TX History Ch 14.1
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The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
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TX History Ch 14.2
Texas faced ongoing conflicts with Mexico during this period. Mexico contested Texas' claim that the Rio Grande was its southern border. In 1841, Lamar sent 320 Texans on the Santa Fe Expedition to expand Texas' control, but they were captured by Mexican forces and imprisoned. In 1842, Mexican general Rafael Vasquez attacked several Texas towns in what became known as the Archives War. Later that year, 300 rebellious Texas troops invaded Mexico on the ill-fated Mier Expedition, where 100 Mexicans and 30 Texans were killed in battle and the Texan survivors were executed or imprisoned by Santa Anna's order.
TX History Ch 14.3
Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and debt from previous administrations. He continued the policy of reduced government spending. The most serious issue facing his administration was whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Most Texans approved of annexation after independence, though the US did not initially offer it. By 1845, few Texans were interested in negotiating with Mexico for recognition and there was debate among Texans on the issue of annexation.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
Tx history-ch-15.2
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 when Texas joined the United States. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some economic regulations and protections for property rights and prohibiting dueling.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
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TX History Ch 14.2
Texas faced ongoing conflicts with Mexico during this period. Mexico contested Texas' claim that the Rio Grande was its southern border. In 1841, Lamar sent 320 Texans on the Santa Fe Expedition to expand Texas' control, but they were captured by Mexican forces and imprisoned. In 1842, Mexican general Rafael Vasquez attacked several Texas towns in what became known as the Archives War. Later that year, 300 rebellious Texas troops invaded Mexico on the ill-fated Mier Expedition, where 100 Mexicans and 30 Texans were killed in battle and the Texan survivors were executed or imprisoned by Santa Anna's order.
TX History Ch 14.3
Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and debt from previous administrations. He continued the policy of reduced government spending. The most serious issue facing his administration was whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Most Texans approved of annexation after independence, though the US did not initially offer it. By 1845, few Texans were interested in negotiating with Mexico for recognition and there was debate among Texans on the issue of annexation.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
Tx history-ch-15.2
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 when Texas joined the United States. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some economic regulations and protections for property rights and prohibiting dueling.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 11.3
The Mexican army under Santa Anna advanced on San Antonio with 6,000 troops in February 1836. There were only around 100 Texan troops defending the Alamo under Colonel James Neill. Jim Bowie arrived and convinced them not to abandon the fort, saying "we will rather die in these ditches than give them up." William Travis gathered 30 volunteers and took command as Neill left sick. Davy Crockett also arrived with Tennessee volunteers. Over two weeks, the Texans prepared defenses but were vastly outnumbered against Santa Anna's force of over 1,800. On March 6th, Mexican forces launched an all-out assault and overwhelmed the Texan defenders, killing nearly all of them after intense fighting,
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 18.1
The document discusses Texas and the events leading up to its secession from the Union and joining the Confederacy during the Civil War era. It describes growing divisions between the North and South over issues like slavery, states' rights, and tariffs. Key people and events mentioned include the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, the election of Abraham Lincoln, other southern states seceding, and Sam Houston's opposition to secession and removal from office for refusing to swear allegiance to the Confederacy.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 9.3
Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 15.3
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 to establish Texas as a state. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some property protections for married women. The first state election was held in December 1845.
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TX History Ch 11.3
The Mexican army under Santa Anna advanced on San Antonio with 6,000 troops in February 1836. There were only around 100 Texan troops defending the Alamo under Colonel James Neill. Jim Bowie arrived and convinced them not to abandon the fort, saying "we will rather die in these ditches than give them up." William Travis gathered 30 volunteers and took command as Neill left sick. Davy Crockett also arrived with Tennessee volunteers. Over two weeks, the Texans prepared defenses but were vastly outnumbered against Santa Anna's force of over 1,800. On March 6th, Mexican forces launched an all-out assault and overwhelmed the Texan defenders, killing nearly all of them after intense fighting,
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 18.1
The document discusses Texas and the events leading up to its secession from the Union and joining the Confederacy during the Civil War era. It describes growing divisions between the North and South over issues like slavery, states' rights, and tariffs. Key people and events mentioned include the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, the election of Abraham Lincoln, other southern states seceding, and Sam Houston's opposition to secession and removal from office for refusing to swear allegiance to the Confederacy.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 9.3
Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
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TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 15.3
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 to establish Texas as a state. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some property protections for married women. The first state election was held in December 1845.
TX History Ch 22.1
The document discusses the growth of railroads in Texas in the late 19th century. Railroads helped accelerate Texas' economic development by providing a more reliable and cheaper way to ship goods compared to rivers and roads. To encourage railroad expansion, the state enacted land grant laws that gave railroad companies land to sell in order to finance new track construction. This led to over 30 million acres of public land and 6,000 miles of new track being laid between 1876-1889, connecting more cities and regions across Texas.
US History Ch 13.4
Technological advances in the early to mid-1800s revolutionized communication and transportation. Samuel Morse combined existing technologies to invent the telegraph, allowing messages to be sent quickly over wires. The first transcontinental telegraph line was completed in 1861. In farming, John Deere invented the steel-bladed plow and Cyrus McCormick designed an efficient mechanical reaper. In the home, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, later improved by Isaac Singer, making clothing production more efficient.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
TX History Ch 23.3
The oil boom of the late 19th/early 20th century led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to new oil fields. This dramatically increased the populations of places like Beaumont and Sour Lake. The automobile industry grew successful using gasoline from oil in internal combustion engines. Petrochemical industries also emerged producing rubber, plastics, and carbon black from oil. Texas passed laws regulating the oil industry and collecting taxes on oil to support education. The permanent university fund was established using land designated for education, supported by oil royalties and philanthropy which continues to benefit the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems.
US History Ch 12.4
1) The document discusses Indian removal in the 1830s, when the Indian Removal Act authorized relocating American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river.
2) It describes how several tribes, including the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Creek, resisted removal from their homelands and were forced to relocate to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) through treaties or military action.
3) The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia to protect their sovereignty but lost the case, and over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced relocation known as the "Trail of Tears" in 1838.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
US History Ch 12.1
The document summarizes key events in early 19th century US history following the War of 1812. It discusses the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, agreements that helped reduce tensions with Britain like the Rush-Bagot Agreement, the Adams-Onis Treaty that saw Spain cede Florida to the US, and the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine declaring European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas.
Chapter 27.1 world war ii
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The US joined the war in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Texas contributed greatly to the war effort through training soldiers at military bases, producing goods for the war, and Texans enlisting to fight. Key Allied leaders like Eisenhower and Nimitz led the forces. Germany surrendered in 1945, but the war continued in the Pacific until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and end World War II.
US History Ch 13.1
The document summarizes the Industrial Revolution and its impact on manufacturing in the United States. It discusses key breakthroughs like the spinning jenny and water frame that increased textile production. Samuel Slater helped establish the first successful textile mill in Rhode Island by bringing British secrets to America. The development of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney helped enable mass production. While manufacturing grew slowly at first due to a lack of labor and capital, the War of 1812 boosted American manufacturing as ports were blockaded and consumers purchased more domestic goods.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 18.3
The document summarizes several campaigns and battles that took place in Texas and the Southwest region during the American Civil War. It describes how Confederate general Henry Sibley led an expedition from Texas into New Mexico in 1861, defeating Union forces at Valverde but then being forced to retreat due to lack of supplies. It also discusses how Confederate forces recaptured the city of Galveston, Texas from the Union in 1863 using improvised armored ships known as "cottonclads". Additionally, it outlines how Confederate artillery commander Richard Dowling defeated Union forces attempting to invade Texas at the Battle of Sabine Pass in 1863.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
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Tx history-ch-14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted Mexico to recognize its independence, but Mexico refused. Texas sent diplomats to the United States and Europe to gain recognition. By 1837, France, Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands had recognized Texas, which was important for immigration, trade, and loans. However, Mexico still refused to recognize Texas.
Ch 4 Launching A Nation
The document summarizes key events and developments during the presidencies of David Burnet and Sam Houston, and Mirabeau Lamar in the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1841. It discusses the establishment of an interim government, adoption of the Constitution of 1836, elections, financial challenges, relations with Native American tribes, international recognition, and policies around immigration, land, education and military defense. Lamar pursued a more aggressive policy against Native Americans and expansion compared to Houston, though both administrations struggled with debt and the economy.
1. Westward ExpansionThe tensions over slavery factored into oth.docx
1. Westward Expansion
The tensions over slavery factored into other aspects of American politics and society, including westward expansion. Slavery was not the sole reason for American expansion. A common thread running through the country’s history has been its expansion westward. The War of 1812 resulted in Britain discontinuing its attempts to subsidize or support Native American tribes in the Ohio Valley or the Mississippi River Valley. This action helped secure the US’s ability to move westward, buying out or otherwise removing Native American tribes who inhabited the area. The removal did not go without controversy, as the several US wars with Native American tribes attest.
The United States’ geographic location was an immense help in its movement westwards. Flanked by oceans, the United States had little fear of external invasion (with the exception of Great Britain in the War of 1812). Nor did the early presidents favor intervention in foreign politics. The Monroe Doctrine (Links to an external site.) of 1823 established that the US would not interfere in European colonies currently in existence in the Americas, but would not tolerate further European intervention or interference in the western hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine had little practical effect in deterring European behavior, but neither did foreign countries press the matter.
Peace with Britain was another advantage for the United States. The Treaty of Ghent opened the door for a US-British reconciliation of sorts: the US would no longer make moves to acquire British Canada, and Britain would not challenge US westward expansion in its commonly recognized borders. US-British relations were not perfect (particularly in the suppression of the international slave trade), but a series of treaties demonstrated US-British cooperation. The Rush-Bagot Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1818 demilitarized the Great Lakes, established the current US-Canadian border west of the Great Lakes, and provided for joint occupation and government of disputed areas in the Oregon Territory. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1842 settled the Maine-New Brunswick boundary.
2. American Migration to Mexico and the Texas Revolution
To the south, the Transcontinental Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1819 (also known as the Adams-Onis Treaty) established a firm US-Mexican boundary—first with Spain, then with the independent Mexico. Ironically, it was the migration of American citizens out of the United States that set the stage for the most contentious stage of American expansion.
Following Mexico’s independence, Texas became part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas (the local name for the region). This area was in the far north of Mexico, and was sparsely inhabited. As part of a program to colonize the area, in the 1820s Mexico encouraged Americans settlers to migrate. Influential Americans like Stephen Austin (Links to an external site.) received large land.
Manifest Destiny, Monroe Doctrine, and Mexican War (USHC 2.2)
The document discusses how the Monroe Doctrine and Manifest Destiny influenced U.S. foreign relations and expansion in the 1800s. It describes how the Monroe Doctrine aimed to limit European colonization in the Americas and how Manifest Destiny promoted westward expansion as divinely ordained. It then gives details on how these ideas contributed to U.S. involvement in the Texas Revolution and Mexican War, resulting in territorial acquisitions that increased tensions over slavery and expanded the nation from coast to coast.
Jackson for slideshare
Andrew Jackson's presidency brought major changes including the "spoils system" of awarding government jobs to political supporters. He expanded voting rights but also supported the forced removal of Native American tribes, most infamously the Cherokee Trail of Tears. Tensions rose between North and South over tariffs, leading to the Nullification Crisis. Texas declared independence from Mexico and later joined the US, increasing tensions further. The Mexican-American War resulted in Mexico ceding much of the modern Southwest to the US.
Baileychap17
1) The document discusses the expansion of the United States in the 1840s under the ideology of Manifest Destiny, which held that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.
2) It outlines the election of James K. Polk in 1844 and his agenda to annex Texas and acquire Oregon and California from Britain and Mexico.
3) Polk provoked a war with Mexico by moving troops into disputed territory along the Rio Grande river, leading to clashes where American blood was shed on American soil, allowing Polk to ask Congress to declare war to seize California and the Southwest from Mexico.
4) The war was very successful militarily for the US, resulting in the acquisition of over 500,000 square miles
Chican@ Studies 1800-1900
Covers the periods of Mexican Independence, the Mexican-American War, the loss of Atzlan, and the Mexican Cession.
Manitfest destiny
The document discusses key events in the westward expansion of the United States in the early to mid-1800s, including the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Florida, Monroe Doctrine, Missouri Compromise, Indian removal policies like the Trail of Tears, war with Mexico resulting in acquisition of territory, and tensions over states' rights and the balance of free and slave states that contributed to the impending Civil War.
Manifest Destiny
The document discusses the concept of Manifest Destiny and America's westward expansion between 1810-1860. Key events included the increase of nationalism, further western settlement, the Oregon dispute resolved in 1846, the Mexican War adding new territories to the US from 1846-1848, and the California Gold Rush beginning in 1849 which drew thousands of prospectors west. Overall this period saw the partial realization of Manifest Destiny and American control extending across the North American continent, though it also exacerbated tensions around the issue of slavery in the new territories.
Vus6
The document summarizes major events and issues in the United States from the late 18th century through the first half of the 19th century. It discusses the development of the first political parties under Jefferson and Madison, territorial expansion and its impact on Native Americans, the War of 1812 and its division of the nation, the rise of Jacksonian democracy and popular politics, and the sectional issues like slavery, states' rights, and tariffs that increasingly divided the North and South.
Period 5 textbook
The document summarizes Chapter 17 which discusses the events leading up to the Mexican-American War and Texas achieving independence from Mexico in 1836. Key points include that American settlers in Texas did not want to follow Mexican rules requiring they become Catholic and citizens, tensions rose between settlers and the Mexican government, and the independence of Texas from Mexico in 1836 after the battles of the Alamo and Goliad rallied American support behind the Texan cause.
Chapter 10.1 notes
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent republic called the Fredonian Republic. Stephen F. Austin led a militia that forced the Fredonians to flee in 1827. The rebellion worried Mexico and prompted General Manuel de Mier y Teran to investigate American influence in Texas, especially in East Texas. He warned Mexico about the growing conditions and recommended increasing trade, soldiers, and European/Mexican settlement in Texas.
Sam Houston #1
Sam Houston was elected as the first president of Texas in 1836. During his presidency, he established Austin as the capital and sought annexation by the United States, but this was delayed due to tensions with Mexico over Texas' independence. Houston recognized the need for international recognition and secured support from France, Britain, and the Netherlands. However, the Republic of Texas struggled with increasing debt during Houston's term in office, which grew from $1.25 million to $2 million.
His 121 chapter 14 manifest destiny
1) The document discusses Manifest Destiny and westward expansion in the 1840s, including the Mexican War which resulted in the US acquiring California and New Mexico.
2) It describes how westward migration was driven by the belief that it was God's will to settle the West, though Native Americans already lived there, and by the promise of cheap, fertile land.
3) Migration to Texas is discussed, including how slavery became a point of conflict between American settlers and the Mexican government, ultimately leading to the Texas Revolution and annexation of Texas as a new state.
Good feelings, jacksonian democracy, and manifest destiny pt 2
This document outlines objectives related to analyzing the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union in the early-to-mid 19th century United States. It also describes growth of nationalism and sectionalism as reflected in art, literature and language, and distinguishes between economic and social issues that led to these phenomena. Finally, it assesses political events, issues and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism, and evaluates the role of religion in debates over slavery and other social movements.
The Mexican War Essay
The Mexican-American War was driven by American beliefs in Manifest Destiny and tensions over territorial borders. There were two main causes of the war: disputes over the border between Texas and Mexico after Texas gained independence, and American desires to acquire Mexican territories in California and New Mexico, which Mexico refused. After attempts to purchase these lands failed, President Polk provoked Mexico into attacking American troops to justify war. The US ultimately defeated Mexico and gained over 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory in the Southwest through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.
Tx history-ch-15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. Texas was finally admitted as the 28th state in 1845 through a joint congressional resolution signed by President Polk.
Ch 13THE IMPENDING CRISIS· LOOKING WESTWARD· EXPANSION AND W
Ch 13
THE IMPENDING CRISIS
· LOOKING WESTWARD
· EXPANSION AND WAR
· THE SECTIONAL DEBATE
· THE CRISES OF THE 1850s
LOOKING AHEAD
1. How did the annexation of western territories intensify the conflict over slavery and lead to deeper divisions between the North and the South?
2. What compromises attempted to resolve the conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories? To what degree were these compromises successful? Why did they eventually fail to resolve the differences between the North and the South?
3. What were the major arguments for and against slavery and its expansion into new territories?
UNTIL THE 1840s, POLITICAL TENSIONS between the North and the South remained relatively contained and, other than African American writers and clerics, few predicted that sectional tensions could ever lead the country into a civil war.
But midcentury brought a rash of explosive issues that politicians struggled—and ultimately failed—to resolve peacefully. In the North the abolitionist movement picked up steam and inspired legions of supporters, the most aggressive of whom sought to fight slavery with the sword as well as the pen. The South birthed a generation of militant pro-slavery spokesmen who brooked no compromise over a state’s right to embrace slavery and the society based on it. From the West emerged raging controversies over the political fate of the territories and whether they would enter the Union as either slave or free states. Partisans recruited sympathizers from across the nation and even took up arms to win their point.LOOKING WESTWARD
More than a million square miles of new territory came under the control of the United States during the 1840s. By the end of the decade, the nation possessed all the territory of the present-day United States except Alaska, Hawaii, and a few relatively small areas acquired later through border adjustments. Many factors accounted for this great new wave of expansion, but one of the most important was an ideology known as Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny reflected both the growing pride that characterized American nationalism in the mid-nineteenth century and the idealistic vision of social perfection that fueled so much of the reform energy of the time. It rested on the idea that America was destined—by God and by history—to expand its boundaries over a vast area.
By the 1840s, publicized by the rise of inexpensive newspapers dubbed “penny press,” the idea of Manifest Destiny had spread throughout the nation. Some advocates of Manifest Destiny envisioned a vast new “empire of liberty” that would include Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Pacific islands, and ultimately (for the most ardent believers) much of the rest of the world. Countering such bombast were politicians such as Henry Clay and others, who warned that territorial expansion would reopen the painful controversy over slavery. Their voices, however, could not compete with the enthusiasm over expansion in the 18 ...
Mexican
- President Polk desired to expand U.S. territory to include California but Mexico refused American offers to purchase the land, leading to bitter relations between the two countries.
- Tensions further increased due to a boundary dispute between Texas and Mexico and Mexico's refusal to pay debts owed to American citizens, culminating in clashes between Mexican and American troops in 1846 that Polk used to gain approval for war from Congress.
- The U.S. prevailed in the war, gaining control of Texas, California, and much of the present-day American Southwest through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war.
Similar to TX History Ch 14.1 (19)
1. Westward ExpansionThe tensions over slavery factored into oth.docx
1. Westward ExpansionThe tensions over slavery factored into oth.docx
Manifest Destiny, Monroe Doctrine, and Mexican War (USHC 2.2)
Manifest Destiny, Monroe Doctrine, and Mexican War (USHC 2.2)
Good feelings, jacksonian democracy, and manifest destiny pt 2
Good feelings, jacksonian democracy, and manifest destiny pt 2
Ch 13THE IMPENDING CRISIS· LOOKING WESTWARD· EXPANSION AND W
Ch 13THE IMPENDING CRISIS· LOOKING WESTWARD· EXPANSION AND W
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TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
TX History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes Presidential Reconstruction after the Civil War in Texas. It describes how the Freedmen's Bureau was established to help former slaves, but it was ineffective in Texas with few agents. President Johnson laid out a plan for readmitting Confederate states, but it allowed former secessionists to regain power and not protect the rights of African Americans. As a result, the Texas legislature passed Black Codes that restricted freedoms.
TX History Ch 19.4
The document summarizes events in Texas after Reconstruction. It discusses how the 1876 Texas Constitution reduced gubernatorial power and funding for education while greatly expanding the document. It also discusses how Democrats reversed Republican policies and established nearly 100 years of Democratic rule. This led to increased segregation, limiting of African American civil rights and political power through Jim Crow laws. Agriculture remained important and many became tenant farmers or sharecroppers, lacking land and supplies.
TX History Ch 19.2
Congressional Reconstruction began after the election of 1866 gave Republican majorities in Congress. Congress passed Reconstruction Acts that divided the South into military districts and required the former Confederate states to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights and suffrage, and ratify the 14th Amendment. This marked the beginning of Congressional Reconstruction, where the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult under military control. In Texas, Congressional Reconstruction led to the development of the Republican Party, dominated by Unionists, African Americans, and Mexican Americans.
TX History Ch 18.5
1) The war draws to a close as Union forces gain victories over Confederate forces under Lee and Grant takes command of the Union army.
2) Sherman's march through Georgia and the Carolinas helps turn the tide further against the Confederacy.
3) Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox, but fighting continues in Texas until the last battle at Palmito Ranch in May after word of the surrender spreads.
TX History Ch 18.4
The document summarizes the effects of the Civil War on the Texas home front. It discusses how the wartime economy caused shortages of goods and how Texans adapted by growing more crops like corn and wheat. Slaveholders from other Confederate states sent their slaves to Texas. The Confederate government enacted a draft that was unpopular. Unionists in Texas faced persecution, with some violently attacked or lynched for opposing the war or draft. Life became difficult for civilians as martial law was imposed in some Unionist areas.
TX History Ch 18.2
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the Civil War, including Texas' involvement. It discusses how Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in April 1861, prompting Lincoln to call for volunteers. In response, many Texans rushed to join Confederate regiments. The document then outlines some of the major battles of the Civil War, including Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. It also notes the Union's strategy was to blockade southern ports and control the Mississippi River, while the Confederacy sought to wage a defensive war.
US History Ch 15.5
The document summarizes the women's rights movement in the 19th century United States. It discusses key figures like Sojourner Truth, Sarah Grimke, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretia Mott who advocated for women's rights and equality. It also outlines important events like the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, which was organized by Stanton and Mott and launched the organized women's rights movement in the US.
US History Ch 15.4
The document summarizes key aspects of the abolitionist movement in the United States, including the establishment of organizations that opposed slavery and advocated for emancipation like the American Colonization Society and American Anti-Slavery Society. It discusses important abolitionist figures such as William Lloyd Garrison, the Grimke sisters, and Frederick Douglass who spread the message against slavery through publications, speeches, and activism. The Underground Railroad network helped slaves escape to the North, led by conductors like Harriet Tubman. However, the movement faced opposition from those who felt abolition threatened the Southern economy or racial hierarchy.
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