Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Role of cephalometry and panoramic radiographs in orthodontics.drjibis
ITS A CONCISE SLIDES ON THE ROLE OF CEPHALOMETRY AND OPG IN ORTHODONTICS, PREPARED BY ME AND ASSISTED BY DR. ZARAH ADAM FROM UMTH MAIDUGURI. DONT FORGET TO ATLEAST DROP A COMMENT.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Role of cephalometry and panoramic radiographs in orthodontics.drjibis
ITS A CONCISE SLIDES ON THE ROLE OF CEPHALOMETRY AND OPG IN ORTHODONTICS, PREPARED BY ME AND ASSISTED BY DR. ZARAH ADAM FROM UMTH MAIDUGURI. DONT FORGET TO ATLEAST DROP A COMMENT.
Radiology in orthodontics dr.kavitha /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Specialized radiographic techniques /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Management of impacted teeth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Rme final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Rme final /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Paralleling and bisecting radiographic techniquesDr. Ritu Gupta
this is the seminar for Undergraduate students consisting of initial paralellelig and bisecting radiographic techniques, history, types, size, extraoral films, technical errors, radiographic examination in special children
Postero anterior cephalometrics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Forensic dentistry is the complete evaluation and examination of dental evidence to aid in administration of criminal as well as civil justice.
Medicolegal significance of teeth, bite marks, dental development ( from neonates to adults and changes at old age )
Used for identification, racial significance in mass disasters, mutilated bodies, DNA analysis, toxicological analysis in cases of poisoning.
Age estimation in civil cases, solving discrepancy of age for athletes playing sports for national and international academy.
various others importance too.
Midline shift /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Growth pattern of mandible /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Orthodontic records /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Radiographs used in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. Radiographs used in
Orthodontics
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in Continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Introduction
Essential in orthodontic diagnosis
Wilhelm conrad roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895.
Two kinds of radiograph required for orthodontic
diagnosis:
1. Those taken to provide information regarding the
condition of teeth,the periodontium and the bony
structures.
2. Assessment of the malocclusion in relation to the facial
skeletal structure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Uses of radiographs in
orthodontics
To asses general development of dentition ,presence
absence and state of eruption of the teeth.
Detection of any pathologies associated with the teeth
and jaws.
To determine the number, size and shape of the teeth.
To determine the extent of root resorption of
deciduous teeth and root formation of permanent
teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Uses of radiographs in
Orthodontics
To study the character of alveolar bone.
Valuable aid in cranio-dentofacial analysis.
For the calculation of total tooth material
[mesiodistal dimension of permanent teeth]
To confirm the axial inclination of the roots of teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Intra oral periapical radiograph
Periapical radiograph are intended to show all of
a tooth including its surrounding bone.
A full series of IOPA [10-16 films] is required
for assesment of the periodontal state.
.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Uses of IOPA
To confirm the presence or absence of supernumerary
teeth.
To asses the extent of calcification and root formation of
teeth.
To study the extent of periapical pathology and root
fractures.
To study the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament
space.
To asses axial inclination of roots.
To determine the size and shape of unerupted teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Advantage of IOPA
Low radiation dose
Possible to obtain localised views of the area
of interest.
They offer excellent clarity of teeth and their
supporting stuctures.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Disadvantage of IOPA
Assesment of entire dentition requires too
many radiographs.
Children may not allow placement of intraoral
film
Cannot be used in patients having high gag
reflex and trismus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Bitewing radiographs
Bitewing radiographs are used primarily to
record the coronal portion of the maxillary and
mandibular posterior dentition along with their
supporting stuctures.
.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Used To detect
Interproximal caries in early stage of development.
Secondary caries below restorations.
Height and contour of interdental alveolar bone.
Calculus deposits in interproximal areas.
Over hanging proximal restorations
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Occlusal Radiographs
Indicated when a requirement to visualize
a relatively large segment of a dental arch,
including the palate or floor of the mouth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Uses of occlusal radiographs
To precisely locate roots, supernumerary, unerupted
and impacted teeth.
To localize foreign bodies in the jaws and stones in
the ducts of salivary glands.
To evaluate the integrity of the anterior, medial and
lateral outline of the maxillary sinus.
In providing information relative to the location,
nature, extent and displacement of fractures of
maxilla and mandible.
To determine the medial and lateral extent of
pathoses and detect their presence in the palate.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Extra Oral Radiographs
Panoramic Radiography:
Pantomography or Rotational radiography
Radiographic procedure that produces a single image of
the facial structures, including both maxillary and
mandibular arches and their supporting structures.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Advantages of OPG
Broad anatomic region imaged.
Relatively low patient radiation dose.
Relative convenience, ease and speed with
which the procedure may be performed.
Performed on patient who are unable to open
the mouth.
Inter-operator variation is minimal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Disadvantage of OPG
Specialized equiment is required. The cost is
two to four times that of intraoral X-ray
machine.
Geometric distortion, Magnifications and
Overlapping of structures.
Objects whose recognition may be important
for the interpretation may be situated outside
the plane of focus called the focal trough.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Indications of OPG
Evaluation of trauma, third molars,extensive or
unique pathoses.
Tooth development in mixed dentition analysis.
Developmental anomalies.
Broad coverage of the jaws is desirable.
Contra indication
Panoramic films are not suitable for diagnostic
examination requiring high image resolution.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Hand Wrist Radiographs
Assessment of the skeletal age is often made with
the help of a hand radiograph which can be
considered the Biological clock.
Hand wrist region is made up of numerous small
bones. These bone show a predictable and
scheduled pattern of appearance, ossification and
union from birth to maturity. Hence, this region is
one of the most suited to study growth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Anatomy of Hand-Wrist
The hand wrist
region is made of
four groups of bones
1.Distal ends of long
bones of forearm.
2.Carpal
3.Metacarpals
4.Phalanges
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Indication Of Hand Wrist
Radiographs
In patients who exhibit major discrepancy between dental
and chronologic age.
Determination of skeletal maturity status prior to
treatment of skeletal malocclusion.
To assess the skeletal age in a patient whose growth is
affected by infections, neoplastic or traumatic conditions.
Help to predict future skeletal maturation rate and status.
To predict the pubertal growth spurt.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Methods Of Assessing Skeletal Age
Bjork ,Grave and Brown method
Fishman’s skeletal maturity indicators
Hagg and Taranger method
Atlas method by Greulich and Pyle
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Fishman Skeletal Maturity Indicators
Proposed by Leonard S
Fishman in 1982.
Make use of anatomical
sites located on thumb,
third finger, fifth finger
and Radius .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. The Fishman’s system of interpretation
Uses four
stages of bone maturation
1.Epiphysis equal in width to diaphysis
2.Appearence of adductor sesamoid of thumb
3.Capping of epiphysis.
4.Fusion of epiphysis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Fishman method –Eleven SMIs
Width of Epiphysis equal to Diaphysis
SMI-1 Third finger-Proximal Phalanx
SMI-2 Third finger-Middle Phalanx
SMI-3 Fifth finger-Middle Phalanx
SMI-4 Appearance of adductor sesamoid of
the thumb
Capping of Epiphysis
SMI-5 Third finger –Distal Phalanx
SMI-6 Third finger-Middle Phalanx
SMI-7 Fifth finger-Middle Phalanx
Fusion of Epiphysis and Diaphysis
SMI-8 Third finger-Distal Phalanx
SMI-9 Third finger-Proximal Phalanx
www.indiandentalacademy.com
SMI-10 Third finger-Middle Phalanx
29. Maturation Assessment by Hagg and
Taranger
Analyzed from radiograph taken between the ages
of 6 and 18 years, by assessing of the ossification
of the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal
joint of first finger.
Certain specified stages of 3 epiphyseal bone
-Middle and distal phalanges of third finger [MP3
and DP3] and distal epiphysis of Radius.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Sesamoid
Sesamoid is usually attained during the
acceleration period of the pubertal growth
spurt [onset of peak height velocity]
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Third Finger Middle Phalanx
MP3-F Stage
Start of the curve of pubertal growth
spurt .
Epiphysis is as wide as metaphysis
End of epiphysis are tapered and
rounded.
Radiolucent gap [cartilageous
epiphyseal growth plate] between
epiphysis and metaphysis is wide.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. MP3-FG Stage
Acceleration of the curve of pubertal
growth spurt.
Epiphysis is as wide as metaphysis.
Distinct medial and lateral border of
epiphysis forms line of demarcation at
right angle to distal border.
Metaphysis begins to show slight
undulation.
Radiolucent gap between metaphysis
and epiphysis is wide.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. MP3-G Stage
Maximum point of pubertal
growth spurt.
Sides of epiphysis have
thickened and cap its
metaphysis, forming sharp
distal edge on one or both the
sides.
Marked undulations in
metaphysis give it “Cupid’s
bow’’ appearance.
Radiolucent gap is moderate.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. MP3-H Stage
Deceleration of the curve of pubertal
growth spurt.
Fusion of epiphysis and metaphysis
begins.
Side of epiphysis form obtuse angle
to distal border.
Epiphysis is beginning to narrow.
Slight convexity in metaphysis.
Typical Cupid’s bow appearance is
absent .
Radiolucent gap is narrow.
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35. MP3-HI Stage
Maturation of the curve of
pubertal growth spurt.
Superior surface of epiphysis
shows smooth concavity.
Metaphysis shows smooth,
convex surface, almost fitting
into reciprocal concavity of
epiphysis.
No undulation present in
metaphysis.
Radiolucent gap is insignificant.
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36. MP3-I Stage
End of pubertal growth spurt
Fusion of epiphysis and
metaphysis complete.
No radiolucent gap.
Dense, radiopaque
epiphyseal line forms integral
part of proximal portion of
middle phalanx.
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37. Third finger distal phalanx
DP3-1:Fusion of Epiphysis and Metaphysis is
completed.
-This is attained during the deceleration period
of pubertal growth spurt [ end of PHV] .
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38. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING
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