Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna Strabismologist
•Download as PPT, PDF•
5 likes•1,885 views
Strabismus or misaligned eye resurgeries can be necessary when the initial surgery results in overcorrection, undercorrection, or a progressive problem. Key factors for resurgery include amblyopia, high hyperopia, assessing the initial surgery results and any new components. It is important to fully treat amblyopia before initial strabismus surgery. For cases of consecutive exotropia after surgery, measuring the eye alignment over maximum cycloplegic refraction can help determine if a resurgery is needed to correct the exotropia. Being conservative or aggressive in the resurgery approach depends on whether the strabismus is mainly sensory or requires additional muscle weakening. The goal is to
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Biometry & Iol calculations
1) Biometry is the process of measuring the eye to determine the ideal intraocular lens power for cataract surgery. It involves measuring the corneal power and axial length of the eye.
2) Traditional A-scan ultrasound biometry measures axial length using sound waves, but has limitations like variable corneal compression. Newer devices like the IOL Master use optical interferometry and are non-contact.
3) Proper technique and accounting for factors like intraocular lens material are important for accurate biometry and intraocular lens power calculation. Inaccuracies can result in postoperative refractive surprises.
Duochrome.pptx
The document discusses the duochrome or bichrome test, which is used to refine the spherical endpoint during monocular refraction. It uses chromatic aberration and different wavelengths of light to determine if a patient is emmetropic, hyperopic, or myopic. The test involves showing the patient red and green filters and adding plus or minus lenses until the clarity is the same between the colors. It can detect refractive errors as small as 0.25 diopters and is reliable for patients with visual acuity of 6/9 or better. The document provides details on interpreting test results and final refractive corrections.
Non- Accommodative Convergent Squint
Based on presentation by Vivek Chaudhary on the topic NON ACCOMMODATIVE CONVERGENT SQUINT ON 10-11th April 2017.
Thanks To Deepak Rai (Optometrist)
Soft toric Contact Lens
- Toric soft contact lenses are used to correct astigmatism by containing a cylindrical component that standard soft lenses do not have. They maintain the correct orientation in the eye to provide clear vision.
- Toric lenses are fitted using a trial lens method where the patient wears diagnostic lenses to determine the proper prescription accounting for any rotation. The final prescription is adjusted based on the measured rotation of the trial lens.
- A proper fitting toric lens will have full corneal coverage, good centration, stable orientation, and comfortable vision. Care involves using multipurpose solutions and proper insertion/removal to avoid damage.
Optics of contact lens
This document discusses the optics of contact lenses. It begins with a brief history of contact lenses and an introduction to basic optics concepts for thick lenses. It then covers various optical properties of contact lenses like vertex distance correction, magnification, accommodation, convergence, and aberrations. Key advantages of contact lenses are discussed, such as producing a more natural retinal image size for myopes and hyperopes compared to spectacles. Factors affecting spectacle and contact lens magnification are also presented.
Glass prescription in children
This document provides guidelines for prescribing glasses in children. It discusses that the pediatric eye is different from the adult eye in terms of axial length, corneal curvature, and lens power. The goals of prescribing glasses in children are to provide a focused retinal image and achieve optimal balance between accommodation and convergence. It is more difficult to prescribe glasses for children due to lack of subjective response and poor attention. American guidelines provide recommendations on refractive errors that warrant correction at different ages. Factors like emmetropization, amblyopia risk, and presence of strabismus are considered. Frame selection depends on the child's condition and age, aiming for correct fit, comfort, safety, and not hindering nasal development.
Hess charting
Hess charting is used to subjectively assess ocular muscle function and deviations. It utilizes Hering's law of equal innervation and Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation. The test is performed with red and green glasses while fixing with each eye separately on a board with illuminated red lights. The patient plots the position of the green light seen with the testing eye on the red lights. Interpretation of the plotted points indicates overaction or underaction of specific muscles based on compression or expansion of the fixation points. The shape and size of the plotted fields provide information about comitancy or incomitance of a deviation.
Refraction and Retinoscopy
Presentation made by Dr. Dimple Prakash from Dr. Agarwal's Eye hospital in Kalpavriksha 2012 in Chennai
Recommended
Biometry & Iol calculations
1) Biometry is the process of measuring the eye to determine the ideal intraocular lens power for cataract surgery. It involves measuring the corneal power and axial length of the eye.
2) Traditional A-scan ultrasound biometry measures axial length using sound waves, but has limitations like variable corneal compression. Newer devices like the IOL Master use optical interferometry and are non-contact.
3) Proper technique and accounting for factors like intraocular lens material are important for accurate biometry and intraocular lens power calculation. Inaccuracies can result in postoperative refractive surprises.
Duochrome.pptx
The document discusses the duochrome or bichrome test, which is used to refine the spherical endpoint during monocular refraction. It uses chromatic aberration and different wavelengths of light to determine if a patient is emmetropic, hyperopic, or myopic. The test involves showing the patient red and green filters and adding plus or minus lenses until the clarity is the same between the colors. It can detect refractive errors as small as 0.25 diopters and is reliable for patients with visual acuity of 6/9 or better. The document provides details on interpreting test results and final refractive corrections.
Non- Accommodative Convergent Squint
Based on presentation by Vivek Chaudhary on the topic NON ACCOMMODATIVE CONVERGENT SQUINT ON 10-11th April 2017.
Thanks To Deepak Rai (Optometrist)
Soft toric Contact Lens
- Toric soft contact lenses are used to correct astigmatism by containing a cylindrical component that standard soft lenses do not have. They maintain the correct orientation in the eye to provide clear vision.
- Toric lenses are fitted using a trial lens method where the patient wears diagnostic lenses to determine the proper prescription accounting for any rotation. The final prescription is adjusted based on the measured rotation of the trial lens.
- A proper fitting toric lens will have full corneal coverage, good centration, stable orientation, and comfortable vision. Care involves using multipurpose solutions and proper insertion/removal to avoid damage.
Optics of contact lens
This document discusses the optics of contact lenses. It begins with a brief history of contact lenses and an introduction to basic optics concepts for thick lenses. It then covers various optical properties of contact lenses like vertex distance correction, magnification, accommodation, convergence, and aberrations. Key advantages of contact lenses are discussed, such as producing a more natural retinal image size for myopes and hyperopes compared to spectacles. Factors affecting spectacle and contact lens magnification are also presented.
Glass prescription in children
This document provides guidelines for prescribing glasses in children. It discusses that the pediatric eye is different from the adult eye in terms of axial length, corneal curvature, and lens power. The goals of prescribing glasses in children are to provide a focused retinal image and achieve optimal balance between accommodation and convergence. It is more difficult to prescribe glasses for children due to lack of subjective response and poor attention. American guidelines provide recommendations on refractive errors that warrant correction at different ages. Factors like emmetropization, amblyopia risk, and presence of strabismus are considered. Frame selection depends on the child's condition and age, aiming for correct fit, comfort, safety, and not hindering nasal development.
Hess charting
Hess charting is used to subjectively assess ocular muscle function and deviations. It utilizes Hering's law of equal innervation and Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation. The test is performed with red and green glasses while fixing with each eye separately on a board with illuminated red lights. The patient plots the position of the green light seen with the testing eye on the red lights. Interpretation of the plotted points indicates overaction or underaction of specific muscles based on compression or expansion of the fixation points. The shape and size of the plotted fields provide information about comitancy or incomitance of a deviation.
Refraction and Retinoscopy
Presentation made by Dr. Dimple Prakash from Dr. Agarwal's Eye hospital in Kalpavriksha 2012 in Chennai
Therapeutic contact lens
Therapeutic contact lenses are used for therapeutic, diagnostic and cosmetic purposes to treat various ocular surface diseases and conditions. They provide mechanical protection and support to the cornea, maintain corneal epithelial hydration, and can be used to deliver medications to the eye. The type of therapeutic contact lens chosen depends on the specific condition being treated and should aim to maximize oxygen to the cornea unless the eye has no vision. Common complications include ocular redness, minor corneal edema and lens deposits which require regular follow up visits.
History taking of low vision
This document contains information about conducting a low vision assessment, including sections on collecting demographic data, chief complaints, medical and ocular history, visual functioning, goals, and potential low vision devices. It also includes 4 case studies: an 89-year-old with macular degeneration who needs help reading small print, a graduate student who needs magnification for lab work, an aphakic patient with distance and near vision difficulties, and a teacher with retinitis pigmentosa. The case studies demonstrate evaluating patients' needs, calculating required optical powers, testing devices, and selecting appropriate low vision aids.
Scleral lenses
Scleral lens is a large rigid contact lens with a diameter range of 15mm to 25mm. Its resting point is beyond the
corneal borders, and are believed to be among the best vision correction options for irregular corneas. Wearing scleral lens also can postpone or even prevent surgical intervention as well as decrease the risk of corneal scarring.
A-V pattern strabismus
The document discusses patterns of strabismus, specifically the A pattern and V pattern. The A pattern involves relative convergence on upgaze and divergence on downgaze, while the V pattern is the opposite with relative divergence on upgaze and convergence on downgaze. Variants include the X, Y, lambda, and diamond patterns. The etiology of these patterns involves dysfunction of the horizontal, vertical, or oblique eye muscles. Clinical features may include anomalous head posture, amblyopia, and abnormal retinal correspondence. Diagnosis involves measuring alignment in upgaze and downgaze while preventing accommodation.
Fitting Philosophies and Assessment of Spherical RGP lenses
This document discusses the fitting of spherical rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. It covers preliminary measures like determining corneal curvature and diameter. Forces affecting lens fit like gravity and tear flow are described. Selection of the first trial lens involves choosing the appropriate back optic zone radius, diameter, and power based on factors like corneal curvature and prescription. Dynamic and static fitting criteria are provided. The lens is assessed for proper movement, centration, and vision. Neutralization of corneal astigmatism by about 90% with a spherical RGP lens is explained through an example.
RGP Fitting
This document discusses rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. It notes that RGP lenses are made of oxygen permeable materials and are better than soft lenses for vision, durability, correcting astigmatism, eye health, and ease of care. RGP lenses are recommended for conditions like keratoconus or high refractive errors. The fitting process involves screening patients, measuring the eye, trial fittings, and dynamic and static assessments. Proper care and maintenance of RGP lenses is also discussed.
Amblyopia : classification & Occlusion therapy
This document discusses amblyopia, including its classification, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management. It defines amblyopia and outlines its prevalence. Amblyopia can be classified as functional or organic, and further divided into types such as strabismic, anisometropic, and stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Clinical signs may include reduced visual acuity, abnormal fixation, impaired stereopsis, and altered contrast sensitivity. Evaluation involves assessing visual acuity, fixation, binocularity, and refractive error. Management is focused on occlusion therapy to treat the amblyopic eye.
Examination of a case of squint
This document summarizes the key steps in examining a case of squint. It outlines obtaining the patient's presenting signs and symptoms, medical history, and previous treatments. Tests are described to assess visual acuity, fixation, refractive error, and the anterior segment. The motor status is examined through head posture, ocular movements, and fusional vergences. Ocular deviation is detected using cover tests and quantified. The sensory status is evaluated for binocularity, diplopia, retinal correspondence, suppression, amblyopia, and stereopsis. Both objective and subjective examination methods are outlined to thoroughly evaluate squint.
fitting RGP lenses
The document discusses rigid gas permeable contact lenses, including their benefits, applications, fitting process, and lens design considerations. Some key points covered include:
1. RGP lenses can automatically correct astigmatism, provide good vision and eye health benefits like increased oxygen transmission.
2. The fitting process involves evaluating the lens-cornea relationship using fluorescein dye to identify any bearing, clearance or sealing issues.
3. Important lens design factors are the overall diameter, optical zone size, base curve, thickness, and peripheral curve to achieve a proper alignment fit.
Contact lens in keratoconus
This document provides information on contact lens options for managing keratoconus. It discusses various soft lens designs, scleral lenses, corneal lenses, and hybrid lens systems. For corneal lenses, it describes two fitting philosophies - apical bearing and apical clearance. Specific lens designs are also outlined, including Soper, McGuire, NiCone, and ROSE K lenses, which are designed to closely fit the irregular shape of the cornea in keratoconus. The document provides details on parameters like total diameter, base curve radius, optic zone diameter, and materials for fitting these specialized lenses.
Dynamic retinoscopy
The document discusses various methods of dynamic retinoscopy that have been developed over time to objectively measure the accommodative response and lag of accommodation. Some of the key methods mentioned include Cross method, Sheard's method, Tait's method, Monocular Estimate method, Nott dynamic retinoscopy, Bell retinoscopy, and stress point retinoscopy. The document also discusses the typical lag of accommodation values found in studies and how lags can indicate problems with accommodation.
Exodeviation
This document discusses exodeviation, also known as divergent strabismus, where the visual axes diverge outward instead of converging. There are two main types - concomitant and incomitant. Exodeviation can be primary, such as infantile exotropia which begins in the first 6 months of life, or intermittent exotropia where the eyes diverge intermittently. Secondary exodeviation includes sensory exotropia caused by visual impairment, and consecutive exotropia following correction of esotropia. Treatment depends on the type and may include correcting refractive errors, vision therapy, prism therapy, or surgery. The angle of exodeviation is measured using tests
Binoclar balancing by kausar ali
The final step of subjective refraction is binocular balancing, which equalizes the accommodative effort between the two eyes. This allows for both retinal images to come into focus simultaneously. An imbalanced correction can cause asthenopia due to unstable accommodation. Several binocular balancing tests are commonly used, including fogging and prism dissociation. Fogging involves alternately placing -0.25D spheres before each eye while the patient identifies the clearer image at 6/30 or 6/20. Prism dissociation uses vertical prisms and fogging to have the patient view two separate lines, identifying the more blurred image to establish balancing between the eyes.
Acaratio
The AC/A ratio measures the amount of accommodative convergence induced per diopter of accommodation. It can be calculated using phorias at distance and near or measured using the gradient method. A normal AC/A ratio is 4:1 with a range of 2-6:1. An elevated or reduced AC/A ratio can indicate different binocular vision dysfunctions and influence treatment decisions.
Trial Set & Phoropter by Robin Singh (BMCO)
Clear your thoughts regarding Trial set and Phoropter here! Simplified slides for easy reading and learning.
Aphakia
Aphakia and its causes. Correction of Aphakia. Advantages and disadvantages of different corrections. Surgeries and related signs and symptoms of aphakia. Complications related to Aphakia.
Low vision assessment
This document provides information on low vision assessment, including its purpose and steps. The purpose is to evaluate a person's residual vision and determine how to enhance their visual function based on their needs. The main steps are reviewing medical records, observation, interview, assessing visual acuity, visual fields, contrast sensitivity, and refraction. The assessment helps identify appropriate aids like magnification, filters, or training to help low vision patients perform daily activities.
Intermittent exotropia
Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of divergent strabismus where one or both eyes drift outward intermittently from normal alignment. It typically onset before age 5 and manifests during periods of inattention, fatigue, or drowsiness. Treatment options include non-surgical methods like spectacle correction, patching the dominant eye, or base-in prisms, as well as surgical recession of the lateral rectus muscles to improve alignment if control is lost. The goal of treatment is to restore proper eye alignment and preserve binocular single vision.
Examination protocol for Contact Lenses
It contains Examination Protocol for Contact Lenses along with information about pre-requisites for fitting a Contact Lens. A helpful guide for all Students, Eye Care Practitioners (Optometrist, Ophthalmologist).
Difference between filters and tints
Filters allow useful light to enter the eye while filtering out disturbing light, maintaining vision. Tints do not discriminate between light waves and can reduce vision by blocking both useful and disturbing light. Filters come in various colors for specific diagnostic purposes like enhancing blood vessel visibility, while tints are not used diagnostically. Therapeutically, filters are used to control light sensitivity and enhance contrast for various eye conditions, while tints only help reduce glare in cataracts and albinism without enhancing contrast. Filters are available only in plastic while tints come in both plastic and glass.
Principles of strabismus surgery
This document discusses anatomy and surgical techniques related to strabismus surgery. It begins with an overview of extraocular muscle anatomy, blood supply, and concepts like arc of contact. It then discusses pre-operative assessment and goals of strabismus surgery. The main part of the document describes various muscle weakening and strengthening surgical techniques for both horizontal and vertical rectus muscles as well as oblique muscles. It provides details of procedures like recession, resection, transposition, and more. The key principles and indications for each technique are explained.
New technique for squint surgery (myectomy non suture technique)
To explain a new surgical technique in squint surgery and to discuss and compare with the
old Conventional one
More Related Content
What's hot
Therapeutic contact lens
Therapeutic contact lenses are used for therapeutic, diagnostic and cosmetic purposes to treat various ocular surface diseases and conditions. They provide mechanical protection and support to the cornea, maintain corneal epithelial hydration, and can be used to deliver medications to the eye. The type of therapeutic contact lens chosen depends on the specific condition being treated and should aim to maximize oxygen to the cornea unless the eye has no vision. Common complications include ocular redness, minor corneal edema and lens deposits which require regular follow up visits.
History taking of low vision
This document contains information about conducting a low vision assessment, including sections on collecting demographic data, chief complaints, medical and ocular history, visual functioning, goals, and potential low vision devices. It also includes 4 case studies: an 89-year-old with macular degeneration who needs help reading small print, a graduate student who needs magnification for lab work, an aphakic patient with distance and near vision difficulties, and a teacher with retinitis pigmentosa. The case studies demonstrate evaluating patients' needs, calculating required optical powers, testing devices, and selecting appropriate low vision aids.
Scleral lenses
Scleral lens is a large rigid contact lens with a diameter range of 15mm to 25mm. Its resting point is beyond the
corneal borders, and are believed to be among the best vision correction options for irregular corneas. Wearing scleral lens also can postpone or even prevent surgical intervention as well as decrease the risk of corneal scarring.
A-V pattern strabismus
The document discusses patterns of strabismus, specifically the A pattern and V pattern. The A pattern involves relative convergence on upgaze and divergence on downgaze, while the V pattern is the opposite with relative divergence on upgaze and convergence on downgaze. Variants include the X, Y, lambda, and diamond patterns. The etiology of these patterns involves dysfunction of the horizontal, vertical, or oblique eye muscles. Clinical features may include anomalous head posture, amblyopia, and abnormal retinal correspondence. Diagnosis involves measuring alignment in upgaze and downgaze while preventing accommodation.
Fitting Philosophies and Assessment of Spherical RGP lenses
This document discusses the fitting of spherical rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. It covers preliminary measures like determining corneal curvature and diameter. Forces affecting lens fit like gravity and tear flow are described. Selection of the first trial lens involves choosing the appropriate back optic zone radius, diameter, and power based on factors like corneal curvature and prescription. Dynamic and static fitting criteria are provided. The lens is assessed for proper movement, centration, and vision. Neutralization of corneal astigmatism by about 90% with a spherical RGP lens is explained through an example.
RGP Fitting
This document discusses rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. It notes that RGP lenses are made of oxygen permeable materials and are better than soft lenses for vision, durability, correcting astigmatism, eye health, and ease of care. RGP lenses are recommended for conditions like keratoconus or high refractive errors. The fitting process involves screening patients, measuring the eye, trial fittings, and dynamic and static assessments. Proper care and maintenance of RGP lenses is also discussed.
Amblyopia : classification & Occlusion therapy
This document discusses amblyopia, including its classification, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management. It defines amblyopia and outlines its prevalence. Amblyopia can be classified as functional or organic, and further divided into types such as strabismic, anisometropic, and stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Clinical signs may include reduced visual acuity, abnormal fixation, impaired stereopsis, and altered contrast sensitivity. Evaluation involves assessing visual acuity, fixation, binocularity, and refractive error. Management is focused on occlusion therapy to treat the amblyopic eye.
Examination of a case of squint
This document summarizes the key steps in examining a case of squint. It outlines obtaining the patient's presenting signs and symptoms, medical history, and previous treatments. Tests are described to assess visual acuity, fixation, refractive error, and the anterior segment. The motor status is examined through head posture, ocular movements, and fusional vergences. Ocular deviation is detected using cover tests and quantified. The sensory status is evaluated for binocularity, diplopia, retinal correspondence, suppression, amblyopia, and stereopsis. Both objective and subjective examination methods are outlined to thoroughly evaluate squint.
fitting RGP lenses
The document discusses rigid gas permeable contact lenses, including their benefits, applications, fitting process, and lens design considerations. Some key points covered include:
1. RGP lenses can automatically correct astigmatism, provide good vision and eye health benefits like increased oxygen transmission.
2. The fitting process involves evaluating the lens-cornea relationship using fluorescein dye to identify any bearing, clearance or sealing issues.
3. Important lens design factors are the overall diameter, optical zone size, base curve, thickness, and peripheral curve to achieve a proper alignment fit.
Contact lens in keratoconus
This document provides information on contact lens options for managing keratoconus. It discusses various soft lens designs, scleral lenses, corneal lenses, and hybrid lens systems. For corneal lenses, it describes two fitting philosophies - apical bearing and apical clearance. Specific lens designs are also outlined, including Soper, McGuire, NiCone, and ROSE K lenses, which are designed to closely fit the irregular shape of the cornea in keratoconus. The document provides details on parameters like total diameter, base curve radius, optic zone diameter, and materials for fitting these specialized lenses.
Dynamic retinoscopy
The document discusses various methods of dynamic retinoscopy that have been developed over time to objectively measure the accommodative response and lag of accommodation. Some of the key methods mentioned include Cross method, Sheard's method, Tait's method, Monocular Estimate method, Nott dynamic retinoscopy, Bell retinoscopy, and stress point retinoscopy. The document also discusses the typical lag of accommodation values found in studies and how lags can indicate problems with accommodation.
Exodeviation
This document discusses exodeviation, also known as divergent strabismus, where the visual axes diverge outward instead of converging. There are two main types - concomitant and incomitant. Exodeviation can be primary, such as infantile exotropia which begins in the first 6 months of life, or intermittent exotropia where the eyes diverge intermittently. Secondary exodeviation includes sensory exotropia caused by visual impairment, and consecutive exotropia following correction of esotropia. Treatment depends on the type and may include correcting refractive errors, vision therapy, prism therapy, or surgery. The angle of exodeviation is measured using tests
Binoclar balancing by kausar ali
The final step of subjective refraction is binocular balancing, which equalizes the accommodative effort between the two eyes. This allows for both retinal images to come into focus simultaneously. An imbalanced correction can cause asthenopia due to unstable accommodation. Several binocular balancing tests are commonly used, including fogging and prism dissociation. Fogging involves alternately placing -0.25D spheres before each eye while the patient identifies the clearer image at 6/30 or 6/20. Prism dissociation uses vertical prisms and fogging to have the patient view two separate lines, identifying the more blurred image to establish balancing between the eyes.
Acaratio
The AC/A ratio measures the amount of accommodative convergence induced per diopter of accommodation. It can be calculated using phorias at distance and near or measured using the gradient method. A normal AC/A ratio is 4:1 with a range of 2-6:1. An elevated or reduced AC/A ratio can indicate different binocular vision dysfunctions and influence treatment decisions.
Trial Set & Phoropter by Robin Singh (BMCO)
Clear your thoughts regarding Trial set and Phoropter here! Simplified slides for easy reading and learning.
Aphakia
Aphakia and its causes. Correction of Aphakia. Advantages and disadvantages of different corrections. Surgeries and related signs and symptoms of aphakia. Complications related to Aphakia.
Low vision assessment
This document provides information on low vision assessment, including its purpose and steps. The purpose is to evaluate a person's residual vision and determine how to enhance their visual function based on their needs. The main steps are reviewing medical records, observation, interview, assessing visual acuity, visual fields, contrast sensitivity, and refraction. The assessment helps identify appropriate aids like magnification, filters, or training to help low vision patients perform daily activities.
Intermittent exotropia
Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of divergent strabismus where one or both eyes drift outward intermittently from normal alignment. It typically onset before age 5 and manifests during periods of inattention, fatigue, or drowsiness. Treatment options include non-surgical methods like spectacle correction, patching the dominant eye, or base-in prisms, as well as surgical recession of the lateral rectus muscles to improve alignment if control is lost. The goal of treatment is to restore proper eye alignment and preserve binocular single vision.
Examination protocol for Contact Lenses
It contains Examination Protocol for Contact Lenses along with information about pre-requisites for fitting a Contact Lens. A helpful guide for all Students, Eye Care Practitioners (Optometrist, Ophthalmologist).
Difference between filters and tints
Filters allow useful light to enter the eye while filtering out disturbing light, maintaining vision. Tints do not discriminate between light waves and can reduce vision by blocking both useful and disturbing light. Filters come in various colors for specific diagnostic purposes like enhancing blood vessel visibility, while tints are not used diagnostically. Therapeutically, filters are used to control light sensitivity and enhance contrast for various eye conditions, while tints only help reduce glare in cataracts and albinism without enhancing contrast. Filters are available only in plastic while tints come in both plastic and glass.
What's hot (20)
Fitting Philosophies and Assessment of Spherical RGP lenses
Fitting Philosophies and Assessment of Spherical RGP lenses
Viewers also liked
Principles of strabismus surgery
This document discusses anatomy and surgical techniques related to strabismus surgery. It begins with an overview of extraocular muscle anatomy, blood supply, and concepts like arc of contact. It then discusses pre-operative assessment and goals of strabismus surgery. The main part of the document describes various muscle weakening and strengthening surgical techniques for both horizontal and vertical rectus muscles as well as oblique muscles. It provides details of procedures like recession, resection, transposition, and more. The key principles and indications for each technique are explained.
New technique for squint surgery (myectomy non suture technique)
To explain a new surgical technique in squint surgery and to discuss and compare with the
old Conventional one
Squint surgeries
This document summarizes various squint surgeries performed by Dr. Gauree Krishnan. It discusses indications for squint surgery including correcting strabismus functionally and/or cosmetically. It describes optimal timing for surgery depending on squint type and patient age/sensory adaptations. Common surgical techniques are outlined including muscle weakening procedures like recession and marginal myotomy, and strengthening procedures like resection and advancement. General considerations for surgery and surgical steps are provided for various rectus muscle and oblique muscle procedures.
Complications of squint sx
This document summarizes potential complications of squint surgery, classified as per-operative, immediate postoperative, or late postoperative. Per-operative complications include surgery to the wrong muscle, scleral perforation, hemorrhage, and detached or lost muscle. Immediate postoperative complications include slipped muscle, over/under-correction, anterior segment ischemia, prolapsed Tenon's capsule, inclusion cysts, diplopia, and infection. Late postoperative complications include inferior oblique adherence syndrome and eyelid retraction. The document provides details on causes, signs, avoidance, and management for each complication.
Squint assessment
Cover test
Prism cover test
Worth 4 dot test
Bagolini striated glasses
Synoptophore
Stereopsis tests
The aim is to assess:
- Ocular alignment
- Fusional reserves
- Stereopsis
- Retinal correspondence
Cover Test
The cover test is used to detect manifest
strabismus and latent strabismus.
It is performed at distance and near to check
for any phorias or tropias.
It provides information about:
- Direction of deviation
- Comitance
- Size of deviation
- Presence
Diagnosis evaluation in strabismus
The document discusses the diagnostic evaluation process for strabismus. It covers the classification of strabismus, including pseudostrabismus and true strabismus. It also describes tests used to evaluate visual acuity, sensory function, motor function, and stereopsis. These include cover tests, versions, ductions, and specialized tests like Hirschberg's test, Krimsky test, and Bruckner test. The goal of the evaluation is to accurately diagnose the type of strabismus and measure the ocular misalignment.
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
This document discusses factors affecting outcomes in resurgery for strabismus. Key factors include careful preoperative measurements, findings at initial surgery, risk of overcorrection based on patient characteristics, and unmasking of other ocular issues. The success rate for resurgery of congenital esotropia is 80-85%. Planning for resurgery involves reviewing previous records to identify virgin versus re-operated muscles. Expectations are for stable alignment, full eye movement, and good cosmesis. Resurgery is typically performed at least 2 months after initial surgery, except for specific cases. Reoperation is expected in 5-10% of strabismus surgeries and each reoperation increases the risk
Complicated Adult Strabismus
Management of complicated adult strabismus- Incomitant Strabismus, Paralytic Strabismus and Duane Syndrome
Tips and tricks in squint: Dr. Madhu Karna
This document discusses important tips for evaluating and treating strabismus cases:
1) Measured strabismus deviations taken over glasses can differ from the true deviation depending on the glasses' refractive power, with plus lenses decreasing and minus lenses increasing the measured deviation.
2) High myopia can cause dislocation of the extraocular muscles, so imaging like MRI is important pre-operatively to evaluate muscle paths and positions.
3) Modified retroequatorial myopexia surgery in addition to conventional recession/resection has shown promise for dislocated horizontal recti in high myopes.
4) Evaluating the extraocular muscle paths and positions is crucial before performing strabismus surgery
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
1) An 8-year-old boy presented with a progressive corneal edema and brown pupil in his left eye following a history of trauma from a pen tip 8 months prior which required surgery.
2) Examination found a central corneal edema, brown pupil, iris cyst, and elevated intraocular pressure of 60mm Hg. B-scan was unremarkable. A diagnosis of anteriorly subluxated lens with malignant glaucoma or iris pigment epithelial/ciliary body tumor was considered.
3) The intraocular pressure was reduced with medications but remained elevated. The iris cyst was then aspirated using a minimally invasive approach with chemical ablation using absolute alcohol, resulting in cyst retraction and improved vision.
Strabismus Surgery Outcomes
When you or your child has an eye turn all too often the first recommendation for intervention is surgery. You should know the outcomes, risks and complications associated with this surgical procedure and alternative ways to manage these problems.
Microsoft Venture Accelerator
This document describes a 4-6 month accelerator program for early stage startups focused on cloud, internet, and mobile technologies. The program provides mentoring, office space, resources, and networking opportunities to help startups launch and build scalable businesses. Eligible startups should have a strong founding team and be developing applications that leverage the cloud to solve problems and create innovations. The schedule includes weekly mentorship, educational sessions, and events to help startups progress their products and pitch to investors at a finale demo day.
Scott, T. M., Hirn, R., and Barber, H
This article describes how a high school used discipline data to identify and address disproportional referral rates for freshmen and minority students. The school revised its referral form to collect more detailed data on referrals. It then began monthly meetings where staff analyzed referral data by factors like time, location, grade, and ethnicity. This allowed them to identify predictable problems and develop interventions. For freshmen and minorities, the data were further analyzed to guide more targeted interventions. Over time, this process led to steady decreases in referrals for freshmen and minority students. The approach shows how continuous analysis of discipline data can help schools address issues of disproportionality.
Types of Characters in Literature
This document provides information on different types of characters in literature. It discusses protagonists such as heroes, anti-heroes, tragic heroes, and caricatures. It also covers antagonists including the main antagonist, nemesis, shape-shifter, change agent, and romantic angle. Supporting character types are examined like the sidekick, mentor, foil, comic relief, extras, and chorus. Character development types of flat and round characters are defined. The document serves as source material for a learning exercise on literary characters.
CORO LinkedIn Placement Descriptions
The document summarizes various projects and responsibilities from internships in marketing, organizational change consulting, human resources, state government administration, and political campaigning. Duties included expanding organization outreach through social media, assisting with a website launch and fundraiser, researching competitive landscapes, tracking project progress, interviewing participants in an internship program and presenting findings, attending meetings, producing brochures, and supporting midterm election campaigns through volunteer coordination and phone banking.
Human Resource Policy Guide Project
This document provides an HR policy guide for Elite Sporting Camp, including job descriptions, hiring criteria, recruitment sources, selection techniques, interview guides, and other HR policies. Elite Sporting Camp is a privately owned organization that operates sports camps for children throughout the US and internationally. The guide describes policies for key positions like Chief Executive of Operations, Financial Analyst, and Marketing Manager. It outlines qualifications, interview questions, and hiring processes to attract and select the best talent to deliver a quality experience for campers.
Radio ingles
The radio communication technology advances from World War II enabled the exploration of space. Onboard the lunar modules, complex transmission and reception equipment allowed for voice and data communications in a compact system using very high frequencies. The system could simultaneously transmit voice signals and determine distances between vehicles by measuring the time between signal transmission and reception. Voice signals from astronauts were also broadcast worldwide through communications networks, with cellular radio systems serving as a miniature version of larger networks.
Certificates and Awards
This letter from Advance Auto Parts thanks Richard Fraley for his leadership at store 8380 that led to the store achieving a customer traction score of 155, representing the best levels in the region and company. The letter acknowledges that such an accomplishment takes effort from the entire team. It includes an enclosed certificate to display in the store to recognize this achievement. On behalf of Region 37 and Advance Auto Parts, the letter expresses gratitude for all Richard and the team do.
Asíntotas de una función
Este documento describe las asíntotas de una función. Las asíntotas son rectas a las que la función se aproxima indefinidamente cuando una de sus variables tiende al infinito. Existen tres tipos de asíntotas: horizontales, cuando la variable independiente tiende al infinito; verticales, cuando el límite de la función es un número real; y oblicuas, cuando la distancia entre la recta y el punto tiende a cero. El documento incluye ejemplos para ilustrar cada tipo de asíntota.
Viewers also liked (20)
New technique for squint surgery (myectomy non suture technique)
New technique for squint surgery (myectomy non suture technique)
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
Dr. Madhu Karna Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist
Similar to Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna Strabismologist
managment of strabismus
This document discusses the management of strabismus. It addresses why strabismus is treated, including to restore stereopsis, prevent amblyopia and confusion/diplopia, and for appearance. It describes treating heterophoria with refractive correction, orthoptic exercises, prism glasses, and surgery if needed. Treatment for concomitant strabismus includes glasses, occlusion therapy, preoperative exercises, surgery, and postoperative exercises. Management of paralytic strabismus involves treating the cause, conservative measures, treating diplopia, and surgery if no recovery within 6 months. Surgical techniques like recession and resection are described.
Glaucoma
This document provides information about glaucoma, including definitions, classifications, risk factors, clinical features, examination findings, and management strategies. It discusses primary open angle glaucoma as the most common type, which can cause progressive, painless vision loss if intraocular pressure is not controlled. It also covers primary angle closure glaucoma and congenital glaucoma. Surgical treatments like trabeculectomy may be used if medical therapy with eye drops is insufficient to stop disease progression. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent irreversible vision loss from this sight-threatening condition.
Management of esotropia.ppt
This document discusses the management of esotropia, a type of strabismus where the eyes turn inward. It describes the different types of esotropia including concomitant, accommodative, and inconcomitant esotropia. For treatment, it emphasizes correcting refractive errors and amblyopia first before considering surgery. For concomitant esotropia in young children, the initial surgery is typically recession of both medial rectus muscles. For accommodative esotropia, treatment involves correcting refractive errors or surgery depending on the severity. Management is tailored based on the specific type and cause of esotropia.
Amblyopia treatment dr mirzajani
This document discusses the classification and management of amblyopia. It describes various treatment methods including:
- Optimum optical correction alone can improve amblyopia in up to 77% of patients.
- Occlusion therapy (patching) is the mainstay treatment and guidelines are provided on patching dosage based on age.
- Optical penalization and medical penalization can be used for children who will not wear patches or issues with compliance. Proper follow up is important to monitor progress and compliance with treatment.
Endoscopic Approach to Orbit and Pituitary
Nose is now the gateway to skullbase lesions and orbit, making the treatment minimally invasive with minimal postoperative complications delivery better results to patient satisfaction in terms of disease cure and affordability
Orthoptics by ankit varshney
The document provides information on evaluating cases of orthoptics. It discusses evaluating a patient's history, visual acuity, eye movements, sensory status, and degree of strabismus. The evaluation includes assessing visual acuity, refraction, eye alignment using various objective tests like cover tests, assessing binocularity using stereopsis tests, and determining the presence of suppression or abnormal retinal correspondence. The document outlines the various tests used to evaluate motor and sensory functions in patients with strabismus.
Correction of ametropia
Correction of Ametropia is very basic topic in Optometry background. Hope the SlideShare may help you. This PPT will help Bachelor students (B.optoms).
Cyclovertical anomalies
Cyclovertical anomalies refer to vertical deviations of the eyes involving the cyclovertical muscles. There are various types including comitant and incomitant vertical deviations. Patterns of strabismus like V, A, X, Y patterns are classified based on how the horizontal deviation changes between upgaze and downgaze. Conditions like superior oblique overaction, palsy, inferior oblique overaction are described. Dissociated vertical deviation is an innervational disorder seen in infantile strabismus and involves predominately vertical movements of one eye drifting upward and outward. Surgical management of these conditions aims to weaken muscles or transpose them.
Lecture on Clinical Methods; Extraocular Movements &Squint Examination For 4t...
Lecture on Clinical Methods; Extraocular Movements &Squint Examination For 4t...DrHussainAhmadKhaqan
This document provides instructions on how to perform an examination of extraocular movements and squint. It describes how to observe eye movements in 9 cardinal positions of gaze, test convergence, and perform saccadic movements. For squint examination, it outlines the cover-uncover test, alternating cover test, and using a prism bar to measure the degree of tropia or phoria. The goal is to detect any deviations, nystagmus, or restrictions in eye movements.Eye muscles and ocular movements, laws of ocular motility
The document discusses the eye muscles and laws of ocular movement. It describes the six extraocular muscles - four recti and two oblique muscles. It outlines the primary, secondary and tertiary actions of each muscle. There are two types of eye movements - uniocular involving one eye and binocular involving both eyes simultaneously. The laws of ocular motility include Hering's law which states equal innervation flows to yoke muscles during conjugate movements, and Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation whereby increase in one muscle is accompanied by decrease in its antagonist.
HYPERMETROPIA .pdf
Hypermetropia, also known as farsightedness, is a refractive error where the eye focuses light behind the retina when the eye is at rest. There are several types of hypermetropia including axial, refractive, index, curvature, and anterior chamber hypermetropia. Hypermetropia can also be classified as simple, pathological, or functional based on physiological and anatomical factors. It can be further broken down into total, manifest, latent, and facultative hypermetropia depending on whether it can be corrected with accommodation. Treatment options include spectacle correction with convex lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery procedures like LASIK.
Laryngoscopy
This document provides information about different laryngoscopy techniques. It begins with a brief history of laryngoscopy and then describes techniques such as indirect laryngoscopy using a mirror, direct laryngoscopy using a laryngoscope, and flexible and rigid fiber-optic laryngoscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy is described as the simplest examination method for visualizing the larynx and vocal cords. Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy allows for examination of the entire hypopharynx and larynx and is well-tolerated by patients. The document also covers laryngoscopy equipment, techniques, common mistakes, advantages and limitations of the different methods.
Exodeviations
1. Exodeviations, or divergent strabismus, involve lateral deviation of the visual axis and nasal rotation of the fovea. The main types are exophoria, intermittent exotropia, and manifest exotropia.
2. Causes of exodeviations include excessive tonic divergence, anatomical factors in the orbit, and high accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio.
3. Treatment involves correcting refractive errors and amblyopia non-surgically and recessing the lateral rectus or resecting the medial rectus surgically depending on the type and amount of deviation. The goal of surgery is a small overcorrection to stabilize binocular alignment.
Cataract
Cataracts are a partial or complete opacity of the lens of the eye. They occur when protein clumps together in the lens, clouding areas and blocking light from reaching the retina. The three main types are nuclear, cortical, and subcapsular. Cataracts are often age-related but can be caused by conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include blurry vision, sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing at night. Treatment is usually cataract surgery to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial lens implant. Modern techniques like phacoemulsification use ultrasound and small incisions for removal. Surgery often results in excellent restored vision.
Refractive optics
This document discusses paraxial geometrical optics and relevant issues in refractive surgery. It defines key terms like paraxial rays, marginal rays, apertures, pupils, and optical zones. It describes how centering the ablation on the pupil is important to maximize visual function and minimize aberrations. Decentration of more than 0.1-0.2mm can erase benefits of customized ablation. Clinical cases demonstrate problems that can arise from decentration, including glare, halos, and irregular astigmatism. The take-home message is that the ablation center should be centered on the miotic pupil to optimize outcomes.
Reflactive error
This document discusses various types of refractive errors including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. It defines each condition and describes their etiology, signs and symptoms, classification, and diagnosis. Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball and results in near-sightedness. Hyperopia is caused by a shorter eyeball and results in far-sightedness. Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is irregularly shaped causing blurred vision. Presbyopia develops with age as the lens loses elasticity for near vision. Diagnosis involves visual acuity tests, retinoscopy, and refraction tests. Treatment options include eyeglasses, contact lenses, refractive surgery, and medication in
Stepwise approach to adult male circumcision.
This slide is meant to advance knowledge . The author takes no responsibility for errors and no accountability for misrepresentation or misinterpretation
Refractive errors and Refractive Surgery-Basic Concepts
Refractive errors and Refractive Surgery-Basic ConceptsCentral Park Medical College and WAPDA Teaching Hospital Lahore
The basic concepts about refractive errors and their corrective options are explained in this lecture. It was taken at Central Park Medical College Lahore Pakistan for fourth year medical studentsInvolutional Entropion-mechanism, evaluation and management (lower lid)
References and pictures- Collins Manual of Systematic Eyelid Surgery, Collins Color Atlas, Kanski, DOS articles
Presented as DNB Resident at Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati
Refractive errors & their management
This document discusses different types of refractive errors including emmetropia, ametropia, myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. It provides details on:
- The definition and normal state of emmetropia
- Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for myopia and hypermetropia such as prescription lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery
- Types of myopia including simple, pathological, and congenital myopia
- Causes of refractive errors like abnormal eyeball length, corneal or lens curvature, or refractive index
- Potential complications of high degrees of myopia like macular degeneration and retinal detachment
Similar to Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna Strabismologist (20)
Lecture on Clinical Methods; Extraocular Movements &Squint Examination For 4t...
Lecture on Clinical Methods; Extraocular Movements &Squint Examination For 4t...
Eye muscles and ocular movements, laws of ocular motility
Eye muscles and ocular movements, laws of ocular motility
Refractive errors and Refractive Surgery-Basic Concepts
Refractive errors and Refractive Surgery-Basic Concepts
Involutional Entropion-mechanism, evaluation and management (lower lid)
Involutional Entropion-mechanism, evaluation and management (lower lid)
Recently uploaded
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
Browse over XX market data Figures and spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on " India Medical Devices Market.” - https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-medical-devices-market/8161.html
一比一原版(UoA毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证如何办理
UoA毕业证学历书【微信95270640】办文凭{昆士兰科技大学毕业证}Q微Q微信95270640UoA毕业证书成绩单/学历认证UoA Diploma未毕业、挂科怎么办？+QQ微信：Q微信95270640-大学Offer（申请大学）、成绩单（申请考研）、语言证书、在读证明、使馆公证、办真实留信网认证、真实大使馆认证、学历认证
办理国外昆士兰科技大学毕业证书 #成绩单改成绩 #教育部学历学位认证 #毕业证认证 #留服认证 #使馆认证（留学回国人员证明） #（证）等
真实教育部认证教育部存档中国教育部留学服务中心认证（即教育部留服认证）网站100%可查.
真实使馆认证（即留学人员回国证明）使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认.
留信网认证国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书留信网永久存档可查.
昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书毕业证 #成绩单等全套材料从防伪到印刷从水印到钢印烫金跟学校原版100%相同.
国际留学归国服务中心：实体公司注册经营行业标杆精益求精！
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5昆士兰科技大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书）。闷不乐的样子父亲特意带山娃去找三楼房东家的儿子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交感
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...
Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...Pristyn Care Reviews
Precision becomes a byword, most especially in such procedures as hip and knee arthroplasty. The success of these surgeries is not just dependent on the skill and experience of the surgeons but is extremely dependent on preoperative planning. Recognizing this important need, Pristyn Care commits itself to the integration of advanced imaging technologies like CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) into the surgical planning process.PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
PrudentRx enhances healthcare by educating patients and ensuring effective medication management in a complex, evolving landscape.
Sexual Disorders.gender identity disorderspptx
Gender identity disorder, paraphilias , sexual dysfunction
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
Imagine AI making your pharmacy experience smoother, safer, and more personalized.
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educationTEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.一比一原版(EUR毕业证)鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证如何办理
EUR毕业证offer【微信95270640】《鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书原版制作EUR成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制EUR毕业证成绩单鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
实体公司，专业可靠，办理加拿大毕业证|办美国成绩单|做德国文凭学历认证|办新西兰学位证，办澳洲文凭认证，办留信网认证（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！
办理国外鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书 #成绩单改成绩 #教育部学历学位认证 #毕业证认证 #留服认证 #使馆认证（留学回国人员证明） #（证）等
真实教育部认证教育部存档中国教育部留学服务中心认证（即教育部留服认证）网站100%可查.
真实使馆认证（即留学人员回国证明）使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认.
留信网认证国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书留信网永久存档可查.
鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭毕业证 #成绩单等全套材料从防伪到印刷从水印到钢印烫金跟学校原版100%相同.
国际留学归国服务中心：实体公司注册经营行业标杆精益求精！
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭）。地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车东站的那一刻山娃感受到了一种从未有过的激动和震撼太美了可爱的广州父亲的城山娃惊喜得几乎叫出声来山娃觉得父亲太伟大了居然能单匹马地跑到这么远这么大这么美的地方赚大钱高楼大厦鳞次栉比大街小巷人潮涌动山娃一路张望一路惊叹他发现城里的桥居然层层叠叠扭来扭去桥下没水却有着水一般的车水马龙山娃惊诧于城里的公交车那么大那么美不的
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressedDigital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
When it comes to creating marketing strategies that target older adults, it is crucial to have insight into their media habits and preferences. Understanding how older adults consume and use media is key to creating acquisition and retention strategies. We recently conducted our seventh annual survey to gain insight into the media preferences of older adults in 2024. Here are the survey responses and marketing implications that stood out to us.
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
Recently uploaded (20)
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...
Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
PrudentRx: A Resource for Patient Education and Engagement
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
3. User Guide Activity Budget Tracking App Steps to apply.pptx
3. User Guide Activity Budget Tracking App Steps to apply.pptx
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian Failure
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
Strabismus surgery made simple: Dr. Madhu Karna Strabismologist
- 1. Strabismus ResurgeryStrabismus Resurgery mademade SimpleSimple Dr. Madhu KarnaDr. Madhu Karna StrabismologistStrabismologist
- 2. After first surgeryAfter first surgery
- 3. 6 months Postop turns into6 months Postop turns into Consecutive exotropiaConsecutive exotropia realigned after Resurgeryrealigned after Resurgery
- 4. TipTip Risk factors for overcorrection- A pattern,Risk factors for overcorrection- A pattern, amblyopia, high hyperopia.amblyopia, high hyperopia. Risk factors for undercorrection –amblyopia.Risk factors for undercorrection –amblyopia. **Strabismus surgery only after amblyopiaStrabismus surgery only after amblyopia has been fully treatedhas been fully treated..
- 5. Right eye third nerve palsy afterRight eye third nerve palsy after two squint surgeriestwo squint surgeries
- 6. Using props on the glasses to liftUsing props on the glasses to lift the lid after alignment fromthe lid after alignment from previous surgeriesprevious surgeries
- 7. Residual exotropia or progession ofResidual exotropia or progession of palsy - Reinvestigatepalsy - Reinvestigate
- 8. Meningioma posterior clinoidMeningioma posterior clinoid
- 9. TrickTrick First surgery resultFirst surgery result Progressive problemProgressive problem Unmasking of other components -Unmasking of other components - Reoperations inevitableReoperations inevitable
- 11. Operated infantile esotropiaOperated infantile esotropia presenting with DVDpresenting with DVD
- 12. PostopPostop
- 14. When to reoperateWhen to reoperate At least 2 months after the initial surgeryAt least 2 months after the initial surgery except:except: Lost or slipped muscleLost or slipped muscle Large overcorrection after an SO tuckLarge overcorrection after an SO tuck Large vertical deviations induced byLarge vertical deviations induced by muscle transposition proceduresmuscle transposition procedures
- 15. This squint may trap you byThis squint may trap you by seeming simple butseeming simple but HYPEROPIA WITH EXOTROPIAHYPEROPIA WITH EXOTROPIA
- 16. Before you operateBefore you operate this patientthis patient Just remove theJust remove the glassesglasses
- 17. Esotropia without glasses !!Esotropia without glasses !!
- 19. High hyperopia with AccomodativeHigh hyperopia with Accomodative Esotropia with Consecutive ExotropiaEsotropia with Consecutive Exotropia Reduce hyperopic power by halfReduce hyperopic power by half If exotropia still manifest or there is a dropIf exotropia still manifest or there is a drop in visual acuity then operate on thein visual acuity then operate on the consecutive Exotropia after measuringconsecutive Exotropia after measuring over maximum cyclopegic refraction.over maximum cyclopegic refraction.
- 20. Conservative Vs AggressiveConservative Vs Aggressive Sensory strabismus mainly sensorySensory strabismus mainly sensory exotropiaexotropia Do FDTDo FDT Release the restrictions and do maximumRelease the restrictions and do maximum recess- resectrecess- resect Inferior Oblique and SO can be weakenedInferior Oblique and SO can be weakened which are additional abductorswhich are additional abductors.. Raab, unilateral 4 muscle study for largeRaab, unilateral 4 muscle study for large angle exotropia, Ophthal, 1979: 86, 1441angle exotropia, Ophthal, 1979: 86, 1441
- 21. Consecutive Exo operated twiceConsecutive Exo operated twice earlierearlier
- 22. PostopPostop
- 23. END- Effort Never DiesEND- Effort Never Dies Reop expected in 5-10% of patients whoReop expected in 5-10% of patients who undergo squint surgeryundergo squint surgery Any reop introduces a 33% probability of yetAny reop introduces a 33% probability of yet another procedureanother procedure We will make 100% effort to make this the lastWe will make 100% effort to make this the last squint surgery neededsquint surgery needed
- 24. We really don’t learn anything from ourWe really don’t learn anything from our experience we only learn from reflectingexperience we only learn from reflecting on our experience.on our experience.
- 25. Strabismus surgery only after amblyopiaStrabismus surgery only after amblyopia has been fully treatedhas been fully treated Progressive problemProgressive problem Operate on the consecutive ExotropiaOperate on the consecutive Exotropia after measuring over maximum cyclopegicafter measuring over maximum cyclopegic refractionrefraction In Sensory Exotropias Inferior ObliqueIn Sensory Exotropias Inferior Oblique and SO can be weakened which areand SO can be weakened which are additional abductorsadditional abductors