TX History Ch 7.3
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1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee. 2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month. 3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
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TX History Ch 7.2
The document discusses disputes between Spain and the United States over borders and territory from 1775 to 1819. It describes how the growing power and expansion of the United States posed a threat to Spanish control of Texas and Louisiana. Key events included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the US, and disputes over the border between Texas and Louisiana that were temporarily resolved by agreeing to a neutral zone between the territories in 1806, before a permanent solution was reached with the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.
TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
- In Texas, wealthy Tejano ranchers lived on large ranches along the Rio Grande while others lived in small mud huts. Mexico took control of Texas and had to determine policies around settlement and governance.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
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TX History Ch 6.2
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TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 9.1
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TX History Ch 6.4
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TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
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TX History Ch 6.5
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TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 6.1
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TX History Ch 9.1
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TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
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TX History Ch 10.2
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TX History Ch 10.1
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TX History Ch 14.3
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TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
TX History Ch 5.1
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TX History Ch 9.3
Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
TX History Ch 5.2
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda mapped the Texas Gulf Coast in the 1520s. In 1527, Panfilo de Narvaez led an expedition to Florida in search of gold but his forces became lost in swamps. Storms destroyed their ships, leaving Narvaez and his men stranded. They built boats to escape but Narvaez drowned, and two ships landed on an island off the Texas coast called Malhado. Only four men, including Cabeza de Vaca, survived. They spent eight years traveling along the Texas coast, interacting with Native Americans and gathering food to trade before being rescued in 1536.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
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TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
TX History Ch 10.3
Texans held two conventions in 1832 and 1833 to discuss grievances and reforms regarding Mexican policies. The Convention of 1832 sought to allow more U.S. immigration, separate Texas from Coahuila, end customs duties, and establish land for public schools. It sent resolutions to Mexico City but saw no results. The Convention of 1833 drafted a proposed state constitution for Texas and sent Stephen F. Austin to negotiate, but he was arrested in Mexico in 1833 and imprisoned for a year.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing people to own large tracts of land in exchange for small fees. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
Tx history-ch-16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 14.3
Anson Jones was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1844. As president, he inherited economic problems and debt from previous administrations. He continued the policy of reduced government spending. The most serious issue facing his administration was whether Texas should pursue annexation by the United States. Most Texans approved of annexation after independence, though the US did not initially offer it. By 1845, few Texans were interested in negotiating with Mexico for recognition and there was debate among Texans on the issue of annexation.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
Tx history-ch-11.5
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
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This document provides an overview of nation-building efforts in the Americas between the late 18th century and mid-19th century. It describes how Latin American countries gained independence from European rule, through leaders like Bolivar and San Martin, leading to the end of European dominance by 1824. It also outlines the expansion and strengthening of the United States through territorial growth, wars, and political and economic developments, until tensions over slavery erupted into the American Civil War in 1861.
The Long 19th Century
The document provides an overview of several historical events and periods in the Americas between the 18th and 19th centuries. It discusses the independence of Latin American countries from European powers, westward expansion and wars in North America, the immigration boom to the US, the establishment of governments in Canada and new Latin American states, as well as several conflicts including the US Civil War, Mexican-American War, and French intervention in Mexico. Key events and dates are outlined for each topic.
Manifest destiny map
Manifest Destiny was the belief in the 1800s that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean. From 1803 to 1853, the U.S. more than doubled in size through various territorial acquisitions like the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico, gaining control of land stretching from coast to coast. This westward expansion was driven by both the desire to spread democracy and economic opportunities like the California Gold Rush of 1849.
Manifest destiny
Manifest Destiny was the belief in the 1800s that the United States was destined to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean. From 1803 to 1853, the U.S. more than doubled in size through various territorial acquisitions like the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico, gaining control of land stretching from coast to coast. This westward expansion was driven by both the desire to spread democracy and economic opportunities like the California Gold Rush of 1849.
Latinamericanindependencemovementsandrevolutions 090319164612-phpapp02
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, independence movements arose across Latin America inspired by the American and French Revolutions. In Haiti, Toussaint L'Ouverture led a successful slave rebellion against France in the 1790s, temporarily gaining independence for Haiti. In Spanish colonies, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led military campaigns that established independent republics across much of South America in the 1810s-1820s. In Mexico, Miguel Hidalgo initiated an uprising for independence in 1810 that led to the establishment of a Mexican republic in 1821 after victories by other rebel leaders. By the 1840s, most Latin American nations had achieved independence, though political
Latinamericanindependencemovementsandrevolutions 090319164612-phpapp02
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, independence movements arose across Latin America inspired by the American and French Revolutions. In Haiti, Toussaint L'Ouverture led a successful slave rebellion against France in the 1790s, temporarily gaining independence for Haiti. In Spanish colonies, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín led military campaigns that established independent republics across much of South America in the 1810s-1820s. In Mexico, Miguel Hidalgo initiated an uprising for independence in 1810 that led to the establishment of a Mexican republic in 1821 after victories by other rebel leaders. By the 1840s, most Latin American nations had achieved formal independence, though
War Of 1812
The document discusses the causes, events, and historiography of the War of 1812. Key points of debate among historians include whether it was caused by British trade restrictions or American expansionism, and whether any sides achieved their goals. The war involved battles between American and British forces, as well as conflicts with Native American groups allied with the British. The Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ended hostilities without resolving issues such as impressment, and historians disagree on how much the war impacted territorial ambitions in the aftermath.
Westward expansion(1)
Westward expansion in the United States between 1790-1850 was driven by the availability of fertile land in Oregon, the suitability of Texas for ranching and cotton farming, and the belief in Manifest Destiny. This led to key events like the annexation of Texas, the Oregon Treaty dividing Oregon with Britain, gains from the Mexican-American War, and the Gadsden Purchase. Gold discoveries in California also stimulated westward migration.
Westward Expansion
The document discusses several key events in early 19th century America, including the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 whereby the United States acquired the Louisiana Territory from France in a deal brokered by President Thomas Jefferson. It also describes the Lewis and Clark Expedition from 1803-1806 that explored the new western lands. Further, it outlines the conflicts between American settlers and Shawnee leader Tecumseh, culminating in the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. The document concludes with an overview of the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 that ended hostilities.
9.1 revolutionary war_i
The document summarizes key events in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to early 1778, including the battles of Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston, as well as the formation of the Continental Army and Congress. It also discusses the publication of Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, early battles in New York, and the pivotal American victory at Saratoga in 1777, which led France to enter the war as an American ally. The summary ends with Washington's army spending the harsh winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge.
Latin America Revolutionary Movements
Latin American revolutionary movements in the early 19th century were led by creoles seeking independence from European colonial powers like Spain and Portugal. By the 1820s and 1830s, most Latin American states had gained independence, though political instability and authoritarian rule by military dictators were common. Independence did little to improve the conditions of indigenous and slave populations. Throughout the late 1800s, new revolutionary movements emerged seeking land reform, secular rule, and greater political participation as Latin American nations struggled with foreign economic domination and conflicts over land and resources with native groups.
Chapter 25 – texans at home and abroad
The document summarizes Texas' involvement in several early 20th century world events. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, over 10,000 Texans fought including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders regiment. The war increased Texas' role in global affairs. The Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 caused refugees to flee to Texas and conflicts with local authorities. When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, around 200,000 Texans served while the state's economy boomed supplying needs for the war.
Ty Power Point
The U.S. Mexican War began in 1846 due to a dispute over the border between Texas and Mexico and American desires to expand its territory across North America under the belief of manifest destiny. General Zachary Taylor led U.S. troops to victory at the first major battle of Palo Alto. Meanwhile, General Santa Anna commanded Mexican forces attempting to stop the U.S. invasion. After several more American victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848, ending the war and ceding large territories to the U.S. including California and New Mexico.
8.1 latin america fights for independence
This document provides an overview of Latin American society and independence movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes the racial hierarchies and divisions within colonial Latin American societies, with peninsulares at the top and indigenous peoples at the bottom. Major events discussed include the Haitian Revolution led by figures like Boukman and Toussaint L'Ouverture, which established Haiti as the first free state in Latin America. Simón Bolívar and other libertadores like San Martin and O'Higgins led independence movements across South America in the 1810s-1820s that eventually freed nations from Spanish rule. Mexico's independence movement was launched by figures like Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria
Latin American Independence
Latin American nations gained independence from Spain in the early 1800s through revolutionary movements led by influential figures like Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. Discontent with colonial rule had been growing due to resentment of social hierarchies and the influence of Enlightenment ideas. The first successful revolution was in Haiti, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, who established the first independent black republic. Mexico gained independence after leaders like Miguel Hidalgo and Agustín de Iturbide led revolts against Spanish rule. South American nations established independence under leaders who fought to liberate their nations from Spain and unite them, though unification efforts like Gran Colombia ultimately failed. New nations faced ongoing challenges in building stable
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More from txaggieteacher
TX History Ch 23.3
The oil boom of the late 19th/early 20th century led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to new oil fields. This dramatically increased the populations of places like Beaumont and Sour Lake. The automobile industry grew successful using gasoline from oil in internal combustion engines. Petrochemical industries also emerged producing rubber, plastics, and carbon black from oil. Texas passed laws regulating the oil industry and collecting taxes on oil to support education. The permanent university fund was established using land designated for education, supported by oil royalties and philanthropy which continues to benefit the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems.
TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
TX History Ch 22.1
The document discusses the growth of railroads in Texas in the late 19th century. Railroads helped accelerate Texas' economic development by providing a more reliable and cheaper way to ship goods compared to rivers and roads. To encourage railroad expansion, the state enacted land grant laws that gave railroad companies land to sell in order to finance new track construction. This led to over 30 million acres of public land and 6,000 miles of new track being laid between 1876-1889, connecting more cities and regions across Texas.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
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"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
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Some of them have taken not one but two steps forward in their rehabilitation," he said. None of the injured players will feature in this week’s warm-up friendlies against Montenegro and Luxembourg. Romania centre-back Radu Dragusin found chances limited at Tottenham Hotspur in the second half of the 2023-24 season.
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However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
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TX History Ch 7.3
- 1. Chapter 7: Conflicts of Empire Section 3: Unrest and Revolution