TX History Ch 5.2
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Alonso Alvarez de Pineda mapped the Texas Gulf Coast in the 1520s. In 1527, Panfilo de Narvaez led an expedition to Florida in search of gold but his forces became lost in swamps. Storms destroyed their ships, leaving Narvaez and his men stranded. They built boats to escape but Narvaez drowned, and two ships landed on an island off the Texas coast called Malhado. Only four men, including Cabeza de Vaca, survived. They spent eight years traveling along the Texas coast, interacting with Native Americans and gathering food to trade before being rescued in 1536.
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TX History Ch 5.1
Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 hoping to find a western route to Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, establishing the first European presence in the Americas. Spanish conquistadors then sought to expand Spain's control and wealth by conquering native populations, with Hernan Cortes conquering the powerful Aztec Empire after forming alliances with neighboring tribes and defeating the Aztecs in 1521. The Spanish conquest had major impacts through the spread of Christianity, introduction of new technologies and livestock, and the establishment of Mexico City.
TX History Ch 5.3
1) Cabeza de Vaca returns to Mexico and reports stories of large cities and gold in the northern lands.
2) Fray Marcos de Niza leads an expedition with Estevanico as a guide. Estevanico is killed by native people in 1539.
3) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado leads an expedition as the new governor to search for the golden cities, guided by Fray Marcos. They find no gold, just small villages. Coronado returns to Mexico in 1542 seeing the expedition as a failure.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 7.2
The document discusses disputes between Spain and the United States over borders and territory from 1775 to 1819. It describes how the growing power and expansion of the United States posed a threat to Spanish control of Texas and Louisiana. Key events included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the US, and disputes over the border between Texas and Louisiana that were temporarily resolved by agreeing to a neutral zone between the territories in 1806, before a permanent solution was reached with the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.
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TX History Ch 5.1
Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 hoping to find a western route to Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, establishing the first European presence in the Americas. Spanish conquistadors then sought to expand Spain's control and wealth by conquering native populations, with Hernan Cortes conquering the powerful Aztec Empire after forming alliances with neighboring tribes and defeating the Aztecs in 1521. The Spanish conquest had major impacts through the spread of Christianity, introduction of new technologies and livestock, and the establishment of Mexico City.
TX History Ch 5.3
1) Cabeza de Vaca returns to Mexico and reports stories of large cities and gold in the northern lands.
2) Fray Marcos de Niza leads an expedition with Estevanico as a guide. Estevanico is killed by native people in 1539.
3) Francisco Vasquez de Coronado leads an expedition as the new governor to search for the golden cities, guided by Fray Marcos. They find no gold, just small villages. Coronado returns to Mexico in 1542 seeing the expedition as a failure.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 7.2
The document discusses disputes between Spain and the United States over borders and territory from 1775 to 1819. It describes how the growing power and expansion of the United States posed a threat to Spanish control of Texas and Louisiana. Key events included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 which doubled the size of the US, and disputes over the border between Texas and Louisiana that were temporarily resolved by agreeing to a neutral zone between the territories in 1806, before a permanent solution was reached with the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819.
TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
- In Texas, wealthy Tejano ranchers lived on large ranches along the Rio Grande while others lived in small mud huts. Mexico took control of Texas and had to determine policies around settlement and governance.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 9.3
Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing people to own large tracts of land in exchange for small fees. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
Tx history-ch-11.5
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TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
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TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
- In Texas, wealthy Tejano ranchers lived on large ranches along the Rio Grande while others lived in small mud huts. Mexico took control of Texas and had to determine policies around settlement and governance.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 9.3
Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing people to own large tracts of land in exchange for small fees. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
Tx history-ch-11.5
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
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Al-Ándalus
The document outlines the political history of Muslim rule in Spain from the 8th to 15th centuries. It begins with the quick conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in the 8th century and establishment of an independent emirate. In the 10th century, the Caliphate of Córdoba was formed, which disintegrated in the 11th century into competing Taifas kingdoms. The 11th century also saw the rise of the Almoravid and Almohad Empires, with the Almohads occupying the peninsula in the 12th century. The 13th century was marked by Muslim control before and Christian gains after the pivotal Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212,
Campaign for North Africa
The document discusses the North Africa Campaign between Italy and Allied forces in 1940-1941. It introduces the geography of the desert terrain and long supply lines that favored mobile armored warfare. It describes the initial Italian advance into Libya and the subsequent Operation Compass launched by the British in January 1941 that led to the defeat of the Italian 1st Libyan Division "Sibelle" and Raggruppamento Maletti at key battles, culminating in the Allied forces' encirclement of Italian troops at Beda Fomm.
The warinnorthafrica
The battle between the allies and axis powers in North Africa began with the fight over the key port of Tobruk in Libya, resulting in an Italian and German defeat that gave the allies an advantage. This led to the British victory over German forces in the Battle of El-Alamein after outnumbering them two to one. Shortly after, the allies launched Operation Torch, an amphibious invasion of Vichy French North Africa that secured over 1,000 miles of coastline. While the axis forces retreated to Tunisia, the allies pursued and eventually took Tunisia as well, ending the North African campaign.
Al-Andalus
The document summarizes the history of Al-Andalus (711-1492) in Iberia after the Muslim conquest. It describes how Muslim armies invaded the Iberian peninsula in 711 CE after the Visigoth kingdom fell into crisis. They quickly conquered most of the peninsula, establishing an emirate. The emirate grew into an independent Islamic state and later a caliphate centered in Córdoba, which became one of the most advanced cities in Europe. Internal conflicts in the 11th century caused the caliphate to break into smaller kingdoms (taifas) that were eventually conquered by North African dynasties like the Almoravids and Almohads
WW2 Presentation Zac,Jordan,Thomas
The document summarizes key events and developments in the North African and Mediterranean theaters of World War 2. In North Africa, it outlines the timeline of major battles between Allied and Axis forces from 1940-1943, including Rommel's offensives and the critical Allied victory at El Alamein in 1942. In the Mediterranean, it describes major naval engagements and air operations around Malta and convoy routes. Tank warfare played a pivotal role in North Africa while air and naval power were decisive in the Mediterranean. Control of these regions tied up significant Axis resources and ultimately forced Germany to fight on multiple fronts.
Judge ch02 lecture
This chapter summarizes early societies in West Asia and North Africa from prehistory to around 500 BCE. It describes the emergence of complex societies like the Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia, including innovations like writing. It then discusses the spread of Sumerian culture through empires like Akkadia, as well as other influential societies such as the early Egyptians, Hittites, Israelites, and Phoenicians. The chapter also examines northeast African kingdoms like Kush and Meroë that developed cultural connections with Egypt.
Advent of islam in top 10 countries
Advent of Islam. How Islam reached various places of the world. Spread of Islam in top countries.
Islam in top 10 countries of the world.
World war ii key battles
The Battle of Stalingrad was a pivotal battle during World War 2 that took place from 1942 to 1943 in the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. It resulted in over 2 million casualties and marked a major turning point in the war, with the Soviet Union pushing back the German advance. The battle involved intense urban combat from house to house and ended with the surrender of the surrounded German 6th Army, delivering a devastating defeat to Hitler's forces.
North africa campaign
This document summarizes the North Africa Campaign of World War II. It explains that both Allied and Axis powers had colonial interests in Africa, leading Germany to send reinforcements under Erwin Rommel to support Italy against the British. Rommel was initially successful pushing the Allies back, but lacked supplies. At the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942, the Allies held the line and defeated Rommel, marking the first Allied victory over German forces in World War II.
North Africa in World War II
The North Africa Campaign took place from 1940 to 1943 between Allied and Axis forces in North Africa. It included several major battles and campaigns, such as the Western Desert Campaign, the Battle of El Alamein, and Operation Torch. The Battle of El Alamein in 1942 was a major turning point that resulted in Axis forces under Rommel retreating. Operation Torch saw Allied forces successfully invade Morocco and Algeria in 1942. This was followed by the Tunisia Campaign, which involved over half a million Allied and Axis troops and resulted in over 200,000 Axis casualties and the capture of 275,000 Axis prisoners of war.
Southwest Asia & North Africa
The document discusses population patterns and settlement in Southwest Asia and North Africa. It describes how less than two-thirds of the overall population lives in urban areas, with better watered coastal districts attracting more people. It also examines the role of water resources like rivers in supporting domestication and pastoral nomadism, and how cities originally developed as centers of political, religious, and trade authority. The document analyzes factors like colonialism, conflicts, economies, poverty levels, and women's roles that influence populations across the region.
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Exploring America
Pánfilo de Narváez led 400 Spanish soldiers who landed in Florida in 1528, but hostile natives, illness, and starvation caused most of the men to die or drown when they tried to sail to Mexico. Only Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca and three others survived after wandering as captives and traders for years across Texas, finally reaching Mexico City in 1536. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led expeditions from 1540 to 1542 searching for the fabled "Seven Cities of Gold" in present-day New Mexico. García López de Cárdenas, exploring for Coronado, was the first European to see the Grand Canyon but
European Explorers in Texas
This document provides definitions and summaries of key terms and events related to the early exploration of North America by Europeans between the 15th and late 17th centuries. It describes expeditions led by major explorers like Columbus, Cortes, Pineda, Narvaez, Cabeza de Vaca, Coronado, De Soto, Onate, La Salle, and De Leon into areas that would become Mexico, the Gulf Coast, and Texas. These expeditions claimed the lands for Spain and other European powers and led to increased colonization and conflict with native populations.
European explorers
Here is the timeline with the requested information:
1519 - Hernando Cortes
- Explored Mexico
- Conquer land for Spain
- Defeated the Aztec Indians and took over Tenochtitlan, found wealth
1528 - Panfilo de Narvaez
- Explored Florida coast
- Claim lands for Spain
- Shipwrecked by hurricane, many men died fighting Native Americans
- Survivors made rafts and landed in Galveston Island
1539 - Cabeza de Vaca
- Explored west Texas through desert
- Find village of adobe homes
- Remained as slave and medicine man with Karankawas for 8 years
Ca
The document summarizes the history of California from its early exploration by Europeans to its settlement and development in the 19th century. It describes the different regions of California including the valley, desert, coast, and mountain regions. It discusses key explorers like Juan Cabrillo, Sir Francis Drake, Christopher Columbus, and Vitus Bering. It also covers the establishment of Spanish missions and presidios under Father Serra and Gaspar de Portola. The Gold Rush starting in 1849 is summarized, along with important figures like Sam Brannan, Levi Strauss, and Biddy Mason.
Ca
The document summarizes the history of California from its early exploration by Europeans to its settlement and development in the 19th century. It describes the different regions of California including the valley, desert, coast, and mountain regions. It discusses the Spanish explorers who first visited California like Juan Cabrillo and Francis Drake. It also covers the Mexican rule over California and the influx of American settlers during the Gold Rush, which led California to become a state.
Ca
The document summarizes the history of California from its early exploration by Europeans to its growth during the Gold Rush era. It describes the different regions of California including the valley, desert, coast, and mountain regions. It discusses key explorers who visited California like Juan Cabrillo, Sir Francis Drake, Christopher Columbus, and Vitus Bering. It also outlines the establishment of Spanish missions and presidios under Father Serra and Gaspar de Portola and the influx of settlers during the 1849 Gold Rush.
Ca
The document summarizes the history of California from its early exploration by Europeans to its development in the 19th century. It describes the different regions of California including the valley, desert, coast, and mountain regions. It discusses the Spanish explorers who first visited California like Juan Cabrillo and Francis Drake. It also covers the Mexican rule over California and the influx of American settlers during the Gold Rush, which led California to become a state in 1848 after the Mexican-American War.
Ca
The document summarizes California's history from early Spanish explorers like Juan Cabrillo and Francis Drake in the 16th century to the Mexican-American War and Gold Rush in the mid-19th century. It describes the four geographic regions of California - the valley, desert, coast, and mountain regions - and the economy and settlements developed by Spanish missions, presidios, pueblos, and ranchos. Key events included the establishment of the first Spanish mission in San Diego by Father Serra in 1769 and the influx of miners during the 1849 Gold Rush.
Class 2 fremont and gold 2015
The document provides background information on the history of California. It discusses how California transitioned from Spanish rule to Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico gained independence from Spain. It also discusses John Sutter receiving a land grant in 1839 to establish New Helvetia along the Sacramento River under Mexican rule. The document then gives context about the Lewis and Clark Expedition from 1804-1806 and the establishment of Fort Ross by the Russians in 1805 in northern California.
френсис дрейк презентация
Francis Drake was an English seafarer and vice-admiral who was the first British person to circumnavigate the globe. He was born in Devonshire, England and became a ship's boy at age 12. Drake led many expeditions, including attacking Spanish ports along the Pacific coast of South America in 1577 on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I. He explored the coast as far north as modern-day Vancouver. Drake died of dysentery in 1596 while on an expedition in the West Indies.
V & V Presentation
1. The document discusses the history behind a novel about Vikings and voyageurs, referencing explorers like La Verendrye and key events like the signing of the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
2. It suggests the French may have had secret knowledge of medieval Norse expeditions to North America from an inscribed stone brought to Paris in the 1700s.
3. The document speculates that Scottish fur traders may have also known of pre-Columbian explorations through connections to the Knights Templar and Freemasonry.
Francis drake
Francis Drake was an English explorer and seafarer born in 1543 in Tavistock, Devonshire. He came from a modest family and had no formal education. Drake made several voyages representing England in the 1570s and led the first English expedition to circumnavigate the globe between 1577-1580. He attacked Spanish ships and ports, and successfully raided the Spanish port of Cadiz in 1587. Drake died of dysentery in 1596 while on a raiding voyage with John Hawkins off the coast of Panama.
European exploration 10 11
1. European explorers like Columbus and Cortes explored the Americas in the late 1400s-1500s seeking gold, glory, and to spread Christianity.
2. Columbus established the first permanent colony in the Americas but failed to find a direct trade route to Asia.
3. Subsequent Spanish explorers like Coronado searched the interior of North America, including Texas, for rumored cities of gold but found no riches.
4. French explorers like La Salle later explored Texas in the late 1600s, claiming the region for France in hopes of establishing profitable colonies.
The pearl
The document summarizes the legend of Mechudo, a pearl diver from La Paz, Mexico. According to the legend, Mechudo discovered a giant pearl but refused to give it to the church as was customary. When he dove again to retrieve it, he and multiple other divers who tried to rescue him all perished. Since then, the region has been considered cursed, and many accidents have been attributed to the ghost of Mechudo reaching out from the waters. The document also provides historical context on pearl diving in the region and retells some modern events that locals have associated with the Mechudo legend.
Panama Canal Course Day 1 final
The document discusses the history of the Panama Canal, beginning with the Spanish colonization of Panama in the early 1500s. It describes how the Spanish built a road called El Camino Real across the isthmus to transport gold and silver from South America to ships headed for Spain. Over time, the Spanish developed a system using the Chagres River to transport goods between the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The California Gold Rush in 1848 increased traffic across Panama as prospectors sought a quicker route to California. This led to the development of steamship lines to facilitate transportation across the isthmus.
Ch. 3 the move north
1) Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca was part of a Spanish expedition led by Panfilo de Narvaez in 1527 to explore Florida and set up trade. Most of the expedition was lost due to battles with Native Americans and hurricanes. De Vaca and a few others survived by wandering through what is now Texas for 8 years, living with different Native American groups.
2) In 1540, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led a large Spanish expedition north based on stories of cities of gold. He explored parts of modern Arizona, New Mexico, and Kansas but found nothing of value. Around the same time, Hernando de Soto explored parts of what is now the southeastern US.
Historical Background To The Cay (New)
The document provides historical background about the island of Curacao, where the novel "The Cay" takes place. It describes Curacao as one of over 7,000 islands in the southern Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela. Originally inhabited by the Arawak Amerindians, the island was later occupied by the Spanish and Dutch colonists. The Dutch established the capital city of Willemstad on the island in the 17th century, and Curacao became an important center for trade, commerce, and the slave trade during this time period. In the 20th century, oil was discovered near the island, and an oil refinery was built there. During World War II, the refinery took on strategic importance by producing aviation
Tx history-ch-5.3
1) Cabeza de Vaca returns to Mexico and reports stories of large cities and gold in the northern lands.
2) Fray Marcos de Niza leads an expedition with Estevanico as a guide. Estevanico is killed by native people but Fray Marcos claims to see a golden city in the distance.
3) Coronado leads a large expedition as governor but finds no gold, only adobe buildings at Cibola. He travels further and also finds no gold cities, marking the expeditions as failures.
Natalia-Sir Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake was born in 1540 in a cottage and died in 1596. He began his naval career in 1549 as an apprentice on ships sailing the English Channel. In 1567, Drake commanded the Judith on his second expedition. From 1570 to 1573, he raided Spanish ships along the coast of South and Central America, making himself infamous. In 1577, Drake set out on his famous circumnavigation of the globe aboard the Golden Hind, becoming the first Englishman to sail around the world. Upon returning to England in 1580, Drake brought back a rich cargo that included spices, precious metals, jewels, silks, porcelain, and maps, delivering a great economic and patriotic
Francis Drake: circumnavigation
Text is NOT mine. I borrowed from History.com, added a couple of details and images found in different sites thanks to Google.
Similar to TX History Ch 5.2 (20)
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TX History Ch 23.3
The oil boom of the late 19th/early 20th century led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to new oil fields. This dramatically increased the populations of places like Beaumont and Sour Lake. The automobile industry grew successful using gasoline from oil in internal combustion engines. Petrochemical industries also emerged producing rubber, plastics, and carbon black from oil. Texas passed laws regulating the oil industry and collecting taxes on oil to support education. The permanent university fund was established using land designated for education, supported by oil royalties and philanthropy which continues to benefit the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems.
TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
TX History Ch 22.1
The document discusses the growth of railroads in Texas in the late 19th century. Railroads helped accelerate Texas' economic development by providing a more reliable and cheaper way to ship goods compared to rivers and roads. To encourage railroad expansion, the state enacted land grant laws that gave railroad companies land to sell in order to finance new track construction. This led to over 30 million acres of public land and 6,000 miles of new track being laid between 1876-1889, connecting more cities and regions across Texas.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
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Psaroudakis, a name that resonates with football fans around the globe, is a testament to the powerful synergy between familial support and individual passion. Born on March 10, 1992, in the historic city of Heraklion, Crete, Psaroudakis’ journey to international football stardom is a compelling narrative of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering family support. His story not only highlights his athletic prowess but also underscores the crucial role his family played in shaping his career and character.
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The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
MESH IPL 2024 REport_Wavemaker India.pdf
According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
Hesan Soufi's Legacy: Inspiring the Next Generation
Hesan Soufi's impact on the game extends far beyond his on-field exploits. With his humility, sportsmanship, and unwavering commitment to excellence, Soufi has become a role model for aspiring footballers worldwide. His legacy lies not only in his achievements but also in the inspiration he provides to the next generation of talented players.
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Gabriel Kalembo A Rising Star in the World of Football Coaching
Gabriel Kalembo is a player's coach who connects with his teams on a deep level. With a strong background in sports science and a passion for the game, Kalembo has developed a unique coaching philosophy that emphasizes player development and tactical flexibility. His ability to connect with players and create a positive team culture has led to success at every level he has coached.
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The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 is set to be an exciting event, co-hosted by the West Indies and the USA from June 1 to June 29, 2024. This edition of the tournament will feature a record 20 teams divided into four groups, competing across 55 matches for the prestigious title.
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Euro Cup Germany fans worldwide can book Euro 2024 Tickets from our online platform www.eticketing.co.Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
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Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdf
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