Concepts of Sensation, Perception, Attention, Concept Formation and Problem Solving - detail discription

1. Concepts of Sensation, Perception, Attention, Concept
Formation and Problem Solving
SURESH BABU G
ASST: PROFESSOR IN PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION

2. SENSATION

3. Sensation
• Sensation are elementary impressions about the
external world gathered by sense organs.
• Knowledge is realized through sense organs Sense
organs – Gate ways of Knowledge.
• Immediate result of sense organ being acted upon
by appropriate stimuli.
• Derived from the stimulation of the sense organs or
receptors.

6. Perception

7. Perception
Process of getting to know
objects and objective facts by
the use of the senses – R.S.
Woodworth and D.G. Marquis.
Perception = Sensation + Meaningful Interpretation

8. Characteristics
• Meaningful
• Selective
• Our past experience determines the
nature of perception
• Synthetic activity
• Analysis in perception
• Analysis and synthesis occur at the same time
• Process of integration takes place

22. Difference Between Sensation and Perception
Sensation
• It involves sensory motor
integration of a low order.
• It is not much influenced by
maturation and learning.
• It does not involves
meaningful interpretation.
• It is a direct response to a
physical stimulus.
Perception
• It involves sensory motor
integration of a higher order.
• It is much influenced by
maturation and learning.
• It involves meaningful
interpretation.
• It is an indirect response to a
physical stimulus.

23. Sensation
• It is a passive process
• Sensation precedes
perception.
• Sensation does not include
a memory of past
experience.
• Sensation is a presentative
process.
• It does not influenced by
previous experience,
interest etc of the individual
Perception
• It is a active process
• Perception follows sensation.
• Perception includes a
memory of past experience.
• Perception is a presentative
representative process.
• It is influenced by the
cognitive and affective
abilities of the individual

24. Attention

25. Meaning of Attention
• “Act of directing one’s thought” towards a
particular act or object.
• Concentration of focusing of consciousness
upon one object
• Military command – prepares a soldier for an
action
-
WOODWORTH

31. Concept Formation

35. Concrete concept and Abstract
concepts
• Abstract concepts focus on more general
things.
• Concrete concepts refer to actual instances –
it focuses on the particular , rather than the
general.

37. Concept Formation

46. Role of teacher for concept forming
• Plan and introduce individualized system of
instruction
• Providing wide variety of stimuli
• Provide direct experience of objects and
events
• Using inductive – deductive method
• Giving more examples

47. Problem Solving

48. Problem Solving
 Problem Solving is a deliberate act on the part of an
individual to overcome the difficulty or obstacle in the
path of the attainment of his goal which ultimately
results in the satisfaction of his needs.
 The term problem solving refers to the mental
process that people go through to discover, analyze
and solve problems.

49. Definitions of Problem Solving
• According to Skinner, problem solving is a
process of overcoming difficulties that appear to
interfere with the attainment of a goal.
• Rusk defines problem solving as planned attack
upon a difficulty or perplexity for the purpose of
finding a satisfactory solution.

50. Steps in Problem Solving
Problem solving is a systematic procedure. John
Dewey identified the following steps in the
process.
1. Recognizing the problem – where the individual
is confronted by some specific problem that
require solution.
2. Defining the problem

51. 3. Collection of relevant data
4. Evaluating and organizing
data
5. Formulating of hypothesis
6. Evaluation of hypothesis
7. Applying the solution
Steps in Problem Solving

52. Strategies of problem solving
• Abstracting
• Analogy
• Brainstorming
• Divide and conquer
• Hypothesis testing
• Lateral thinking
• Means ends analysis
• Proof
• Trial and error

55. Role of Teacher
• Help the pupils to locate and select the problem to be
solved.
• Create moderate motivation in leaner.
• Encourage divergent thinking.
• Present the problem as a whole.
• Guide the pupils in collecting, evaluating and
organizing information and date about the problem.
• Give practice

56. Thanks