Hans Eysenck proposed a type-cum-trait approach to personality that incorporated both types and traits. He believed there were three fundamental personality factors: extraversion vs introversion, neuroticism vs emotional stability, and psychoticism vs impulse control. These factors determine four basic temperament types - melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, and sanguine. Eysenck's theory contributed to research in criminology, education, genetics, psychopathology, and political ideology. It argued that personality traits are determined by heredity.

1. TYPE-CUM-TRAIT APPROACH
K.THIYAGU, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod

2. SAM
SAMANTHA TYPE
Choleric
Mesomorphic
TYPE APPROACH

3. SAM
SAMANTHA
Traits
Aggressive
Hot Tempered
Undisciplined
TRAIT APPROACH

4. Born 4 March 1916
Died 4 September 1997 (aged 81) London, England
Citizenship British
Nationality German
Fields Psychology
Institutions Institute of Psychiatry
Alma mater University College London (UCL)
Known for Intelligence, Personality, Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire,
Differential Psychology, Psychiatry, Behaviour Therapy
Hans Eysenck

5. Eysenck theory =
Type + Trait Approach
Synthesis the type and trait
approaches

6. Hierarchical Order
Type
Level
Trait Level
Habitual Response level
Specific Response Level

7. (Type)
Fourth level –
Organization of traits
into a general type
(Trait)
Third level-
organization / group of
habitual acts into traits
(Habit )
Second Level –
Similar responses of an individual
(Specific)
Lowest Level –
They grow out of particular responses to any
single act

8. (Type)
Introversion
(Trait)
Shyness
(Habit )
Inability to easily strike friendship
/ Hesitancy in talking to strangers
(Specific)
Blushing / reserve
Example

9. (Type)
Extroversion
(Trait)
Friendliness
(Habit )
ability to create friendship /
willing to talking to strangers
(Specific)
Kind / affection
Example

11. Types
Extraversion
Traits
Assertive
Traits
Sociable
Traits
Active
Habitual
Response
Expresses
Needs
Habitual
response
Considerate
Habitual
response
Smiles at
eveyone
Habitual
response
Shakes
everyone's
hand
Habitual
response
Parties
Habitual
response
Energetic in
everything
Specific Response Level
Habitual Response Level

12. Eysenck’s Three Factor Theory
Hans Eysenck believed that there are
three fundamental factors / three basic
dimension in personality:
• Introversion Vs Extroversion
• Neuroticism –
Emotionally instability – emotional stability
• Psychoticism –
Impulse Control - Psychotic

13. EYSENCK’S THREE-FACTOR THEORY /
THREE BASIC DIMENSION
Eysenck argued that these traits are
determined by heredityIntroversion-
Extroversion
Neuroticism-
Emotional
stability
Psychoticism-
Impulse
control

14. A. Extraversion (E)
vs. Introversion
• High Extraversion:
– Outgoing,
– Social,
– Lively,
– Friendly.
• Low Extraversion
[Introversion]:
– Shy,
– Passive,
– Withdrawn.

15. B. Neuroticism (N) vs. Stability
• High Neuroticism:
– Anxious.
– Tense.
– Worried.
– Depressed.
– Moody.
• Low Neuroticism (Stability):
– Sense of Well Being.
– Freedom from Upset.
– Emotionally Stable.
– Easygoing.

16. C. Psychoticism (P) vs. Tender Mindedness
• High Psychoticism:
– Egocentric,
– Impulsive,
– Non-conforming.
– Suspicious,
– Sometimes antisocial.
• Low Psychoticism (Tender Minded)
– Warm,
– Caring,
– Cooperative.
– Conforming to social norms.

17. Eysenck’s Theory Cont.……
The first two factors / dimensions create 4
combinations, related to the four basic
temperaments recognized by ancient Greeks:
• Melancholic (introverted + unstable): sad,
gloomy
• Choleric (extroverted + unstable): hot-
tempered, irritable
• Phlegmatic (introverted + stable): sluggish,
calm
• Sanguine (extroverted + stable): cheerful,
hopeful

20. Contribution of theory
• His theory has contributed to the study
of
• Criminology
• Education
• Genetics
• Psychopathology
• Political ideology

21. Thank You
Jai Bharat!