TX History Ch 6.3
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1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years. 2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region. 3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
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TX History Ch 6.4
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Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
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Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
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The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
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Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
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The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. James K. Polk, a supporter of annexation and manifest destiny, was elected president in 1844 on a platform of annexing Texas. The Texas annexation resolution was finally passed in 1845, making Texas the 28th state.
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War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas missions. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
Tx history-ch-6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region known as the "Chicken War". In 1721, the Viceroy ordered Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo to reoccupy the Spanish missions in Texas. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded the Spanish settlements by establishing the new town of Los Adaes and the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
Felipe De Neve
Felipe de Neve was the Spanish governor of Las Californias from 1777 to 1782. During his administration, he oversaw the founding of San Jose and the Presidio of San Francisco. Neve recommended establishing a new settlement where Father Juan Crespi met local Indians, which became Los Angeles. Neve laid out exact plans for how the new town of Los Angeles would be structured, and oversaw its official founding in 1781 with the arrival of the first settlers from Sonora, Mexico. Los Angeles grew slowly in its early decades as a small Spanish colonial town.
Tx history-ch-6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
The Spanish
1. Spain established colonies in Florida and New Mexico in the 1500s-1600s, sending explorers like Pedro Menendez de Aviles to defeat the French in Florida and establish missions and presidios in New Mexico.
2. In 1598, Spain established the colony of New Mexico and founded its capital of Santa Fe in 1610, though the Pueblo people had long lived in the region. Large haciendas and the Royal Road connected New Mexico to Mexico City.
3. Growing tensions led to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, where the Pueblo people drove the Spanish out of New Mexico, but Spain recaptured the region in 1692 and reestablished its colonies
Tx history-ch-7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. Texas policies from 1773-1785 followed this plan, relocating settlers from East Texas to San Antonio and later founding Nacogdoches. A peace treaty was signed with the Comanche in 1785.
A history of the french in the lone star state
The French have contributed significantly to Texas history since the 17th century. Explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle founded the first European settlement in Texas in 1685 near Matagorda Bay. Though the colony was short-lived, it established France's claim to the region. In the 18th century, French traders expanded knowledge of the Gulf Coast and fostered trade with Native American tribes. The settlement of Castroville in 1844 by Henri Castro brought over 2,000 French immigrants from Alsace, creating a culturally distinctive community. Throughout the 19th century, additional French settlers, artists, and businessmen established communities and contributed to Texas culture, with legacies including the Menil art
Ch 1 Contact Of Civilizations
The Spanish used a three pronged approach to colonize Texas - establishing presidios for military protection, missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, and civilian settlements to populate the frontier. This system was implemented at locations like San Antonio de Bexar and Presidio La Bahia to establish a buffer against French encroachment. However, some efforts like the settlements at San Gabriel River and San Saba River failed due to lack of support and attacks from hostile Native American tribes who resisted religious conversion and loss of traditional lands. Overall the Spanish colonization system aimed to incorporate indigenous populations into Spanish Texas but struggled to maintain control of the vast frontier territory.
Ch 1 Contact Of Civilizations
The Spanish used a three pronged approach to colonize Texas - establishing presidios for military protection, missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, and civilian settlements to populate the frontier. This system was implemented at locations like San Antonio de Bexar and Presidio La Bahia to establish a buffer against French influence and incorporate indigenous groups like the Caddos. However, not all settlements succeeded as isolation and conflicts with tribes like the Apaches led to the abandonment of efforts on the San Gabriel and San Saba Rivers. Overall the Spanish colonization process in Texas aimed to bring the region and its native peoples under Spanish influence.
Ch 1 Contact Of Civilizations
The document provides an overview of the indigenous peoples and early European contact in what is now Texas. It discusses the origins and cultures of various Native American groups in Texas, such as the Karankawas, Caddos, Jumanos, Apaches, Comanches, Kiowas, and Tonkawas. It then covers the early Spanish exploration of the region beginning in the 16th century, including expeditions led by Cabeza de Vaca, Coronado, and de Soto. Finally, it outlines the Spanish colonial process in Texas, which involved the establishment of presidios, missions, and civilian settlements to control the territory and convert indigenous groups to Catholicism.
Ch 1 Contact Of Civilizations
The Spanish used a three pronged approach to colonize Texas - establishing presidios for military protection, missions to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, and civilian settlements to populate the frontier. This system was implemented at locations like San Antonio de Bexar and Presidio La Bahia to establish a buffer against French influence and control the lucrative buffalo trade. However, some efforts like the settlements at San Gabriel River and San Saba River failed due to Indian attacks and an inability to convert local tribes like the Tonkawas and Apaches. Overall the Spanish colonization system aimed to incorporate indigenous lands into Spanish control through religious conversion or force.
Spanish colonization in america 1
1) Pedro Menendez de Aviles led Spanish forces that defeated the French in Florida in 1565 and established St. Augustine as the first permanent European settlement.
2) Don Juan de Onate led Spanish forces north of the Rio Grande in 1610 to establish Santa Fe, New Mexico, hoping to find gold and silver but instead finding hot, dry land unsuitable for farming.
3) The Spanish enslaved the indigenous Pueblo people and forced them to adopt Christianity, leading to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt led by Po'pay against Spanish rule.
California Missions
This document summarizes Spain's colonization and expansion into Alta California through the establishment of missions and presidios in the late 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses early Spanish explorations along the coast, the founding of Mission Loreto in 1697, the establishment of additional Jesuit missions in Baja California, and the uprising of native peoples in 1734. It then covers the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, the appointment of Governor Portolá and Father Junipero Serra to lead the colonization of Alta California beginning in 1769, and Spain's goals under King Charles III to secure the Pacific coast and transition California to civil society.
Tx history-ch-6.2
The document summarizes Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle's expedition to establish a French colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1684. La Salle built Fort St. Louis after missing the river's mouth and landing in Matagorda Bay. However, the colony struggled with hunger, disease and Indian attacks. By 1689, the Karankawa Indians had destroyed the fort after most of the colonists perished. This established France's claim to Louisiana but was later found abandoned by the Spanish.
Caitlyns
The document provides an overview of the Spanish missions in California, including their founding, design, and impact. It discusses how the 21 missions were established along coastal California by Father Junipero Serra in the late 18th century to convert native peoples to Christianity and establish agricultural communities. While the missions had cultural impacts and introduced Catholicism, they also significantly disrupted native cultures and spread diseases. The missions shared similar architectural designs, including rectangular courtyards, shops, rooms, churches, and bell towers. Some famous missions discussed include San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz.
Similar to TX History Ch 6.3 (20)
Spain, Mexican Revolution to Texas Rebellion and The Alamo
Spain, Mexican Revolution to Texas Rebellion and The Alamo
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TX History Ch 23.3
The oil boom of the late 19th/early 20th century led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to new oil fields. This dramatically increased the populations of places like Beaumont and Sour Lake. The automobile industry grew successful using gasoline from oil in internal combustion engines. Petrochemical industries also emerged producing rubber, plastics, and carbon black from oil. Texas passed laws regulating the oil industry and collecting taxes on oil to support education. The permanent university fund was established using land designated for education, supported by oil royalties and philanthropy which continues to benefit the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems.
TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
TX History Ch 22.1
The document discusses the growth of railroads in Texas in the late 19th century. Railroads helped accelerate Texas' economic development by providing a more reliable and cheaper way to ship goods compared to rivers and roads. To encourage railroad expansion, the state enacted land grant laws that gave railroad companies land to sell in order to finance new track construction. This led to over 30 million acres of public land and 6,000 miles of new track being laid between 1876-1889, connecting more cities and regions across Texas.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
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TX History Ch 6.3
- 1. Chapter 6: The Spanish Missions Section 3: The Spanish Return to Texas
- 16. San José y San Miguel de Aguayo,
- 18. Mission San Juan Capistrano
- 20. Mission San Francisco de la Espada
- 21. Espada Aqueduct
- 24. The National Park Service is currently planning a historical trail in commemoration of the Camino Real http://www.senate.gov/~hutchison/ccelcamino.htm http://www.nps.gov/elte/