This document discusses different types of mechanical ventilators. It describes manual ventilators that require operator effort as well as mechanical ventilators that are computer-controlled and do not require effort. Mechanical ventilators can operate using positive pressure to force air into the lungs or negative pressure to simulate breathing through chest expansion. Common positive pressure ventilators include transport and critical care ventilators, while negative pressure machines include iron lungs. The document outlines the mechanisms and modes of both positive and negative pressure ventilation.

1. TYPES OF MECHANICAL
VENTILATOR
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

2. MECHANICAL VENTILATOR

3. TYPES OF VENTILATORS
• Ventilators come in many
different styles and method of
giving a breath to sustain life.

4. MANUAL VENTILATORS
• There are manual ventilators such
as bag valve masks and anesthesia
bags that require the users to hold
the ventilator to the face or to
an artificial airway and maintain
breaths with their hands.

5. SMART BAG VALVE MASK
RESUSITATOR

6. OTHER TYPES

7. • Mechanical ventilators are
ventilators that does not require
operator effort and are typically
computer-controlled or
pneumatic-controlled

8. • Mechanical ventilators typically
require power by a battery or a wall
outlet (DC or AC).
• Some ventilators work on a
pneumatic system and does not
require power.

9. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
TECHNOLOGY
• There are a variety of technologies
available for ventilation, falling into
two main types as follows :
• 1. POSITIVRE PRESSURE
VENTILATORS
• 2. NEGATIVE POWER VENTILATORS

10. TYPES AND MODE OF
FUNCTIONING

11. COMMON POSITIVE-PRESSURE
MECHANICAL VENTILATORS
• Transport ventilators—These
ventilators are small and more
rugged, and can be powered
pneumatically or via AC or DC
power sources.

12. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR

13. MECHANISM OF POSITIVE
PRESSURE VENTILATOR

14. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR
• PPMV ventilators are larger and
usually run on AC power (though
virtually all contain a battery to
facilitate intra-facility transport and
as a back-up in the event of a power
failure).

15. • PPMV ventilator provides greater
control of a wide variety of ventilation
parameters (such as inspiratory rise
time).
• Many ICU ventilators also incorporate
graphics to provide visual feedback of
each breath.

16. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATORS
• ventilators (PAP) — These ventilators
are specifically designed for non-
invasive ventilation.
• This includes ventilators for use at
home for treatment of chronic
conditions such as sleep
apnea or COPD.

17. MODES OF MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
• Mechanical ventilation utilizes
several separate systems for
ventilation referred to as the mode.
• Modes come in many different
delivery concepts. Different modes
fall into one of three categories

18. MODES OF MV
• Volume-cycled
• Pressure-cycled
• Spontaneously cycled

19. • The selection of mode of
mechanical ventilation for a
given patient is based on the
familiarity of clinicians with
modes and the equipment
availability at a particular
institution.

20. FUNCTIONING MECHANISM
• Positive-pressure ventilators
work by increasing the patient's
airway pressure through an
endotracheal or tracheostomy
tube.

21. • The positive pressure allows air to
flow into the airway until the
ventilator breath is terminated.
• Then, the airway pressure drops to
zero, and the elastic recoil of the
chest wall and lungs push the tidal
volume — the breath-out through
passive exhalation

22. NEGATIVE PRESSURE
MACHINES
• Negative pressure mechanical
ventilators are produced in
small, field-type and larger
formats.

23. • The prominent design of the
smaller devices is known as
the cuirass, a shell-like unit used
to create negative pressure only
to the chest using a combination
of a fitting shell and a soft
bladder.

24. • In recent years negative pressure
device has been manufactured using
various-sized polycarbonate shells
with multiple seals, and a high-
pressure oscillation pump in order
to carry out biphasic cuirass
ventilation.

25. • It is mainly used in patients with
neuromuscular disorders that
have some residual muscular
function.

26. MECHANISM OF NEGATIVE
PRESSURE VENTILATOR

27. • In spontaneous breathing, a
negative pressure is created in
the pleural cavity by the muscles of
respiration, and the resulting
gradient between the atmospheric
pressure and the pressure inside
the thorax generates a flow of air.

28. • In the iron lung by means of a
pump, the air is withdrawn
mechanically to produce a vacuum
inside the tank, thus creating
negative pressure.
• This negative pressure leads to
expansion of the chest, which
causes a decrease in intrapulmonary
pressure, and increases flow of
ambient air into the lungs.

29. • As the vacuum is released, the
pressure inside the tank
equalizes to that of the ambient
pressure, and the elastic coil of
the chest and lungs leads to
passive exhalation

30. • when the vacuum is created, the
abdomen also expands along
with the lung, cutting off venous
flow back to the heart, leading
to pooling of venous blood in the
lower extremities.

31. • There are large portholes for nurse
or home assistant access.The
patients can talk and eat normally,
and can see the world through a
well-placed series of mirrors.
• Some patients could remain in these
iron lungs for years at a time quite
successfully.

32. INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL
PRESSURE VENTILATOR
• The INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL
PRESSURE VENTILATOR applies
pressure externally via an
inflated bladder, forcing
exhalation, sometimes
termed exsufflation.

33. NEONATAL VENTILATORS
• Neonatal ventilators are designed
with the preterm neonate in mind.
• These ICU ventilators are designed
to deliver the smaller, more precise
volumes and pressures required to
ventilate these patients.

34. NEO NATAL VENTILATOR

35. REFERENCE
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36. THANK YOU