The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.

1. Chapter 20: The Indian Wars Section 2: War on the Plains

2. The Salt Creek Raid Problems remain after Treaty of Medicine Lodge Indians frustrated with reservation life Some Indians begin to attack Texas settlements

3. The Salt Creek Raid July 1870: U.S. troops defeated in battle after chasing Kiowa that attacked a stagecoach August 1870: Kiowa leader White Horse leads a series of attacks Legislature asks for help

4. The Salt Creek Raid 1871: Gen. William T. Sherman sent to Texas Has doubts about Indian threat General William T. Sherman

5. The Salt Creek Raid May 1871: Kiowa & Comanche under big Tree, Satank, & Satanta attack wagon train near Salt Creek 7 men killed Big Tree & Santanta

6. The Salt Creek Raid Salt Creek Raid —Kiowa and Comanche attack on a wagon train that caused a shift in military policy towards Indians

7. The Salt Creek Raid Sherman has Big Tree, Satank, & Satanta arrested Satank killed while trying to escape Big Tree & Satanta convicted or murder and sentenced to death

8. The Salt Creek Raid Gov. E.J. Davis changes sentence to life in prison Released from prison in 1873 Governor E.J. Davis

9. Mackenzie’s Raids The Salt Creek Raid convince the war department that Indians must be forced onto reservations.

10. Mackenzie’s Raids Ranald S. Mackenzie —U.S. colonel who became famous fighting American Indians on the frontier Ranald S. Mackenzie

11. Mackenzie’s Raids Colonel Mackenzie’s campaign in Texas was meant to force all of the Indians onto reservations.

12. Mackenzie’s Raids Fall 1871: Mackenzie begins raids Led by Tonkawa Indian scouts Fought battle against Comanche at Blanco Canyon

13. Mackenzie’s Raids Quanah Parker —Comanche leader whose mother was a captured settler Quanah Parker

14. Cynthia Parker Captured by Comanche in 1836 Lived with Comanche 1860: captured by Texas Rangers Always wanted to return to Comanche Cynthia Parker

15. Mackenzie’s Raids Mackenzie pursues Comanche into Panhandle Escape during snowstorm Spring 1872: Mackenzie renews attacks following Indian raids

16. Mackenzie’s Raids September 29, 1872: Mackenzie’s troops defeat a Comanche force near Pampa Killed Comanche, destroyed village, & took 120 women and children prisoner Parker led unsuccessful attack to free prisoners

17. Mackenzie’s Raids Mackenzie kept prisoners at Fort Concho to try & convince others to surrender Many Comanche abandoned life on plains & move to reservations Mackenzie goes to Mexican border to stop Kickapoo & Lipan Apache attacks

18. The Slaughter of the Buffalo Plains Indians depended on buffalo for generations Risks to survival of buffalo: Westward expansion of railroads Development of new tanning technology & a market for hides

19. The Slaughter of the Buffalo Risks to survival of buffalo: Buffalo guns Desire to force Plains Indians to live on reservations

20. The Slaughter of the Buffalo Buffalo guns allowed hunters to kill from a long distance away.

21. The Slaughter of the Buffalo “ Let them (hunters) kill, skin, & sell until the buffaloes are exterminated. Then your prairies can be covered with speckled cattle.” --General Philip Sheridan General Philip Sheridan

22. The Slaughter of the Buffalo Buffalo killed in order to force Indians to move. Growing market for buffalo hides nearly made them extinct . 1872-1874: estimated 4.3 million buffalo killed