Ventilator basics

1. S/N REGISTRATION NO STUDENT FULL NAME
1. 2103211115050 KELLEN RICHARD MWAKYONDE
2. 220323443356 PATRICIA BENARD LUCAS
3. 220323468353 MEDADI NYANDA MGWESA
4. 2103211218417 GWANDUMI AGRIPA
5. 210311121318 YUSRA HAMDAN SULEIMAN
6. 220323463271 PETERCLAVER MOSES SEKI
7. 220323465375 LUQMAN MAADHI

2. OD 22 BEE – GROUP 03
DECEMBER, 2023

3. This presentation will look on the following:
• Introduction to ventilator machine and mechanical ventilation
• Types of mechanical ventilation
• Basic mechanical ventilation modes
• Operating principles of mechanical ventilation
• Safety inspection procedures of ventilator machine

4. • Ventilator is a machine that
helps a person to
breathe(ventilate)
NB: Ventilator is used to
achieve mechanical ventilation

5. Ventilation is the movement of air through the conducting
passages between the atmosphere and the lungs.
Mechanical ventilation is the technique through which gas is
moved toward and from the lung through an external device
connected directly to the patient.
NB:
-This is a type of therapy that helps a patient breathe or breathes for
patient when he/she can’t breathe on his/her own.
-This is a form of life support that helps you breathe(ventilate) when
a patient can’t breathe on his/her own.This can be during surgery or
when he/she is very sick.

6. • Used to give oxygen to a patient.
• Used to remove carbon dioxide so it doesn’t build up.
• Used to prevents parts of patient’s lungs from collapsing
from lack of pressure.

7. • During surgery. General anesthesia can make it difficult to breathe well
enough on your own.
• If you have certain lung conditions or infections.
• In a medical emergency that blocks your airway or impairs your breathing.
• If you have certain brain injuries or conditions. Your brain might not
communicate well enough with the rest of your body, including your lungs,
to allow you to breathe properly.
• If you have any conditions that cause your blood to have too much carbon
dioxide (hypercapnia) or not enough oxygen (hypoxemia).
• To prevent you from accidentally getting fluids into your lungs (aspiration).

8. • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
• Pneumonia.COVID-19 and other respiratory
illnesses.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Stroke.
• Traumatic brain injury.
• Coma.
• Anaphylaxis.

9. Modern mechanical ventilators use
positive pressure to push air into your
lungs.
Positive pressure ventilation can be
(a)invasive
(b)non-invasive.
• Invasive mechanical ventilation: This
means you have a tube in patient
airway connected to a ventilator. This
tube can go through patient mouth
(intubation) or neck (tracheostomy).

10. • Non-invasive ventilation: This uses a
face mask connected to a ventilator.
Straps hold the mask to your head to
hold it tight. The ventilator pushes air
into your lungs.
NB:Forms of non-invasive ventilation
include devices you might use at home,
like continuous positive airway
pressure(CPAP)or BiLevel positive
airway pressure (often known under the
trade name BiPAP.

11. Ventilation mode is a way of describing how the mechanical
ventilator assists the patient with inspiration.
NB:The characteristics of a particular mode controls how the
ventilator functions
Basic ventilation modes are categorized into the following control
variables.
(a)Volume control
(b)Pressure control

12. (a)Volume Control means that you can set (or control) the patient’s tidal
volume.
Volume control modes
• VC-CMV (VOLUME CONTROL-CONTINUOUS MANDATORY VENTILATION)
• VC-AC(VOLUME CONTROL-ASSIST CONTROL)
• VC-SIMV(VOLUME CONTROL-SYNCHRONISED INTERMITTENT MANDATORY
VENTILATION)
• VC-MMV(VOLUME CONTROL-MANDATORY MINUTE VOLUME)

13. (b)Pressure Control means that you can set (or control) the patient’s
pressure in order to achieve a desired tidal volume.
Pressure control modes
• PC-CMV (PRESSURE CONTROL-CONTINUOUS MANDATORY VENTILATION)
• PC-AC(PRESSURE CONTROL-ASSIST CONTROL)
• PC-SIMV(PRESSURE CONTROL-SYNCHRONISED INTERMITTENT MANDATORY
VENTILATION)
• PC-BiPAP(PRESSURE CONTROL-BIPHASIC POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE)
• PC-APRV(PRESSURE CONTROL-AIRWAY PRESSURE RELEASE VENTILATION)
• PC-PSV (PRESSURE CONTROL-PRESSURE SUPPORT VENTILATION)

14. In mechanical ventilation, there are two basic ventilator modes:
1. Assist/Control (A/C) Mode
2. Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Mode

15. Assist/Control (A/C) Mode
In this mode, a minimum number of preset mandatory breaths are
delivered by the ventilator but the patient can also trigger assisted
breaths. The patient makes an effort to breathe and the ventilator
assists in delivering the breath.
With that said, this mode of ventilation does not allow the patient to
take spontaneous breaths. In this mode, the operator can set either a
controlled pressure or a controlled volume.
This mode is most often used when mechanical ventilation is first
initiated for a patient because this mode provides full ventilatory
support.

16. Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Mode
In this mode, the ventilator delivers a preset minimum number of
mandatory breaths. However, it also allows the patient to initiate
spontaneous breaths in between the mandatory breaths.
This mode also allows the operator to set either a controlled pressure
or a controlled volume.
The primary indication for SIMV is when a patient needs partial
ventilatory support. That is because, since the patient can takes
spontaneous breaths, that means they can contribute to some of their
minute ventilation.

17. The principles of mechanical ventilation include ventilation, oxygenation,
lung compliance, air resistance, deadspace ventilation, and respiratory
failure.
• Ventilation: This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs
during a breathing cycle.
• Oxygenation: This is the process of absorbing oxygen into the
bloodstream.
• Lung compliance: This is a measurement of the lung's ability to expand
and contract.

18. • Airway resistance: This is a measurement of impedance to the movement
of air through the respiratory tract during inspiration and expiration.
• Deadspace ventilation: This is the volume of air that is inhaled that does
not take part in the gas exchange, either because it remains in the
conducting airways or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly
perfused.
• Respiratory failure: This is a condition in which the respiratory system
fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions.

19. Ventilator machine consists of several parts that work
together to generate positive pressure that helps force air
into the lungs following steps below.
The machine delivers oxygen via a tube that is inserted through the
patient’s nose or mouth in a procedure known as intubation or that is
placed directly into the trachea, or windpipe, in a surgical procedure
known as tracheostomy. The opposite end of the tube is connected to
a machine (the ventilator) that pumps a mixture of air and oxygen
through the tube and into the lungs…..

20. The air is warmed and humidified before it goes into the body. The
ventilator further plays a vital role in maintaining positive air
pressure to help prevent small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs from
collapsing.Ventilators are set to pump air into the lungs a certain
number of times per minute. The patient’s heart rate, respiratory
rate, and blood pressure are monitored constantly.

22. • Monitoring devices: Ensure that monitoring devices,
such as pulse oximeters and capnography equipment,
are properly connected and functioning correctly.
Check the accuracy of readings and confirm that
monitoring values align with the patient’s condition.
• Operational check: Initiate the ventilator in standby
mode and assess its response to user commands.
Ensure that the ventilator is responsive and functions
appropriately during the operational check.

23. • Visual inspection: Thoroughly examine the ventilator,
inspecting the power cord, tubing, and connectors for
any visible damage or defects. Check for cleanliness and
ensure there are no contaminants or debris.
• Power source: Verify that the ventilator is connected to a
reliable power source and confirm the battery backup, if
applicable, is fully charged.
• Calibration: Perform calibration checks to ensure the
ventilator is properly calibrated and sensors are
functioning correctly.

24. • Alarm system check: Test the alarm system by
simulating various alarm conditions to ensure
audibility and visibility. Ensure that alarms activate
appropriately and respond to different alarm
settings.
• Ventilator settings and parameters: Verify and
double-check ventilator settings and parameters for
accuracy. Confirm appropriate settings for tidal
volume, respiratory rate, FiO2, and other relevant
parameters based on the intended patient
population and therapy.

25. THANK YOU