outreach materials.
Water pollution in the Pasig River grew severely after World War II as population growth, construction, and industrialization led factories to dump their wastes into the river, turning it into an effective sewer. By the 1970s, the river smelled badly and fishing was banned in the 1980s as industrialization had polluted the river. By the 1990s, the Pasig River was considered biologically dead due to the unchecked pollution accumulating over decades.
The document discusses water pollution and the pollution of the Pasig River in the Philippines. It provides background on the Pasig River, describing how it was once an important transport route but became heavily polluted due to industrial waste and lack of treatment of human waste. Efforts are underway to rehabilitate the river through programs like Sagip Pasig Movement and Kapit Bisig Para sa Ilog Pasig, which aim to clean up the river and involve local communities to sustain rehabilitation and monitor pollution sources. However, the river remains polluted and unable to support life.
This document describes a learning activity called "Pasig River, Our Story" designed to raise awareness about pollution in the Pasig River. Students from Makati High School and the University of Makati were divided into groups. They researched the causes of Pasig River pollution through community immersion, interviews, and observation. Students also discussed government programs to restore the river. Finally, students used ICT tools like multimedia and video to create presentations promoting pollution awareness to the community. The goal was for students to better understand the real-world environmental problem while enhancing their skills and collaborating with the community.
This unit plan focuses on raising environmental awareness about water pollution in the Pasig River through a 4-week project for grades 10 and 12. Students will research the causes and impacts of pollution in the Pasig River, evaluate existing restoration programs, and interview local communities. They will then create multimedia presentations and other materials to promote awareness about the river's condition both within their school and to the outside community. The goal is for students to better understand the issue and find possible solutions to address pollution in the Pasig River.
This document provides a rubric for students to be evaluated on a video project created in teams for a course. The rubric assesses students on the concept or focus of the video, the script or storyboard creation, the content and organization of the video, the technical quality of the finished video, the teamwork during the project, and meeting deadlines. Points are assigned for levels of proficiency in each area, with exemplary work scoring highest and incomplete work scoring lowest.
This document outlines a rubric for evaluating project proposals with criteria including a clear project description, feasible design, likelihood of success, clear goals and products, appropriate student role and involvement, a reasonable budget and justification, and a suitable timeline. Criteria are scored on a scale from exceptional to poor.
The document outlines rubrics for evaluating photostories created by students at Makati High School in Makati City. It provides criteria for assessing content, theme, mechanics, and the finalized product. Points are awarded based on the number of pictures used, how easy the theme is to follow, spelling/grammar errors, and whether the photostory was completed and presented in class.
This rubric evaluates PowerPoint oral presentations for Makati High School students across several criteria in a point scale from 1 to 10. It assesses elements of the content, quality of delivery, techniques used, use of colors and graphics, inclusion of sounds or special effects, text length and format, and readability. A student can earn a total score based on demonstrating full understanding of the topic, actively engaging the audience without relying on notes, using a variety of self-created graphics, and ensuring text is brief, informative and easily readable.
The document summarizes the historical development of the atomic model and structure of the atom. It discusses:
1) Early scientists like Democritus, Leucippus, and Dalton who proposed ideas of atoms and atomic theory.
2) Experiments by Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Chadwick that led to the discovery of subatomic particles like electrons and neutrons and the nuclear model of the atom.
3) The modern atomic model consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in energy levels or shells.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
1. 1
CHAPTER 3: MATTER AND CHANGE
LESSON 1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Objectives
On completion of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Describe matter.
2. Compare physical and chemical properties of matter
3. Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
Introduction to Matter
Matter – anything that occupies space and has mass and weight.
Mass - the amount of matter present in an object. The more matter in an object, the
more mass it has. Keep in mind that weight is the effect of gravity on mass and are
not the same.
Volume- the amount of space occupied by matter. It is determined by its length, width and
height.
Composition- refers to what the object is made of (what atoms compose it and in what
proportion).
Property- refers to the characteristics of matter that we can use to distinguish one object from
another.
ACTIVITY 3.1.1: “BURNING MONEY”
Materials
1. Php 20.00 bill (higher denomination if you're brave)
2. tongs
3. matches or a lighter
4. salt (or one of these chemicals if you want a colored flame: lithium chloride, strontium
chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, , copper sulfate, copper chloride, potassium
chloride, magnesium sulfate)
5. solution of 50% alcohol and 50% water (you can mix 95% alcohol with water in a 1:1 ratio,
if desired)
Procedure:
1. Prepare the alcohol and water solution. You can mix 50 ml of water with 50 ml of
95-100% alcohol.
2. Add a pinch salt or other colorant to the alcohol/water solution, to help produce a
visible flame.
2. 2
3. Soak a dollar bill in the alcohol/water solution so that it is thoroughly wet.
4. Use tongs to pick up the bill. Allow any excess liquid to drain. Move the damp bill
away from the alcohol-water solution.
5. Light the bill on fire and allow it to burn until the flame goes out.
DISCUSSION
1. What did you observe happened to the peso bill?
2. What is the property of alcohol that makes the magic on “burning money”
3. Explain why the money did not burn/ What is a physical property?
INPUT
A. Physical Property is the properties that do not involve the making of new substances. The
following are two (2) types of physical properties
1. Intensive property- physical properties that can be readily observed using the senses
( taste, smell, hearing, sight, touch.) It. is a characteristic of a substance that can be
described but not measured do not depend on the amount of matter present.
2. Extensive property- physical properties of a substance that can be measured
numerically( dependent on the amount of matter present).
Table 3.1 - Summary of Different Physical Properties of Matter
Physical Property Description
Boiling Point : temperature which the liquid form of a substance becomes a
gas.
Buoyancy The ability to float in certain fluids
Conductivity The ability of a material to allow heat or electricity to flow through
it
Density the ratio of mass to volume
Ductility The ability to be drawn into fine wires. Copper, gold and silver
are ductile.
Elasticity The ability to retain its original shape after it is stretched or
compressed
Flexibility The ability of a substance to bend without breaking. Rubber,
some plastics and metals are flexible.
Form Substances with a regular shape, such as cube-shaped grains of
salt, are said to be crystalline. Substances with an irregular form,
such as starch, are said to be amorphous.
Hardness measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented
Impenetrability The inability of two bodies to occupy the same space at the
same time.
Luster The ability of an object to reflect light. Chrome faucets are said
to have a high lust because they are e bright and shiny. A flat
paint, on the other hand, has a low luster.
Malleability The ability to be hammered into thin sheets. Because gold and
aluminum can be made into very thin sheets or foils, they are
3. 3
B. Chemical Properties: are the properties that involve the formation of a new substance.
(example: when iron rusts or propane burns). It is an irreversible change that produces
one or several new kinds of matter apart from the original.
Table 3.2 - Summary of Different Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical Property Description
Combustibility the ability of a substance to burn (requires oxygen)
Flammability the ability of a substance to burn when exposed to a
flame
Light Sensitivity: the ability of a substance to change to a new
substance in the presence of visible light
burning
The ability to undergo rapid combustion or consume
fuel in such a way as to give off heat, gases, and,
usually, light; be on fire: The fire burned in the grate.
rusting
to decay or corrode and become unusable through the
action of rust ; to deteriorate or become impaired, as
through inaction or disuse.
fermentation
a change brought about by a ferment, as yeast
enzymes, which convert grape sugar into ethyl alcohol.
tarnishing
to dull the luster of (a metallic surface), especially by
oxidation; discolor.
Digestion
the process in the alimentary canal by which food is
broken up physically, as by the action of the teeth, and
chemically, as by the action of enzymes, and converted
into a substance suitable for absorption and
assimilation into the body
malleable substances.
Mass The amount of matter in an object
Melting Point Temperature which the solid form of a substance becomes
liquid.
Odor A substance can be described as odorless, burnt, flowery,
putrid, spicy, sharp, choking, nauseating
and suffocating
Physical State The condition of being a solid, a liquid or a gas.
Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent like water
Taste : There are four tastes: sweet, like sugar; sour like vinegar, salty,
like table salt; and bitter, like coffee. All flavors are either
combinations of these four tastes, or combinations of tastes and
odors
Temperature The hotness or coldness of a body
Texture: The feel of a substance to the fingers: fine, coarse, smooth,
gritty, silky, fluffy, waxy, etc.
. Viscosity: The measure of how easily a liquid flows. Liquids may be thin,
thick, runny, syrupy, etc.
The thicker the liquid, the more viscous it is. Tar or molasses are
viscous, water is not.
4. 4
respiration
the process in living organisms of taking in oxygen
from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide
( external respiration ). In terrestrial animals this is
affected by breathing air.
the chemical breakdown of complex organic
substances, such as carbohydrates and fats, that
takes place in the cells and tissues of animals and
plants, during which energy is released and carbon
dioxide produced ( internal respiration )
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES
ACTIVITY 3.1.2: Boil Water in a Paper Cup –
Materials : 1)Plastic with water
2) box of match
3) Candle
Procedure: Boil water in a paper cup filled with water. What happens?
Tips: Be sure that cup must have a flat bottom without a lip The cup should be filled nearly to
the top.
DISCUSSION
PROBEX (Predict-Observe- Explain)
Write your predictions, observation and explanation
Predict ______________________________________
Observe _____________________________________
Explain ______________________________________
Activity 3.1.3: “Clear Solution Mixture”
Materials : 1) betadine solution
2) sodium ascorbate (Vit C)
Procedure: Mix betadine solution (betadine & water) with sodium ascorbate.
What do you think will happen?
PROBEX (Predict-Observe- Explain)
Write your predictions, observation and explanation
Predict ______________________________________
Observe _____________________________________
Explain ______________________________________
Physical change - a reversible change that affects the physical property or form but not the
identity of matter. It does not produce new substances.
Example: Tearing a piece of paper, breaking a glass into pieces, molding clay
Chemical change - an irreversible change that produces one or several new kinds of matter
apart from the original.
Example: Rusting of iron, souring of milk
5. 5
APPLICATION:
Direction. Classify each of the properties listed below as extensive or intensive. Then classify
each property as physical or chemical. Write the word out to earn full credit.
Property
Extensive or Intensive
Property
Physical or Chemical
Property
color
combustibility
hardness
density
mass
melting point
ductility
volume
reactivity with acid
odor
weight
malleability
tendency to corrode
Directions, Part 2: Some measurements or descriptions of properties are listed below.
Write which property is being described in each case. Select properties that are listed in
the table from Part 1.
1) 15 dm3
A. ________________
2) can easily be hammered into sheets B. ________________
3) 2.8 g/cm3
C. ________________
4) burns when heated in the presence of O2 D. ________________
5) shiny metal forms a chalky white layer on its surface E. ________________
6) can be scratched by a diamond F. ________________
7) 500o
C G. ________________
8) can easily be drawn into a wire H. _______________
6. 6
LESSON 2: PHASE CHANGES OF MATTER
Objectives
On completion of the unit you should be able to:
1. Compare the different 4 phases of matter: changes: solid, liquid, gas and plasma
2. Explain the phase change diagram in relation to phase change.
PHASE CHANGE
A phase is a state of being, with the possibility of making a transition to another state
or phase. Phase of matter pertain to how the particles of the object are arranged and how
they interact with each other. As the phase ranges, these arrangement and interaction also
changes. The following tables compare the four (4) states of matter
Table 3.3 Summary of Four (4) States of Matter & Their Properties
4 States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
Volume/ Mass/
Density
Definite Volume
Definite Mass
Definite Density
Definite Volume
Definite Mass
Definite Density
Changes volume
Definite mass
Changes density
Changes volume
Definite mass
Changes density
Shape Definite shape Changes shape
depending on
the container.
Indefinite shape Indefinite shape
Movement and
collisions
Vibrate in place Roll or slide over
each other.
A few collisions
Bounce and collide Fairly fast
Electrons
stripped
Energy Low Medium High Extremely high
Examples Rock, paper,
scissors
Water, juice, tea Oxygen, hydrogen,
water vapor
Star, lightening,
incandescent
bulb
Compressibility
force or pressure
required
High Little Very little extreme pressure
- stars - gravity,
magnetic
Measured with Cubic meters... Liter, ml, qt. Gal. Cubic ...
7. 7
The following Figure 1 below shows the processes involved in phase change:
Figure 1 Phase Change and Processes of Changes
The processes involved in phase change are:
1. Melting = changing solid ------> liquid
2. Evaporation = changing liquid------> gas
3. Ionization = changing gas--------> plasma
4. Deionization = changing plasma ---> gas
6. Freezing = changing liquid-------> solid
7. Sublimation = changing solid--------> gas
8. Deposition = changing gas---------> solid
APPLICATION
Below is an illustration of water Cycle. Explain the phase change involved in water cycle.
8. 8
LESSON 3: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Objectives
On completion of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Draw a concept map on classification scheme for matter.
2. Explain the difference between pure substances and mixtures;
3. Classify matter as elements, compounds and mixtures.
4. Distinguish, metals, nonmetals and metalloids
5. Compare acid and bases in compounds
ACTIVITY3.3.1: Video Presentation on Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
To start your journey on exploring the kinds of matter, watch the video entitled Elements,
Compounds and Mixtures. After watching the video, answer the questions that follow.
DISCUSSION
1. How is an element different from a compound?
2. How is an element similar to a compound?
3. What is a mixture?
4. What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
5. Give examples of elements, compounds and mixtures.
INPUT
The concept map illustrates the major classifications of matter:
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A. PURE SUBSTANCE- matter having a definite set of properties and composition that cannot
be separated by physical means.
9. 9
1. Elements- substances made up only of one kind
of atom that cannot be separated chemically.
Table 3.4 - Summary of the Characteristics of Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
They are typically shiny,
good conductors of heat
and electricity, have a
high density, and only
melt at high
temperatures.
Metals are ductile and
malleable, so their shape
can be easily changed
into thin wires or sheets
. Metals will corrode,
gradually wearing away
like rusting iron.
Their surface is dull and they
are poor conductor of heat
and electricity. As compared
to metals, they have low
density and will melt at low
temperatures.
The shape of a nonmetal
cannot be changed easily as
they tend to be brittle and will
break.
They have properties of both
metals and non-metals.
Some of the metalloids, such
as silicon and germanium,
are semi-conductors. This
means that they can carry an
electrical charge under
special conditions. This
property makes metalloids
useful in computers and
calculators.
Ex. Iron, Gold, Silver,
Platinum, Copper,
Mercury
Ex.Sulfur, Chlorine, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, etc... .
The 7 diatomic elements
are: Hydrogen (H2); Nitrogen
(N2), Oxygen O2), Fluorine
(F2), Chlorine (Cl2) Iodine (I2),
Bromine (Br2)
Ex. There only 7 metalloids
such as Silicon(Si), Arsenic
As), Germanium (Ge)
Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te)
and Polonium( Po)
COMPOUNDS - chemical combinations of various kinds of element. They are made up of two
or more elements chemically combined.They have fixed or uniform composition and unique
properties of their own. When elements combine to form compounds, they do not retain their
unique properties. They can be break down into simpler substance only by chemical separation
methods.
Example: Water is a compound. It can be broken down
into simpler substances – hydrogen and oxygen.
Compounds are generally classified into three – the acids, bases, and salts.
Table 3.5 - Summary of Comparison of the Different Classes of Compounds
ACID BASE SALT
sour taste taste bitter usually a compound of a
metal with a single non-
metal other than oxygen
react with active
metals to produce
hydrogen(H)
react with active nonmetals to
produce hydroxide (OH)
give color changes
with indicators ( blue
litmus paper turns red
in the presence of an
acid substance
reverses the color change
produced by acids on
indicators (red litmus paper
turns blue in basic
substances
10. 10
neutralize bases neutralizes acids
Ex, hydrochloric acid
(H2SO4)
Ex Sodium hydroxide (NAOH) Ex. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Toilet bowl cleaner
acid; vinegar
Toothpaste, shampoo &
conditioner
B. MIXTURES- matter made up of two or more substances that are physically combined where
each component still retains its own characteristics.
1. Homogeneous Mixtures or Solutions- are mixtures that are uniform in composition and
properties in a given sample but composition and properties may vary with different samples.
2 .Heterogeneous mixtures have components that are very easy to distinguish from one
another. They exist in two or more phases.
Table 3.6 - Summary of the Different Types of Mixtures
Solution Suspension Colloid
solute particles have dissolved to
the point of ions, atoms, or
molecules
solute particles are evenly
dispersed through solvent
particles do not settle out with time
solute particles do
not dissolve fully
particles form
groups of ions,
atoms, or molecules
are evenly dispersed
through solvent, but
solution appears
cloudy
particles do not
settle out with time
really a mixture,
solute particles do
not dissolve
particles form large
groups of insoluble
particles
particles settle out
with time
particles are too small to see with
naked eye (less than 1 nanometer
= 0.000000001 m)
particles are usually
not seen with naked
eye (1 - 100
nanometers)
particles can be seen
with naked eye
(larger than 100 nm)
solute particles will pass through a
paper filter and a semipermeable
membrane; cannot be separated
except through distillation
solute particles will
pass through a
paper filter; can be
separated by a
semipermeable
membrane, i.e.,
cellophane and cell
walls
can be easily
separated by
filtering
may be dilute or concentrated;
may be unsaturated, saturated, or
supersaturated
degree of saturation is dependent
on temperature; ex, more sugar
will dissolve when tea is hot)
parts of a colloid
may be separated
by an
ultracentrifuge (spin
at very high speeds;
used to separate
blood)
there are 9 types of solutions,
based on the solute (1st) and the
solvent (2nd) + example:
solute solvent example
gas gas air
there are 3 types of
colloids:
gels - liquid
particles in a
solid, flow slowly
examples include
Italian salad
dressing, liquid
medicines that
require shaking
11. 11
gas liquid soda water
gas solid hydrogen in Pt
liquid gas water vapor in air
liquid liquid alcohol in water
liquid liquid silver amalgam
solid gas sulfur vapor in air
solid liquid sugar in water
solid solid brass
(gelatin, jelly,
stick deodorant)
emulsions - two
liquids
(mayonnaise,
hand cream,
milk)
aerosols - solid
or liquid in a gas
(fog, smoke,
paint-spray can)
before being taken;
and some paint
Separating mixtures
Sometimes it is important to be able to separate a mixture. There are lots of different ways to
do this. These are some examples:
a) Filtration
A piece of filter paper in a funnel can be used to separate a mixture of sand and water.
b) Heating / evaporation
Sometimes, heating a solution causes the water to evaporate, leaving the other part of
the mixture behind. You can try this using a salt solution.
c) Centrifugation
This is a laboratory process which uses the centrifugal force of spinning objects to
separate out the heavier substances from a mixture. This process is used to separate
the cells and plasma in blood. When the test tubes that hold the blood are spun round in
the machine, the heavier cells sink to the bottom of the test tube.
d) Dialysis
This is an interesting way of separating a mixture because it can be used in some
important applications. Dialysis works using a process called diffusion. Diffusion takes
place when one substance in a mixture moves from an area where it has a high
concentration to an area where its concentration is lower. This movement takes place
across a semi-permeable membrane. A semi-permeable membrane is a barrier that lets
some things move across it, but not others. This process is very important for people
whose kidneys are not functioning properly, an illness called renal failure.
APPLICATION
1. What happens is someone experience kidney failure?
2. How can you avoid kidney failure?
12. 12
SYNTHESIS
Part I .Complete the following diagram that shows the classification of matter
Part II. Classify each of the following substances as; an element, a compound, a solution, or a
heterogeneous mixture.
1. Sand 2. Salt 3. Pure Water 4. Soil
5. Soda 6. Pure Air 7. Carbon Dioxide 8. Gold
9. Bronze 10. Oxygen 11. Salad Dressing 12. Salt Water