This document provides an overview of various pelvis x-ray projections, including their purposes, patient positioning, technical factors, and image evaluation criteria. It describes the anteroposterior (AP), inlet, outlet, Judet, and flamingo projections. The AP view examines the pelvic ring and bones. The inlet is perpendicular to the pelvic rim. The outlet assesses cephalad/caudal translation following trauma. The Judet views the acetabulum. And the flamingo series evaluates pubic symphysis instability with the patient in neutral, left foot raised, and right foot raised positions. Proper collimation, centering, orientation and other technical parameters are outlined for each view.
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Dear friends
It is beneficial for the students of diploma, graduates and masters. It contains complete radiographic views of chest radiography-routine &special. I think that it will helpful for your study and practical knowledge. You can read through this ppt and apply on your practice and get better images according this way. Thanks
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Indications, patient positioning, part positioning, Central beam direction, cassette size, collimating part, Tube distance. Buckey grid, exposure.
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Images of radiographic positioning and radiographic film X rayed.
Exposure factors had been taken under the Machine used (Allengers 500 mA) under Digital radiography.
Anatomia y Posicionamiento de las extremidades superiores. Deseo aclarar que el video no me pertenece de ninguna manera. Se esta compartiendo publicamente con el fin de ayudar a los futuros tecnologos a obtener conocimiento para su revalida.
CHEST RADIOGRAPHY - Routine & special radiographsAYUSHKUMAR325807
Dear friends
It is beneficial for the students of diploma, graduates and masters. It contains complete radiographic views of chest radiography-routine &special. I think that it will helpful for your study and practical knowledge. You can read through this ppt and apply on your practice and get better images according this way. Thanks
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3. PELVIS ANATOMY
The pelvis is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between
the abdomen and the thighs.
It includes several structures : the bony pelvis, the pelvic cavity, the pelvic
floor, and the perineum.
The pelvic spine consists of the sacrum and coccyx.
At birth, each pelvic half consists of 3 separate primary bones:
The Ilium
The Ischium
The Pubis
These bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
8. The AP pelvis view is part of a pelvic series examining the
iliac crest, sacrum, proximal femur, pubis, ischium and the
great pelvic ring. It is of considerable importance in the
management of severely injured patients presenting to
emergency departments.
Patient position
patient is supine
lower limbs are internally rotated 15-25° from the hip
(do not attempt this if a fracture is suspected)
PELVIS ANTEROPOSTERIOR PROJECTION
10. Technical factors
AP projection
Centring point
The midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
Collimation
Laterally to the skin margins
Superior to above the iliac crests
Inferior to the proximal third of the femur
Orientation
Landscape
Detector size
35 cm x 43 cm
Exposure
70-80 kVp
20-30 mAs
SID
100 cm
Grid
Yes
11. Image Technical Evaluation
Entirety of the bony pelvis is imaged from superior of
the iliac crest to the proximal shaft of the femur.
Obturator foramina appear equal.
Iliac wings have an equal concavity.
Greater trochanters of the proximal femur are in profile.
12. The AP outlet view is part of a pelvic series examining the iliac crest,
sacrum, proximal femur, pubis, ischium and the great pelvic ring. It is
of considerable importance in the management of severely injured
patients presenting to emergency departments. This particular view
allows for assessment of the cephalic/caudal translation and superior
migration of the hemipelvis following trauma.
Patient position
Patient is supine
Lower limbs are internally rotated 15-25° from the hip (do not
attempt this if a fracture is suspected)
Patient hands are out of the way of the imaging field
ANTERO POSTERIOR OUTLET PROJECTION
14. Technical factors
AP axial projection
Centring point
5 cm distal to the superior pubic symphysis border
The central ray is angled 20-35° cephalic for males and 30-45° for females.
Ensure primary beam is aligned with the image receptor
Collimation
Laterally to the skin margins
Superior to above the iliac crests
Inferior to the proximal femur
Orientation
landscape
Detector Size
35 cm x 43 cm
Exposure
70-80 kVp
20-30 mAs
SID
100 cm
Grid
yes
15. Image technical evaluation
The entirety of the bony pelvis is imaged from superior
of the iliac crest to the proximal shaft of the femur.
The pubic symphysis should be central to the image with
little to no patient rotation.
There is a clear demonstration of both the anterior and
inferior pubic ramus with little to no foreshortening
16. The AP inlet view is part of a pelvic series examining the iliac
crest, sacrum, proximal femur, pubis, ischium and the great pelvic ring.
It is of considerable importance in the management of severely injured
patients presenting to emergency departments 1. This particular view is
perpendicular to the pelvic rim, allowing for assessment of any
suspected narrowing or widening of that rim. Additionally it is used to
assess anterior-posterior displacement of pubic rami fractures.
Patient position
patient is supine
lower limbs are internally rotated 15-25° from the hip (do not
attempt this if a fracture is suspected)
patient's hands are out of the way of the imaging field
ANTERO POSTERIOR INLET PROJECTION
18. Technical factors
AP superoinferior projection
Centering point
Midline at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
The central ray is angled 25-40° caudal to be perpendicular to the plane
Ensure central ray is aligned with the image receptor
Collimation
Laterally to the skin margins
Superior to above the iliac crests
Inferior to the proximal femur
Orientation
Landscape
Detector size
35 cm x 43 cm
Exposure
70-80 kVp
20-30 mAs
SID
100 cm
Grid
Yes
19. Image technical evaluation
The entirety of the bony pelvic rim is central to the image
without superimposition
The iliac wings are evident on the superior portion of the
image, the inferior and superior pubic rami are
superimposed on the inferior portion.
20. The oblique pelvis otherwise known as the Judet view is an additional
projection to the pelvic series when there is suspicion of an acetabular
fracture.
The Judet view is comprised of two projections, first the iliac oblique
for assessment of the posterior column and anterior wall of the
acetabulum; secondly, the obturator oblique view demonstrating
the anterior column of the pelvis along with the posterior wall of
the acetabulum.
PELVIS JUDET PROJECTION
21. Patient position
1. Iliac oblique
patient is supine
the unaffected side is rotated roughly 45°anterior, generally
aided with a 45° sponge
it is advisable the patient is central on the table and at no risk
of over rolling
2. Obturator oblique
patient is supine
the affected side is rotated roughly 45° anterior, generally
aided with a 45° sponge
ensure the patient is central on the table and at no risk of over
rolling
22.
23. Technical factors
Centring point
Iliac oblique
5 cm distal and 5 cm medial of the ASIS closest to the image receptor
Obturator oblique
5 cm distal and 5 cm medial of the ASIS that is rolled up anterior to the image receptor
Collimation
Superior to the level of the ASIS
Inferior to the proximal femur
Laterally to the skin margins
Medially to the pubic symphysis
Orientation
Portrait
Detector size
24 cm x 30 cm
Exposure
70-80 kVp
10-20 mAs
SID
100 cm
Grid
Yes
24. Image technical evaluation
The iliac oblique projection should demonstrate the
anterior rim of the acetabulum as well as the posterior
ilioischial column. The iliac wing, as it is 'flatten' out on
the image should be well demonstrated.
The obturator oblique projection should confidently show
the posterior rim as well as the anterior ilioischial line, as
per the name the obturator foramen is well demonstrated.
25. The flamingo view series of the pelvis is a specialized
orthopedics series consisting of three separate pelvis
projections. It is used for assessing instability of the pubic
symphysis, often in the context of previous pelvic trauma.
This projection should only be performed under specialist
supervision or referral.
Patient position
The series is comprised of three separate projections
traditionally performed AP erect, however patients with
balance issues can benefit from a PA projection.
PELVIS FLAMINGO PROJECTION
26. Neutral
patient is erect with both feet evenly planted on the ground
standing AP (or PA) with the posterior aspect of the pelvis resting against the
upright detector
patient's hands are out of the way of the imaging field
Left foot raised
patient is erect with left foot off the floor for the projection, patient is reminded
to place weight on right foot
standing AP (or PA) with the posterior aspect of the pelvis resting against the
upright detector
patient's hands are out of the way of the imaging field
Right Foot Raised
patient is erect with right foot off the floor for the projection, patient is
reminded to place weight on left foot
standing AP (or PA) with the posterior aspect of the pelvis resting against the
upright detector
patient's hands are out of the way of the imaging field
28. Technical factors
AP/PA erect dynamic projection
Centering point
The midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
Collimation
Laterally to the skin margins
Superior to include the anterior superior iliac spine
Inferior to the proximal third of the femur
Orientation
Landscape
Detector size
35 cm x 43 cm
Exposure
70-80 kVp
20-30 mAs
SID
100-150 cm
Grid
Yes
29. Image technical evaluation
Clear annotations indicating what image the projection
is in the series
Entirety of the superior and inferior pubic rami visulised
Proximal femur visible
30. CONCLUSION
YOU CANNOT SEE THE RADIATION….
YOU CANNOT SMELL THE RADIATION…
YOU CANNOT FEEL THE RADIATION…..