Ultrasound guidance allow anesthesiologist increase security and efficacy of ophtalmic blocks. We can visualize staphyloma, local anesthetic diffusion, guide the needle .. let's have a look and come to practice with me in Bordeaux, France. Book a training on medtandem.com
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric OphthalmologistMadhu Karna
This document discusses factors affecting outcomes in resurgery for strabismus. Key factors include careful preoperative measurements, findings at initial surgery, risk of overcorrection based on patient characteristics, and unmasking of other ocular issues. The success rate for resurgery of congenital esotropia is 80-85%. Planning for resurgery involves reviewing previous records to identify virgin versus re-operated muscles. Expectations are for stable alignment, full eye movement, and good cosmesis. Resurgery is typically performed at least 2 months after initial surgery, except for specific cases. Reoperation is expected in 5-10% of strabismus surgeries and each reoperation increases the risk
The document discusses various types of extraoral radiographs including lateral jaw projections, posteroanterior views, cephalometric radiographs, Water's views, reverse Towne projections, and submentovertex projections. It describes the purposes, techniques, patient positioning, and anatomical structures visualized for each type of extraoral radiograph. Extraoral radiographs are used to examine large areas of the jaws, skull, sinuses, and temporomandibular joints as well as to detect fractures, lesions, and developmental abnormalities.
Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna StrabismologistMadhu Karna
Strabismus or misaligned eye resurgeries can be necessary when the initial surgery results in overcorrection, undercorrection, or a progressive problem. Key factors for resurgery include amblyopia, high hyperopia, assessing the initial surgery results and any new components. It is important to fully treat amblyopia before initial strabismus surgery. For cases of consecutive exotropia after surgery, measuring the eye alignment over maximum cycloplegic refraction can help determine if a resurgery is needed to correct the exotropia. Being conservative or aggressive in the resurgery approach depends on whether the strabismus is mainly sensory or requires additional muscle weakening. The goal is to
Extraoral radiographs are used to examine areas not fully covered by intraoral films and to evaluate the cranium, face, and cervical spine. There are several types of extraoral projections defined by the anatomical plane they image. Key criteria for selecting a projection include spatially localizing pathology and obtaining at least two images at right angles. Proper patient positioning and central beam alignment are required to obtain diagnostic images and minimize distortion. Lateral skull, posteroanterior skull, submentovertex, Waters, and reverse-Towne projections are described in terms of image receptor placement, patient positioning, central beam alignment, and the resultant anatomy visualized.
Ceph /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document describes various extraoral imaging techniques used in dentistry including lateral skull, submentovertex, Waters, posteroanterior skull, and reverse-Towne projections. For each technique, it provides details on positioning of the image receptor and patient, direction of the central x-ray beam, and anatomical structures visible in the resultant image. Common indications for each technique are also listed. Extraoral radiographs provide important diagnostic information for evaluating facial bones, sinuses, and temporomandibular joints. Proper patient positioning is essential for obtaining high quality images.
This document contains a list of normal radiographic images of the left hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow. It includes postero-anterior, lateral, oblique, and axial views of the fingers, thumb, wrist, scaphoid, forearm, and elbow in various positions. The images document a full radiographic assessment of these areas.
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric OphthalmologistMadhu Karna
This document discusses factors affecting outcomes in resurgery for strabismus. Key factors include careful preoperative measurements, findings at initial surgery, risk of overcorrection based on patient characteristics, and unmasking of other ocular issues. The success rate for resurgery of congenital esotropia is 80-85%. Planning for resurgery involves reviewing previous records to identify virgin versus re-operated muscles. Expectations are for stable alignment, full eye movement, and good cosmesis. Resurgery is typically performed at least 2 months after initial surgery, except for specific cases. Reoperation is expected in 5-10% of strabismus surgeries and each reoperation increases the risk
The document discusses various types of extraoral radiographs including lateral jaw projections, posteroanterior views, cephalometric radiographs, Water's views, reverse Towne projections, and submentovertex projections. It describes the purposes, techniques, patient positioning, and anatomical structures visualized for each type of extraoral radiograph. Extraoral radiographs are used to examine large areas of the jaws, skull, sinuses, and temporomandibular joints as well as to detect fractures, lesions, and developmental abnormalities.
Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna StrabismologistMadhu Karna
Strabismus or misaligned eye resurgeries can be necessary when the initial surgery results in overcorrection, undercorrection, or a progressive problem. Key factors for resurgery include amblyopia, high hyperopia, assessing the initial surgery results and any new components. It is important to fully treat amblyopia before initial strabismus surgery. For cases of consecutive exotropia after surgery, measuring the eye alignment over maximum cycloplegic refraction can help determine if a resurgery is needed to correct the exotropia. Being conservative or aggressive in the resurgery approach depends on whether the strabismus is mainly sensory or requires additional muscle weakening. The goal is to
Extraoral radiographs are used to examine areas not fully covered by intraoral films and to evaluate the cranium, face, and cervical spine. There are several types of extraoral projections defined by the anatomical plane they image. Key criteria for selecting a projection include spatially localizing pathology and obtaining at least two images at right angles. Proper patient positioning and central beam alignment are required to obtain diagnostic images and minimize distortion. Lateral skull, posteroanterior skull, submentovertex, Waters, and reverse-Towne projections are described in terms of image receptor placement, patient positioning, central beam alignment, and the resultant anatomy visualized.
Ceph /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document describes various extraoral imaging techniques used in dentistry including lateral skull, submentovertex, Waters, posteroanterior skull, and reverse-Towne projections. For each technique, it provides details on positioning of the image receptor and patient, direction of the central x-ray beam, and anatomical structures visible in the resultant image. Common indications for each technique are also listed. Extraoral radiographs provide important diagnostic information for evaluating facial bones, sinuses, and temporomandibular joints. Proper patient positioning is essential for obtaining high quality images.
This document contains a list of normal radiographic images of the left hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow. It includes postero-anterior, lateral, oblique, and axial views of the fingers, thumb, wrist, scaphoid, forearm, and elbow in various positions. The images document a full radiographic assessment of these areas.
This document summarizes various squint surgeries performed by Dr. Gauree Krishnan. It discusses indications for squint surgery including correcting strabismus functionally and/or cosmetically. It describes optimal timing for surgery depending on squint type and patient age/sensory adaptations. Common surgical techniques are outlined including muscle weakening procedures like recession and marginal myotomy, and strengthening procedures like resection and advancement. General considerations for surgery and surgical steps are provided for various rectus muscle and oblique muscle procedures.
This document provides an overview of various pelvis x-ray projections, including their purposes, patient positioning, technical factors, and image evaluation criteria. It describes the anteroposterior (AP), inlet, outlet, Judet, and flamingo projections. The AP view examines the pelvic ring and bones. The inlet is perpendicular to the pelvic rim. The outlet assesses cephalad/caudal translation following trauma. The Judet views the acetabulum. And the flamingo series evaluates pubic symphysis instability with the patient in neutral, left foot raised, and right foot raised positions. Proper collimation, centering, orientation and other technical parameters are outlined for each view.
This document summarizes the current treatment options, outcomes, and controversies regarding refractive surgery in children. It reviews literature on various refractive surgery techniques like LASIK and PRK. While small studies show promise, there is no long-term data from large controlled trials. Key issues include risks of regression, flap complications, the impact of amblyopia on vision, and unknowns around healing in children. More research is still needed before refractive surgery can be considered routine for pediatric patients.
X-rays of the pelvic limb can help diagnose bone and joint abnormalities in dogs. Key views include lateral, ventrodorsal, and oblique images of the pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, and tarsus. Proper positioning and technical settings like kVp, mA, and exposure time are needed to obtain quality radiographic images. Abnormal findings may include fractures, osteoarthritis, tumors, and ligament injuries. Pelvic x-rays can assist with surgical planning and post-operative evaluation.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of shoulder arthroscopy procedures including patient positioning, room setup, skin marking of bony landmarks, creation of portals, and navigation of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space. It discusses the lateral decubitus position as the preferred approach and describes skin marking for the basic posterior, anterior superior, anterior inferior, and posterior lateral portals. Key steps are outlined including insertion of the arthroscope through the posterior portal for initial visualization of the glenohumeral joint.
This document provides 25 case studies of rhinoplasty procedures performed by Dr. K.O. Paulose at Jubilee Hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. It discusses the history and types of rhinoplasty, as well as detailing the external rhinoplasty procedure through descriptions and pre- and post-operative pictures. The document aims to educate patients about rhinoplasty through these case presentations.
Radiographs used in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
This document discusses special radiological views and techniques in orthopedics. It provides overviews of various projection views for imaging different parts of the body like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and spine. These include AP, PA, axial and oblique projections. It also summarizes applications of ultrasound and radioisotopic bone scanning in orthopedics, such as for detecting fractures, infections, tumors and assessing blood flow.
Analog radiography, also known as conventional radiography, involves exposing x-ray film to x-rays to produce radiographic images. It has been used in dentistry since the late 1890s and remains important for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessing treatment outcomes. While it has limitations like image distortion and superimposition, analog radiography is easy to use, cost effective, and prevents fraudulent images. Essential steps include using the correct film speed and angle, and taking diagnostic, working and recall radiographs for evaluation.
General principles of arthroscopy kle, belgaum, dr utkarsh dwivediUtkarsh Dwivedi
Arthroscopy involves using small cameras and surgical tools inserted into joints through small incisions to diagnose and treat joint problems. Key instruments used in arthroscopy include arthroscopes, probes, scissors, forceps, knives, and motorized shavers. Proper joint distension is important for clear visualization and maneuverability during the procedure. Anesthesia can involve local or regional nerve blocks, and a tourniquet may be used to improve visibility by reducing bleeding. Careful sterilization of instruments is crucial. Arthroscopy offers minimally invasive treatment of joint disorders with low morbidity.
This document discusses cephalometrics, which uses oriented radiographs to make head measurements. Cephalometrics is used to study craniofacial growth, diagnose orthodontic issues, and plan and evaluate orthodontic treatment. Key measurements taken from cephalometric radiographs and tracings include assessments of the skeletal classification, dental angulation, soft tissues, and airway.
This document discusses shoulder arthroscopy procedures. It begins with a brief history and introduction. It then covers preoperative considerations like reviewing records and examining the patient. Two common positioning techniques - lateral decubitus and beach chair - are described. Control of bleeding and portal placement are outlined. Common arthroscopic procedures and potential complications are listed at the end.
Cephalometrics (3) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
This document provides information about cephalometrics, which is the measurement of the head and face using radiographs. It discusses the history and development of cephalometrics beginning with the measurement of dry skulls by anthropologists. The discovery of x-rays allowed for the measurement of living subjects. Broadbent is credited with standardizing the cephalometric technique using a cephalostat and high-powered x-ray machine in the 1930s. The document outlines the technical aspects of producing lateral cephalograms including the x-ray apparatus, image receptor system, and cephalostat. It also discusses cephalometric analysis, landmark identification, and tracing techniques.
The document discusses the use of an exophthalmometer to measure exophthalmos. It describes how an exophthalmometer works by measuring the distance between the lateral orbital rim and the cornea. It outlines the normal measurement range and discusses different types of exophthalmometers, including the Hertel, Naugle, and Luedde versions. The document also provides guidance on examining a patient for exophthalmos and determining if further investigation is needed.
Panoramic radiography provides a wide view of the dental arches and associated structures using a rotating x-ray beam. It was developed starting in the 1920s to image the entire jaw at once. Modern panoramic machines use tomography to produce a single focused plane, known as the focal trough. This allows for detailed imaging of teeth and jaw structures while minimizing radiation exposure compared to full mouth x-rays. Panoramic images can reveal both normal anatomy as well as abnormalities, though some structures may appear as doubled "ghost images" due to the scanning technique.
This document discusses Bennett's fracture, which is an intra-articular fracture at the base of the first metacarpal. It occurs due to an axial blow to a partially flexed thumb. The anatomy and mechanism of injury are described. Treatment options include closed reduction, closed reduction with internal fixation using K-wires, and open reduction with internal fixation using screws if there is joint incongruity. Gamekeeper's thumb, which is a ulnar collateral ligament injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, and its treatment are also summarized.
The document discusses panoramic radiography, including:
- The focal trough is a curved zone where structures appear clearly on panoramic films.
- Panoramic machines rotate an x-ray tube and film cassette around the patient's head to produce a single image of the jaws.
- Positioning errors can produce artifacts that obscure anatomy, such as incorrect lip/tongue placement or improper Frankfort plane alignment. Precise patient positioning is important for diagnostic quality.
Colorado spine surgeon, Donald Corenman, MD provides a training on the benefits, use and technique of the O Arm surgical procedure. O Arm surgical technique benefits the surgeon and his team, along with the patient. Through reduced surgical time, increased accuracy of screw placement and reduction of incision size, O Arm is an effective surgical technique.
The document describes various anatomical structures of the orbit and eye, including:
1) The bony orbit is formed by the frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, zygomatic, ethmoid, and palatine bones. It contains openings like the optic canal and infraorbital foramen.
2) The extraocular muscles include the four recti and two oblique muscles originating at the orbital apex.
3) The orbit contains the lacrimal gland, eyelids, optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, and ophthalmic veins.
4) Common orbital pathologies discussed include thyroid orbitopathy, dermoid cysts, hematologic cysts, and cholesterol granulomas.
This document summarizes various squint surgeries performed by Dr. Gauree Krishnan. It discusses indications for squint surgery including correcting strabismus functionally and/or cosmetically. It describes optimal timing for surgery depending on squint type and patient age/sensory adaptations. Common surgical techniques are outlined including muscle weakening procedures like recession and marginal myotomy, and strengthening procedures like resection and advancement. General considerations for surgery and surgical steps are provided for various rectus muscle and oblique muscle procedures.
This document provides an overview of various pelvis x-ray projections, including their purposes, patient positioning, technical factors, and image evaluation criteria. It describes the anteroposterior (AP), inlet, outlet, Judet, and flamingo projections. The AP view examines the pelvic ring and bones. The inlet is perpendicular to the pelvic rim. The outlet assesses cephalad/caudal translation following trauma. The Judet views the acetabulum. And the flamingo series evaluates pubic symphysis instability with the patient in neutral, left foot raised, and right foot raised positions. Proper collimation, centering, orientation and other technical parameters are outlined for each view.
This document summarizes the current treatment options, outcomes, and controversies regarding refractive surgery in children. It reviews literature on various refractive surgery techniques like LASIK and PRK. While small studies show promise, there is no long-term data from large controlled trials. Key issues include risks of regression, flap complications, the impact of amblyopia on vision, and unknowns around healing in children. More research is still needed before refractive surgery can be considered routine for pediatric patients.
X-rays of the pelvic limb can help diagnose bone and joint abnormalities in dogs. Key views include lateral, ventrodorsal, and oblique images of the pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, and tarsus. Proper positioning and technical settings like kVp, mA, and exposure time are needed to obtain quality radiographic images. Abnormal findings may include fractures, osteoarthritis, tumors, and ligament injuries. Pelvic x-rays can assist with surgical planning and post-operative evaluation.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of shoulder arthroscopy procedures including patient positioning, room setup, skin marking of bony landmarks, creation of portals, and navigation of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space. It discusses the lateral decubitus position as the preferred approach and describes skin marking for the basic posterior, anterior superior, anterior inferior, and posterior lateral portals. Key steps are outlined including insertion of the arthroscope through the posterior portal for initial visualization of the glenohumeral joint.
This document provides 25 case studies of rhinoplasty procedures performed by Dr. K.O. Paulose at Jubilee Hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. It discusses the history and types of rhinoplasty, as well as detailing the external rhinoplasty procedure through descriptions and pre- and post-operative pictures. The document aims to educate patients about rhinoplasty through these case presentations.
Radiographs used in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
This document discusses special radiological views and techniques in orthopedics. It provides overviews of various projection views for imaging different parts of the body like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle and spine. These include AP, PA, axial and oblique projections. It also summarizes applications of ultrasound and radioisotopic bone scanning in orthopedics, such as for detecting fractures, infections, tumors and assessing blood flow.
Analog radiography, also known as conventional radiography, involves exposing x-ray film to x-rays to produce radiographic images. It has been used in dentistry since the late 1890s and remains important for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessing treatment outcomes. While it has limitations like image distortion and superimposition, analog radiography is easy to use, cost effective, and prevents fraudulent images. Essential steps include using the correct film speed and angle, and taking diagnostic, working and recall radiographs for evaluation.
General principles of arthroscopy kle, belgaum, dr utkarsh dwivediUtkarsh Dwivedi
Arthroscopy involves using small cameras and surgical tools inserted into joints through small incisions to diagnose and treat joint problems. Key instruments used in arthroscopy include arthroscopes, probes, scissors, forceps, knives, and motorized shavers. Proper joint distension is important for clear visualization and maneuverability during the procedure. Anesthesia can involve local or regional nerve blocks, and a tourniquet may be used to improve visibility by reducing bleeding. Careful sterilization of instruments is crucial. Arthroscopy offers minimally invasive treatment of joint disorders with low morbidity.
This document discusses cephalometrics, which uses oriented radiographs to make head measurements. Cephalometrics is used to study craniofacial growth, diagnose orthodontic issues, and plan and evaluate orthodontic treatment. Key measurements taken from cephalometric radiographs and tracings include assessments of the skeletal classification, dental angulation, soft tissues, and airway.
This document discusses shoulder arthroscopy procedures. It begins with a brief history and introduction. It then covers preoperative considerations like reviewing records and examining the patient. Two common positioning techniques - lateral decubitus and beach chair - are described. Control of bleeding and portal placement are outlined. Common arthroscopic procedures and potential complications are listed at the end.
Cephalometrics (3) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
This document provides information about cephalometrics, which is the measurement of the head and face using radiographs. It discusses the history and development of cephalometrics beginning with the measurement of dry skulls by anthropologists. The discovery of x-rays allowed for the measurement of living subjects. Broadbent is credited with standardizing the cephalometric technique using a cephalostat and high-powered x-ray machine in the 1930s. The document outlines the technical aspects of producing lateral cephalograms including the x-ray apparatus, image receptor system, and cephalostat. It also discusses cephalometric analysis, landmark identification, and tracing techniques.
The document discusses the use of an exophthalmometer to measure exophthalmos. It describes how an exophthalmometer works by measuring the distance between the lateral orbital rim and the cornea. It outlines the normal measurement range and discusses different types of exophthalmometers, including the Hertel, Naugle, and Luedde versions. The document also provides guidance on examining a patient for exophthalmos and determining if further investigation is needed.
Panoramic radiography provides a wide view of the dental arches and associated structures using a rotating x-ray beam. It was developed starting in the 1920s to image the entire jaw at once. Modern panoramic machines use tomography to produce a single focused plane, known as the focal trough. This allows for detailed imaging of teeth and jaw structures while minimizing radiation exposure compared to full mouth x-rays. Panoramic images can reveal both normal anatomy as well as abnormalities, though some structures may appear as doubled "ghost images" due to the scanning technique.
This document discusses Bennett's fracture, which is an intra-articular fracture at the base of the first metacarpal. It occurs due to an axial blow to a partially flexed thumb. The anatomy and mechanism of injury are described. Treatment options include closed reduction, closed reduction with internal fixation using K-wires, and open reduction with internal fixation using screws if there is joint incongruity. Gamekeeper's thumb, which is a ulnar collateral ligament injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, and its treatment are also summarized.
The document discusses panoramic radiography, including:
- The focal trough is a curved zone where structures appear clearly on panoramic films.
- Panoramic machines rotate an x-ray tube and film cassette around the patient's head to produce a single image of the jaws.
- Positioning errors can produce artifacts that obscure anatomy, such as incorrect lip/tongue placement or improper Frankfort plane alignment. Precise patient positioning is important for diagnostic quality.
Colorado spine surgeon, Donald Corenman, MD provides a training on the benefits, use and technique of the O Arm surgical procedure. O Arm surgical technique benefits the surgeon and his team, along with the patient. Through reduced surgical time, increased accuracy of screw placement and reduction of incision size, O Arm is an effective surgical technique.
The document describes various anatomical structures of the orbit and eye, including:
1) The bony orbit is formed by the frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, zygomatic, ethmoid, and palatine bones. It contains openings like the optic canal and infraorbital foramen.
2) The extraocular muscles include the four recti and two oblique muscles originating at the orbital apex.
3) The orbit contains the lacrimal gland, eyelids, optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, and ophthalmic veins.
4) Common orbital pathologies discussed include thyroid orbitopathy, dermoid cysts, hematologic cysts, and cholesterol granulomas.
Ultrasonography uses high frequency sound waves to generate images of the eye and orbit. It can be used to evaluate the anterior and posterior segments when the media is opaque, detect tumors, orbital disorders, and intraocular foreign bodies. A-scan provides axial length measurements, while B-scan produces two-dimensional images to assess conditions like retinal detachments, tumors, infections, and more. Proper probe positioning and interpretation of real-time gray scale images allow ultrasonography to evaluate a wide range of ocular and orbital pathologies in a non-invasive manner.
This document summarizes the surgical anatomy of the orbit and its relationship to the paranasal sinuses and eye. It describes the bones that make up the orbit, as well as its contents such as the extraocular muscles and lacrimal apparatus. Common pathologies involving the orbit from sinonasal disease or trauma are discussed, along with approaches for surgical management such as orbital decompression or optic nerve decompression. Imaging modalities for evaluating orbital pathology and indications for repair of orbital fractures are also summarized.
This document provides information on cranium views in radiography, including surface landmarks, baseline positions, tube angulation, patient preparation, basic views like frontal, lateral, and occipital, and special views like Caldwells, Towns, and sub-mento vertical. It describes the positioning, centering, and technical factors for each view. The purpose is to demonstrate the proper technique for obtaining diagnostic cranium radiographs.
B-scan ultrasonography uses high frequency sound waves to produce 2D images of ocular structures. It can be used to evaluate the anterior segment, posterior segment, tumors, vitreous pathology, retinal detachments, and more. The probe transmits sound waves which bounce off tissues and return echoes that are amplified and displayed. This allows visualization of the retina, choroid, lens, vitreous humor and other structures. B-scan is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many ocular conditions.
1) I am Dr Md Anisur Rahman Anjum passed MBBS from Dhaka Medical College in 1987. Diploma in Ophthalmology (DO) from the then IPGM&R (now it is Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU) in 1993. Felllowship in Ophthalmology FCPS from Bangladesh College of Physician and surgeon in 1997. I am now working as associate professor in General Ophthalmology in National Institute of Ophthalmology Dhaka Bangladesh which is the tertiary centre in eye care in Bangladesh.
These OSPE are dedicated to the postgraduate student who are decided to builds their carrier in ophthalmology. I hope that they will be benefitted if they solve these OSPE
This document provides information on various radiological techniques used in ENT. It describes X-rays of the paranasal sinuses including Waters and Caldwell's views. Common abnormalities seen on sinus X-rays like polyps, cysts and sinusitis are mentioned. Radiological evaluation of the neck includes lateral views to assess retropharyngeal abscesses. Sialography, bronchograms and barium swallow techniques are summarized. CT and MRI are briefly noted as important imaging modalities in ENT.
This document provides an overview of B-scan ultrasonography for ophthalmic use. It discusses how ultrasound works using sound waves, different transducer probes and frequencies. Higher frequencies have better resolution but shallower penetration. B-scans produce 2D images of the eye by converting reflected echoes. Techniques include axial, transverse and longitudinal scans in different positions. Examples show pathology detection. Proper technique sweeps the probe rotationally from limbus to fornix to view the entire posterior segment in five maneuvers: four quadrants and one macula scan.
The document discusses various radiographic techniques used in orthodontic diagnosis. It begins with a brief history of x-rays and their discovery by Roentgen. It then summarizes several intraoral and extraoral radiographs used in orthodontics including panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograms, posterior anterior views, and temporomandibular joint tomograms. It highlights the structures visualized and diagnostic information provided by each technique. The document also discusses digital radiography and its advantages over conventional radiography.
Imaging Modalities which are clinically used for the management various orbital diseases: Types, Methods, Indications and Contraindications, Advantages and Disadvantages, Identifying Points
Tuberculosis of the spine commonly affects the thoracolumbar region. It presents with back pain and stiffness, cold abscesses, and neurological deficits in advanced cases. On radiographs, it shows vertebral body destruction, disc space narrowing, and paraspinal abscesses. CT and MRI are more sensitive in detecting bone and soft tissue involvement. Management involves anti-tubercular treatment along with surgery to decompress the spinal cord and restore stability if needed. Complications include paraplegia, deformity, and sinus tract formation.
Thorough knowledge of the indications of various extra oral techniques allows accurate and timely diagnosis of various maxillofacial pathologies. Further, we can arrive at a diagnosis with minimum number of x-rays there by reducing patient exposure to radiation.
This document discusses various diagnostic imaging techniques for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including transcranial, transpharyngeal, transorbital, and reverse Towne's views. It provides details on positioning the patient, directing the central ray, and exposure parameters for each view. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are also summarized as they allow visualization of bony structures and soft tissues like the disc. The advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI are compared. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders that can be evaluated with these imaging techniques are listed at the end.
Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) uses a probe inserted down the esophagus to obtain high-quality images of the heart and blood vessels. It provides more detailed views than a standard echocardiogram. TEE is used to assess conditions such as infective endocarditis, valve disease, tumors, and aortic dissection. The procedure involves preparing equipment, positioning and monitoring the patient, inserting the lubricated probe, and obtaining standardized views of the heart. TEE allows for very close visualization of posterior heart structures but requires special expertise and carries a risk of injury.
"A Randomized, Observer-Blinded Determination of the Median Effective Volume ...Lucie Beylacq
"A Randomized, Observer-Blinded Determination of the Median Effective Volume of Local Anesthetic Required to Anesthetize the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa for Stimulating and Nonstimulating Perineural Catheters" Dr Xavier Paqueron, Dr Patrick Narchi, Jean-Xavier Mazoit, Dr François Singelyn, Dr Alain Benichou, and Dr Philippe Macaire
"Ultrasound- or Nerve Stimulation-Guided Wrist Blocks for Carpal Tunnel Relea...Lucie Beylacq
This study compared ultrasound-guided wrist blocks to nerve stimulation-guided wrist blocks for carpal tunnel release. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive blocks using either ultrasound or nerve stimulation guidance. The time to perform the blocks and the onset time of sensory block were measured. Ultrasound guidance took less time to perform the median and ulnar nerve blocks but nerve stimulation had a faster onset of sensory block. However, the success rate of achieving a complete sensory block was the same at 93% for both techniques. This study demonstrates that ultrasound guidance is as effective as nerve stimulation for wrist blocks for carpal tunnel release.
Quelle analgésie pour la chirurgie du genou ? Dr PaqueronLucie Beylacq
Xavier Paqueron
MOTS CLÉS
Prothèse totale de genou ; Analgésie postopératoire ; Bloc fémoral ; Bloc au canal des adducteurs ; Infiltration ; Analgésie multimodale
This document discusses the benefits of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. It begins with an introduction to Xavier Paqueron, an anesthesiologist in France. The rest of the document discusses how ultrasound improves the success rate, safety, and efficiency of regional anesthesia compared to nerve stimulation alone. Key points include reduced procedure time and local anesthetic volumes, real-time visualization of needle placement to avoid intraneural injection, and improved learning curve for ultrasound techniques. While ultrasound guidance provides benefits, the document notes mistakes like unintended needle or probe movement can still occur, so vigilance is important when using ultrasound.
This document discusses the benefits of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. It begins with an introduction to Xavier Paqueron, an anesthesiologist in France. The rest of the document discusses how ultrasound improves the success rate, safety, and efficiency of regional anesthesia compared to nerve stimulation alone. Key points include reduced procedure time and local anesthetic volumes, improved visualization of needle placement to avoid intraneural injection, and faster learning curves for ultrasound guidance. While mistakes can still occur, ultrasound allows real-time monitoring of needle position to help prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
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6. Coupe coronale de l’orbite au tiers postérieur
Médial
Supérieur
Ant
M Droit
Latéral
M Droit Sup
M Droit Inf
M Droit Medial
V Opht Inf
V Opht Sup
M Grand oblique
Artère ophtalmique
N nasociliaire
N VI
N Frontal
N III
N Lacrymal
N Optique
CONTENU DU CÔNE
Lucie BEYLACQ M.D. BORDEAUX FRANCE
7. ARTERE
OPHTALMIQUE
NERF OPTIQUE
Muscle Droit Inférieur
Muscle Droit Supérieur
Muscle Droit Médial
ANTERIEUR
MEDIAL
SUPERIEUR
VUE MEDIALE
NERF OPTIQUE /
ARTERE OPHTALMIQUE
Lucie BEYLACQ M.D. BORDEAUX FRANCE
8. COUPE CORONALE du NERF OPTIQUE
ARACHNOÏDE
NERF OPTIQUE
ARTERE
CENTRALE
RETINE
Gaine du nerf optique
NERF OPTIQUE /
ARACHNOIDE
Lucie BEYLACQ M.D. BORDEAUX FRANCE
9. INNERVATION SENSITIVE
du GLOBE
N Frontal
N Lacrymal
N Naso- Ciliaire
V2 N Maxillaire
Foramen Rond
V3 N Mandibulaire
Foramen Ovale
Ganglion de Gasser N Trijumeau
N Optique
Canal optique
Vue supérieure de l’orbite
Temporal
Antérieur
V1 N Ophtalmique
Fente Sphénoïdale
Lucie BEYLACQ M.D. BORDEAUX FRANCE
10. N naso-ciliaire
INNERVATION du GLOBE
III
II
IV
V2 N Infra obitaire
V1 N frontal
V1
N Ciliaires longs
N Ciliaires courts
Gglion ciliaire
Coupe schématique sagittale de l’orbite
Supérieur
Antérieur
VI
Motrice
Sensitive
Lucie BEYLACQ M.D. BORDEAUX FRANCE
16. Stevens JD. A new local anesthesia technique for cataract extraction by one quadrant sub-
Tenon's infiltration. The British journal of ophthalmology. 1992;76(11):670-4.
Sub Tenonien
Block
17. Atkinson WS. Local Anesthesia in Ophthalmology. Transactions of the American
Ophthalmological Society. 1934;32:399-451.
Atkinson WS. Local Anesthesia in Ophthalmology. Transactions of the American
Ophthalmological Society. 1934;32:399-451.
Retrobulbar
Block
31. NORMAL GLOBE
US & STAPHYLOMA ?
POSTERIOR STAPHYLOMA
US & Staphyloma :
YES
32. SEIZURE ?
Cerebrospinal fluid ?
Orbital Fissure?
Atkinson WS. Local Anesthesia in Ophthalmology. Transactions of the American
Ophthalmological Society. 1934;32:399-451.
Where is the injection ?
COUPE CORONALE du NERF OPTIQUE
ARACHNOÏDE
NERF OPTIQUE
ARTERE
CENTRALE
RETINE
Gaine du nerf optique
OPTIC NERVE
Retina central
artery
Optic nerve
sheath
ARACHNOÏD
OPTIC NERVE CORONALVIEW
38. INTRA- MUSCULAR INJECTION
TDM A: coupe Sagittale B: coupe Frontale;
C reconstruction 3D
A
B
C
INJECTA
Superior M
Optic N
Superior M +
INJECTA
DIPLOPIA
Sagital orbital view 3OD
Crânial
Postérieu
45. YESTERDAY !!!
US & Ophtalmic Blocks
The Ultrasonic Localisation of Retrobulbar Needles during
Retrobulbar Block
Alexander A. Birch, MD, ark Evans, BS, Ellen Redembo, COA
Ophthalmology volume 102, Issue 5, May 1995, Pages 824-826 1995
1999
46. TODAY again..
Abstract 161 ASRA 2010
Ultrasound-Guided Retrobulbar Block is Feasible and Safe in
Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Surgery
Sean DaSilva, M.D. Sugantha Ganapathy, FRCPC - University Western Ontario - London, Ontario
Maxim Rachinsky, M.D. - University Western Ontario - London, Ontario
ASRA 2010
BJA 2008
ASA 2011
47. ASA 2011
and again...
RAPM 2012
E-Poster Discussion 10
Friday- september 07, 2012
16:10-16:15
Ultrasound -guided peribulbar block: a 17 patients case serie
L. Beylacq,A. Lasserre, M. Chouraqui, M. Penna, P. Maurette, K. Nouette-Gaulain
University hospital, Bordeaux, France
ESRA 2012
48. WHEN ?
• Yesterday : ultrasound and ophtalmic indications
• TODAY, every day, for all the patients : Imaging
time before regional anesthesia
• TOMORROW :
• Ultrasound Guided Peribulbar block
• Ultrasound Guided Retrobulbar block
54. ULTRASOUND
and
Every day EYE Block : level 1
1. Is it SECURE to perform Eye Block with my usual
technic? SECURITY
= are there contra indications?
= Staphyloma?
2. Will my eye block be efficient? PREDICTIBILITY
= where is the Local Anesthesic spread target?
55. 1. Can I perform EFFICIENT Eye Block ?
SUCCESS
= where can I put the Needle? the Probe?
Can I reduce the volume?VOLUME
2. Can I extend the indications?
= What about Staphyloma? can I even block?
Guidance = PRECISION, SECURITY and
ULTRASOUND
and
Expert EYE Block : level 2
56. IMAGING- TIME
• Why ?
• Identify staphyloma
• Visualise local anesthetic position
57. 1/ Horizontal
&Vertical positions
1ANT
INF
Picture 1: horizontal position of the
probe angled at 23° nasal
ANT
INF
Picture 2 : incidence N°1 Horizontal
centered on the
globe inclined at 23° nasal
Picture 1: Reference views
1: horizontal probe position
2: vertical probe position
Nose
2
1
Picture 3: Incidence N°2 Vertical
centered on the globe at 23° en
nasal
SUP
INT
Picture 4: vertical position of
the probe inclined at 23° en
nasal
SUP
INT
84. Abstract 161 ASRA 2010
Ultrasound-Guided Retrobulbar Block is Feasible and Safe in
Patients Undergoing Vitrectomy Surgery
Sean DaSilva, M.D. Sugantha Ganapathy, FRCPC - University Western Ontario - London, Ontario
Maxim Rachinsky, M.D. - University Western Ontario - London, Ontario
ULTRASOUND
GUIDANCE ?
Stop study
85. ULTRASOUND
GUIDANCE ?
E-Poster Discussion 10
Friday- september 07, 2012
16:10-16:15
Ultrasound -guided peribulbar block:
a 17 patients case serie
L. Beylacq,A. Lasserre, M. Chouraqui, M.
Penna, P. Maurette, K. Nouette-Gaulain
97. Many Many Thanks
Simone Pajunk
Gamida team
Pr X. Capdevila, Dr O. Choquet, Dr P.Macaire
Bordeaux resident team and colleague
Mahira Penna, Mikhael Chouraqui, Thomas laterrade, Frederique Boutin, Amelie Lasserre
and Pr Karine Nouette-Gaulain
& WELCOME IN BORDEAUX