Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 hoping to find a western route to Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, establishing the first European presence in the Americas. Spanish conquistadors then sought to expand Spain's control and wealth by conquering native populations, with Hernan Cortes conquering the powerful Aztec Empire after forming alliances with neighboring tribes and defeating the Aztecs in 1521. The Spanish conquest had major impacts through the spread of Christianity, introduction of new technologies and livestock, and the establishment of Mexico City.

1. Chapter 5.1: Europeans Reach the Americas

4. Christopher Columbus landed in San Salvador (Hispaniola) on his first voyage.

14. Spanish Conquest of the Americas