CHEM. LESSON 1.pdf
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This document defines matter and describes its physical and chemical properties. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. Physical properties can be observed and measured without changing the chemical composition, such as color, texture, temperature, mass, volume and density. Chemical properties involve a chemical change where the substances react to form new substances. Some key physical properties include the states of matter, melting/freezing points, and boiling/condensation points. Chemical changes create an entirely new substance that cannot be undone.
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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- 2. What is matter? Anything made of particles. It has mass and volume (takes up space). Matter can be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
- 3. Physical Property- A trait of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the matter. No chemical reactions allowed!
- 4. 1. Color – how the object absorbs and reflects light
- 5. 2. Texture – how the substance looks and feels.
- 6. 3. Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of particles in a substance.
- 7. 4. Mass The amount of matter in an object (in g or kg).
- 8. 5. Volume The amount of space an object occupies (in mL, L, cm3 , m3 , etc.)
- 9. 6. Density – the ratio of mass to volume; reflects the degree of packing of particles in matter. D = m/v
- 10. Lowest density element: Hydrogen 0.0009 g/cm3
- 11. Highest density element: Osmium 23 g/cm3
- 12. 7. Luster The way that a substance reflects light (metallic, non-metallic, glassy, pearly, dull).
- 13. 8. Ductility Ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire.
- 14. 9. Malleability Ability of a substance to be hammered flat and to retain the new shape.
- 15. 10. State (phase) of matter What is the 4th state of matter (rare on Earth)?
- 16. 11) Melting Point/Freezing Point - The exact temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid or a liquid becomes a solid. For H2 O, what temperature is this? 12) Boiling Point/ Condensation Point - The exact temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas or a gas becomes a liquid. For H2 O, what temperature is this? EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT AND AN EXACT BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
- 17. Extensive -Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present. Mass, weight, volume, length
- 18. Intensive ◦Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present. ◦Color , odor, hardness, melting/freezing point, boiling point, density, malleability, luster
- 19. Chemical Property- A trait of matter that can only be observed if a substance has the property. In the process of testing the chemical property, the substance changes composition if it has that property. i.e. Does the substance chemically “react with” something else?
- 20. 1) Reactivity with oxygen : rusting (iron), tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc)
- 21. 2) Reactivity with water:
- 22. 3) Reactivity with acids or bases:
- 23. 4) Combustibility or Flammability:
- 24. 5) Chemical formula (chemical composition): What something is made of is always a chemical property. Ex: rust is Fe2 O3 water is H2 O diamond is C
- 25. All chemical properties are intensive. None are extensive. Why? Because chemical properties never depend on how much of a substance is present, but only on what kind of particles make up the substance.
- 26. Physical Changes in Matter Examples: Changes in 1.Shape 2.Texture 3.Size 4.Dissolves 5.Breaks Apart
- 27. Physical Changes in Matter EXAMPLES: Aluminum foil is cut in half Clay is molded into a new shape Butter melts on warm toast Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean Juice freezes Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand
- 28. Chemical Changes in Matter A chemical change in matter is when matter becomes something completely new. New matter is formed.
- 29. Chemical Changes in Matter Chemical change: The substances present at the beginning of the change are not present at the end; new substances are formed. The change cannot be “undone."
- 30. Chemical Changes in Matter CHEMICAL CHANGES THE MATTER IS DIFFERENT. THE PARTICALES OF THE SUBSTANCES ARE BROKEN APART THE OLD MATTER IS NO LONGER PRESNT ATOMS ARE REARRANGED INTO NEW PARTICLES THE ORIGINAL MATTER CANNOT BE REMOVED FROM THE NEW MATTER A NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED
- 31. Chemical Changes in Matter EXAMPLES: Milk goes sour Jewelry becomes tarnished Bread becomes toast Rust forms on a nail Gasoline is ignited Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut A match is lit Your body digests food Fruit decomposes and rots