TX History Ch 15.3
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 to establish Texas as a state. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some property protections for married women. The first state election was held in December 1845.
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TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 14.3
Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and debt from previous administrations. He continued the policy of reduced government spending. The most serious issue facing his administration was whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Most Texans approved of annexation after independence, though the US did not initially offer it. By 1845, few Texans were interested in negotiating with Mexico for recognition and there was debate among Texans on the issue of annexation.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 14.2
Texas faced ongoing conflicts with Mexico during this period. Mexico contested Texas' claim that the Rio Grande was its southern border. In 1841, Lamar sent 320 Texans on the Santa Fe Expedition to expand Texas' control, but they were captured by Mexican forces and imprisoned. In 1842, Mexican general Rafael Vasquez attacked several Texas towns in what became known as the Archives War. Later that year, 300 rebellious Texas troops invaded Mexico on the ill-fated Mier Expedition, where 100 Mexicans and 30 Texans were killed in battle and the Texan survivors were executed or imprisoned by Santa Anna's order.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
Tx history-ch-16.2
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TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
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TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 14.3
Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and debt from previous administrations. He continued the policy of reduced government spending. The most serious issue facing his administration was whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Most Texans approved of annexation after independence, though the US did not initially offer it. By 1845, few Texans were interested in negotiating with Mexico for recognition and there was debate among Texans on the issue of annexation.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 14.2
Texas faced ongoing conflicts with Mexico during this period. Mexico contested Texas' claim that the Rio Grande was its southern border. In 1841, Lamar sent 320 Texans on the Santa Fe Expedition to expand Texas' control, but they were captured by Mexican forces and imprisoned. In 1842, Mexican general Rafael Vasquez attacked several Texas towns in what became known as the Archives War. Later that year, 300 rebellious Texas troops invaded Mexico on the ill-fated Mier Expedition, where 100 Mexicans and 30 Texans were killed in battle and the Texan survivors were executed or imprisoned by Santa Anna's order.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
Tx history-ch-16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 15.1
The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX Ch 12.3
Mirabeau B. Lamar was elected as the second president of Texas in 1838. During his presidency, Lamar prioritized public education by granting land for schools and universities. However, the Republic of Texas never established a public school system. Lamar also moved the capital from Houston to a new site along the Colorado River, which was renamed Austin. Lamar had hostile policies towards Native Americans, ordering attacks on the Cherokee and Comanche and further tensions with settlers. However, this increased military spending, debt, and cost lives while pushing Native Americans off their lands.
Tx history-ch-11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. Delegates at the Consultation debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and chose commissioners to travel to the United States while pledging loyalty to Mexico and warning of independence if reforms were not made. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas regular army.
175 Years of Texas
The document summarizes Texas history from 1836 to 1845, beginning with Texas as part of Mexico and the growing tensions between Texians and the Mexican government. This led to the Texas Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of Texas after defeating Santa Anna at San Jacinto. There was then debate about whether Texas should become a state or independent nation before ultimately joining the United States through annexation in 1845. This annexation led to the Mexican-American War and the definition of Texas' modern boundaries.
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TX History Ch 10.3
Texans held two conventions in 1832 and 1833 to discuss grievances and reforms regarding Mexican policies. The Convention of 1832 sought to allow more U.S. immigration, separate Texas from Coahuila, end customs duties, and establish land for public schools. It sent resolutions to Mexico City but saw no results. The Convention of 1833 drafted a proposed state constitution for Texas and sent Stephen F. Austin to negotiate, but he was arrested in Mexico in 1833 and imprisoned for a year.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
Chapter 10.1 notes
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent republic called the Fredonian Republic. Stephen F. Austin led a militia that forced the Fredonians to flee in 1827. The rebellion worried Mexico and prompted General Manuel de Mier y Teran to investigate American influence in Texas, especially in East Texas. He warned Mexico about the growing conditions and recommended increasing trade, soldiers, and European/Mexican settlement in Texas.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
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During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 16.2
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TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX Ch 12.3
Mirabeau B. Lamar was elected as the second president of Texas in 1838. During his presidency, Lamar prioritized public education by granting land for schools and universities. However, the Republic of Texas never established a public school system. Lamar also moved the capital from Houston to a new site along the Colorado River, which was renamed Austin. Lamar had hostile policies towards Native Americans, ordering attacks on the Cherokee and Comanche and further tensions with settlers. However, this increased military spending, debt, and cost lives while pushing Native Americans off their lands.
Tx history-ch-11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. Delegates at the Consultation debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and chose commissioners to travel to the United States while pledging loyalty to Mexico and warning of independence if reforms were not made. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas regular army.
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2nd cont.congress
The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775 to discuss unfair taxation by Parliament and Britain's refusal to address colonial grievances. The Congress established committees to draft the Declaration of Rights and Grievances and the Olive Branch Petition to assert colonial rights while maintaining loyalty. However, King George III refused to read the petition and proclaimed the colonies in open rebellion. By 1776 Congress had drafted and adopted the Declaration of Independence, establishing the colonies' independence from Britain. Congress also printed money, established the Continental Navy and Marines, and passed the Articles of Confederation, creating the framework for the United States government.
TX History Ch 10.3
Texans held two conventions in 1832 and 1833 to discuss grievances and reforms regarding Mexican policies. The Convention of 1832 sought to allow more U.S. immigration, separate Texas from Coahuila, end customs duties, and establish land for public schools. It sent resolutions to Mexico City but saw no results. The Convention of 1833 drafted a proposed state constitution for Texas and sent Stephen F. Austin to negotiate, but he was arrested in Mexico in 1833 and imprisoned for a year.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
Chapter 10.1 notes
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent republic called the Fredonian Republic. Stephen F. Austin led a militia that forced the Fredonians to flee in 1827. The rebellion worried Mexico and prompted General Manuel de Mier y Teran to investigate American influence in Texas, especially in East Texas. He warned Mexico about the growing conditions and recommended increasing trade, soldiers, and European/Mexican settlement in Texas.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
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- It then discusses the different types of colonial governments and growing calls for unity among the colonies, culminating in the First and Second Continental Congresses. This led to the Declaration of Independence and establishment of new state governments with principles like popular sovereignty, limited government, and separation of powers.
- However, the Articles of Confederation that followed had many weaknesses, leading to compromises at the Constitutional Convention and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution, which was then ratified despite opposition from Anti-Federal
Tx history-ch-11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in Texas, where 59 delegates met and declared Texas's independence from Mexico. They listed complaints against Mexico and stated that Texans were denied rights under the Mexican Constitution of 1824. The declaration was unanimously passed and signed. The delegates also created a Constitution of 1836 that modeled the U.S. Constitution, establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights to protect freedoms. David G. Burnet was named as the first president of independent Texas.
Religion and Politics ch4
The document discusses the role of religion in the early Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention. It notes that while the Continental Congress dealt primarily with military and diplomatic issues, it did pass some resolutions related to religion. The Constitution was largely silent on religion, assuming those matters were for states and individuals. During ratification, the lack of religious protections was controversial, leading to the drafting of the First Amendment's religion clauses to address establishment and free exercise. Debates around interpreting the final language of these clauses allow for different understandings of their scope and meaning.
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US History chapter 8
1) George Washington was sworn in as the first US President in 1789. His cabinet established the executive departments and he signed the Bill of Rights into law.
2) Political parties began emerging in the 1790s as Federalists led by Hamilton and Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson disagreed on economic and foreign policy issues.
3) As president from 1797-1801, John Adams enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts to crack down on French immigrants, angering Democratic-Republicans. His reluctance to go to war with France helped Thomas Jefferson defeat him in the 1800 election.
Constitutions Texas
This document outlines the various constitutions that governed Texas over time, including under Mexican rule, as the Republic of Texas, after joining the US in 1845, during the Confederacy in 1861, and subsequent revisions in 1866, 1869, 1876, and questions around potential future revisions. Key points include that Texas was initially governed under the Mexican constitution of 1827 after independence, the 1845 constitution allowed slavery and joined as a slave state, the 1861 constitution strengthened slaveholder rights when joining the Confederacy, and later revisions grappled with Reconstruction and balancing business and agricultural interests.
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The document discusses the origins and development of limited government in England and its influence on the early colonial governments in America. It describes how the Magna Carta protected nobles' rights and established that no one was above the law, including the king. Over time, Parliament emerged as a legislature with representatives of the common people. After the Glorious Revolution, Parliament gained power over the monarch. Early colonial governments in America were modeled after the English system, though the colonies grew accustomed to self-governance. Disagreements over taxation and representation led to increased tensions and eventually the American Revolution and independence.
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TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
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1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
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US History Ch 12.4
1) The document discusses Indian removal in the 1830s, when the Indian Removal Act authorized relocating American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river.
2) It describes how several tribes, including the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Creek, resisted removal from their homelands and were forced to relocate to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) through treaties or military action.
3) The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia to protect their sovereignty but lost the case, and over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced relocation known as the "Trail of Tears" in 1838.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
TX History Ch 18.1
The document discusses Texas and the events leading up to its secession from the Union and joining the Confederacy during the Civil War era. It describes growing divisions between the North and South over issues like slavery, states' rights, and tariffs. Key people and events mentioned include the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, the election of Abraham Lincoln, other southern states seceding, and Sam Houston's opposition to secession and removal from office for refusing to swear allegiance to the Confederacy.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
San Antonio Mission System
Teaching you students about missions in Texas.? This power point covers the five most influential missions in Texas and the United States. Along with the explanation how the lessons and designs of each mission furthered the education in Texas and changed missions throughout the United States. Teaching through stones, purpose of missions, how they were designed, and their current role in history.
US History Ch 12.1
The document summarizes key events in early 19th century US history following the War of 1812. It discusses the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, agreements that helped reduce tensions with Britain like the Rush-Bagot Agreement, the Adams-Onis Treaty that saw Spain cede Florida to the US, and the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine declaring European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas.
Chapter 27.1 world war ii
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The US joined the war in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Texas contributed greatly to the war effort through training soldiers at military bases, producing goods for the war, and Texans enlisting to fight. Key Allied leaders like Eisenhower and Nimitz led the forces. Germany surrendered in 1945, but the war continued in the Pacific until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and end World War II.
US History Ch 13.1
The document summarizes the Industrial Revolution and its impact on manufacturing in the United States. It discusses key breakthroughs like the spinning jenny and water frame that increased textile production. Samuel Slater helped establish the first successful textile mill in Rhode Island by bringing British secrets to America. The development of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney helped enable mass production. While manufacturing grew slowly at first due to a lack of labor and capital, the War of 1812 boosted American manufacturing as ports were blockaded and consumers purchased more domestic goods.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
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TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
Which Constitution
This document discusses the evolution of America's constitutions over time, from the colonial charters through the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution of 1788. It notes how several key principles of the original Constitution, like limited government, federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances, have changed significantly over time due to legislation, amendments, and judicial interpretations. Specifically, the federal government's powers have expanded far beyond the limited, enumerated powers originally intended. The document questions whether America still operates under its original Constitution or something quite different today.
The Articles Of Confederation
The document discusses the Articles of Confederation and the problems that arose under that first form of government for the United States. It describes the limited powers granted to the national government and the states' dominance over certain matters. Key issues that weakened the Articles included the inability to tax, lack of control over economic matters, and foreign relations problems due to the nation's lack of unity. The Northwest Ordinance established a process for admitting new states and was one of the Articles' greatest achievements.
Gov T Chapter 2 A
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention, including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise, that helped address disagreements between large and small states and northern and southern states. The ratification process involved debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the role and powers of the national government.
Gov T Chapter 2 A
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of American government from the English political system through the ratification of the US Constitution. It discusses the key influences on the founding fathers including the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, writings of Locke, and Enlightenment ideas. It then summarizes the major compromises reached at the Constitutional Convention including the Connecticut Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. The ratification process involved debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists with the Federalist Papers helping achieve ratification in the necessary number of states.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
Tx history-ch-9.4
The document summarizes life in early Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It discusses how the Mexican Constitution of 1824 formed the state of Coahuila y Texas and gave states strong local control, similar to the US Constitution. However, it established Roman Catholicism as the official religion and did not have separation of church and state. Most Texans disliked being united with Coahuila as they wanted more local autonomy. Tensions also increased over slavery as Mexican laws restricted it while many US settlers brought slaves to Texas.
Reconstruction
The document provides an overview of Reconstruction in the United States following the Civil War. It discusses the key issues faced, such as how to rebuild the South and protect the rights of freed black people. Different approaches to Reconstruction are examined, from Lincoln's lenient 10% Plan to the more rigorous Radical Reconstruction under Congressional Republicans that established new governments in the South and protected civil rights through amendments and legislation. However, enforcement of these new rights proved difficult as white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan resisted black political participation and violence increased.
Forming A Government
The document summarizes key ideas from Chapter 7 of an American history textbook about the formation of government after the American Revolution. It discusses the ideas of limited government that influenced the writing of state constitutions and Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government with limited powers like negotiating treaties. It also established how the Northwest Territory could become states, including banning slavery, to expand the nation in a way that addressed land issues and future statehood.
The Articles Of Confederation
The document summarizes the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States from 1781-1787. It established a weak national government with most power held by the individual states. Though it allowed for the orderly governance and westward expansion during and after the Revolutionary War, its weaknesses were exposed by events like Shay's Rebellion, leading to calls to reform the national government structure.
2 constitution 2 classes
Introduction to American Government. Department of Government and Politics at Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT
2b Foundation Of Us Dem
The document discusses the influence of British rule on the creation of American democracy. It mentions key documents like the Magna Carta and Glorious Revolution that established limits on monarchal power in Britain and influenced the colonists. The 13 English colonies were established between 1687-1776 for reasons like religious persecution or as trading posts. Grievances with British rule and taxes without representation led to the American Revolution. The Constitution was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
The Critical Period 1781-1789
The document discusses several key aspects of early American history following the Revolutionary War. It outlines the impact of the revolution in increasing equality and expanding voting rights, though women's rights did not progress. It also describes the weak national government under the Articles of Confederation and various problems that arose. Several compromises and new governing documents, like the Northwest Ordinance and US Constitution, were devised to address these issues and establish a stronger federal republic.
Reconstruction 1863 77
- Lincoln's Reconstruction plan aimed for a quick reunification and allowed Confederate states to rejoin the Union once 10% of voters swore allegiance. Congress opposed recognizing the new governments.
- Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill requiring 50% of voters to swear allegiance and hold conventions, angering Lincoln. His death prevented his plan from being fully realized.
- Under Radical Republican plans, the South was placed under military control and required to adopt new constitutions granting black men suffrage before being readmitted to the Union. This led to Republican rule in the South during Reconstruction.
Government Chapter 2
- The document outlines the basic concepts of government that emerged from early English documents like the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights, including ordered government, limited government, and representative government.
- It then discusses the different types of colonial governments and growing calls for unity among the colonies, culminating in the First and Second Continental Congresses.
- Finally, it summarizes the creation of state governments after the Declaration of Independence and the critical period under the Articles of Confederation that led to the drafting and ratification of the US Constitution in 1787.
Reconconstruction1
The document discusses different plans and phases of Reconstruction after the U.S. Civil War, including Lincoln's 10% Plan, the Radical Plan requiring black suffrage, and Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson. It also outlines the passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments, the imposition of Black Codes, and Congress' increasing conflict with President Johnson as Northern alarm over his lenient treatment of the South grew. Finally, it describes the Republican gains in the 1866 election and Congress' Radical Plan asserting control over Reconstruction through the military and requiring new Southern state constitutions.
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. As a southerner himself, he took a lenient approach to reconstructing the former Confederate states, allowing them to quickly rejoin the Union with few restrictions. However, Radical Republicans in Congress opposed this approach and passed laws over Johnson's veto to better protect the rights and citizenship of freed slaves. Tensions escalated as Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act, leading to his impeachment. Though acquitted, Johnson had few accomplishments as president and is considered one of the most unfortunate occupants of the office.
Amer rev
The American Revolution can be viewed from two perspectives: traditionalists saw it as fought for liberties Americans believed they possessed as British citizens, while radicals saw it as a transfer of power from distant British elites to a new American power class. Great Britain faced major problems due to the immense costs of governing the colonies from far away and the vast new territory that was difficult to control. Taxes like the Sugar Act and Stamp Act angered colonists under the slogan "no taxation without representation" and led to events like the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. In response, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts, further angering colonists and leading to the formation of the First Continental Congress to petition the Crown for restored rights.
Goal 3.04 and 3.05 reconstruction
Reconstruction aimed to reunite the nation after the Civil War and integrate freed slaves into society. There were differing views on how to achieve this, from Lincoln's lenient plan to the harsher Radical Republican approach of treating the South as conquered territory. Ultimately, the failure to fully enforce blacks' civil rights through federal legislation and troops combined with the national priority shift away from Reconstruction led to white Southerners regaining political control of former Confederate states by 1877.
Tx history-ch-19.2
Congressional Reconstruction began after problems arose with Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson. Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and passed laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and Reconstruction Acts to establish military control over the South and guarantee rights for African Americans. This marked the beginning of Congressional Reconstruction, where the South was divided into military districts and required to write new constitutions protecting rights and allowing African American suffrage to rejoin the Union. Texas was placed under the Fifth Military District led by General Sheridan and a Republican party formed dominated by Unionists, African Americans, and Mexican Americans that took control of the 1869 constitutional convention and government.
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TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes Presidential Reconstruction after the Civil War in Texas. It describes how the Freedmen's Bureau was established to help former slaves, but it was ineffective in Texas with few agents. President Johnson laid out a plan for readmitting Confederate states, but it allowed former secessionists to regain power and not protect the rights of African Americans. As a result, the Texas legislature passed Black Codes that restricted freedoms.
TX History Ch 19.4
The document summarizes events in Texas after Reconstruction. It discusses how the 1876 Texas Constitution reduced gubernatorial power and funding for education while greatly expanding the document. It also discusses how Democrats reversed Republican policies and established nearly 100 years of Democratic rule. This led to increased segregation, limiting of African American civil rights and political power through Jim Crow laws. Agriculture remained important and many became tenant farmers or sharecroppers, lacking land and supplies.
TX History Ch 19.2
Congressional Reconstruction began after the election of 1866 gave Republican majorities in Congress. Congress passed Reconstruction Acts that divided the South into military districts and required the former Confederate states to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights and suffrage, and ratify the 14th Amendment. This marked the beginning of Congressional Reconstruction, where the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult under military control. In Texas, Congressional Reconstruction led to the development of the Republican Party, dominated by Unionists, African Americans, and Mexican Americans.
TX History Ch 18.3
The document summarizes several campaigns and battles that took place in Texas and the Southwest region during the American Civil War. It describes how Confederate general Henry Sibley led an expedition from Texas into New Mexico in 1861, defeating Union forces at Valverde but then being forced to retreat due to lack of supplies. It also discusses how Confederate forces recaptured the city of Galveston, Texas from the Union in 1863 using improvised armored ships known as "cottonclads". Additionally, it outlines how Confederate artillery commander Richard Dowling defeated Union forces attempting to invade Texas at the Battle of Sabine Pass in 1863.
TX History Ch 18.5
1) The war draws to a close as Union forces gain victories over Confederate forces under Lee and Grant takes command of the Union army.
2) Sherman's march through Georgia and the Carolinas helps turn the tide further against the Confederacy.
3) Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox, but fighting continues in Texas until the last battle at Palmito Ranch in May after word of the surrender spreads.
TX History Ch 18.4
The document summarizes the effects of the Civil War on the Texas home front. It discusses how the wartime economy caused shortages of goods and how Texans adapted by growing more crops like corn and wheat. Slaveholders from other Confederate states sent their slaves to Texas. The Confederate government enacted a draft that was unpopular. Unionists in Texas faced persecution, with some violently attacked or lynched for opposing the war or draft. Life became difficult for civilians as martial law was imposed in some Unionist areas.
TX History Ch 18.2
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the Civil War, including Texas' involvement. It discusses how Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in April 1861, prompting Lincoln to call for volunteers. In response, many Texans rushed to join Confederate regiments. The document then outlines some of the major battles of the Civil War, including Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. It also notes the Union's strategy was to blockade southern ports and control the Mississippi River, while the Confederacy sought to wage a defensive war.
US History Ch 15.5
The document summarizes the women's rights movement in the 19th century United States. It discusses key figures like Sojourner Truth, Sarah Grimke, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretia Mott who advocated for women's rights and equality. It also outlines important events like the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, which was organized by Stanton and Mott and launched the organized women's rights movement in the US.
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TX History Ch 15.3
- 1. Chapter 15: Texas Joins the Union Section 2: Forming a Government
- 19. The First State Election Texas’ First U.S. Senators Sam Houston Thomas J. Rusk
- 20. TEXAS CONSTITUTION OF 1845 Branches of Government Economy Voting & Holding Office Protections