The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.

1. U.S. History Chapter 19: The Civil War Section 1: The War Begins

3. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Seven states had seceded prior to Lincoln’s inauguration

4. “ In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine , is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you . You can have no conflict, without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have ht most solemn on to ‘preserve, protect and defend’ it.” — Abraham Lincoln First Inaugural Address

5. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Ft. Sumter —on of the most important federal outposts in the South

6. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Ft. Sumter controlled entrance to Charleston Harbor

7. Lincoln Faces a Crisis March 1861: fort running low on supplies Lincoln orders resupply of fort South Carolina orders surrender

8. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Robert Anderson : Union commander who refused to leave Fort Sumter Robert Anderson

9. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Pierre Beauregard: Confederate commander at Fort Sumter Pierre Beauregard

10. Lincoln Faces a Crisis April 12, 1861: Confederates open fire on Ft. Sumter

12. Lincoln Faces a Crisis Anderson surrenders after 34 hour bombardment

13. Choosing Sides North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, & Arkansas secede

14. Choosing Sides Border States —four slave states of strategic importance to both the North & South Supported the Union

15. The Volunteer Spirit Union army had only 16,000 troops Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers Families divided

16. The Volunteer Spirit Mary Todd Lincoln: had four brothers fight for the Confederacy Mary Todd Lincoln

17. The Volunteer Spirit Elizabeth Blackwell : first woman to receive a license to practice medicine Elizabeth Blackwell

18. The North vs. the South Union advantages Larger population More factories & shipyards Railways Better able to raise money

19. The North vs. the South Confederate advantages: Military tradition Defensive war

20. The North vs. the South Union strategy: Naval blockade Control Mississippi

22. Winfield Scott

23. The North vs. the South Southern strategy Defend territory and “wear down” Union Attack Washington, D.C. Cotton diplomacy

24. The North vs. the South Cotton diplomacy —used by the south to try and gain foreign support

25. Strategies Disadvantages Advantages Slave states that joined South North