TX History Ch 9.3
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Early Texas had an economy dominated by farming and ranching during the 1820s and 1830s. Large plantations specialized in growing cotton and other crops with slave labor. Ranching also grew as a key economic activity, with Tejanos and later settlers raising cattle on the prairies and in river valleys. Trade and business developed, with merchants and other businessmen operating under a largely free enterprise system with minimal government control. However, poor transportation infrastructure, especially roads, posed challenges for economic growth.
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TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
Tx history-ch-11.5
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
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TX History Ch 9.2
Life on the early Texas frontier was self-sufficient as settlers had to rely on local materials and skills to survive. They lived in homes made from materials available locally like log cabins, jacales, or dogtrot cabins. Settlers grew their own food like corn, which was used for meals, livestock feed, fuel, and other tools. Clothing was often made from deer hides or homespun cotton since ready-made clothing was expensive and difficult to import. Religion and education were also limited, with some private schools and activities like camp meetings replacing organized churches under Mexican rule.
TX History Ch 10.1
The Fredonian Rebellion of 1826 occurred when Haden Edwards' empresario contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches was cancelled by the Mexican government. In response, Haden's brother Benjamin Edwards declared part of East Texas to be an independent Republic called the Fredonian Republic. However, the rebellion was short-lived as Stephen F. Austin led a militia and Mexican army to confront the Fredonians, who then fled. The rebellion worried the Mexican government and prompted an investigation by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, who warned that growing American influence in Texas could threaten Mexican control of the region.
TX History Ch 9.1
During the 1820s-1830s, the population of Texas surged as settlers arrived from Europe, Mexico, and the United States. Most early settlers were farmers from the US, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms. Many US settlers were escaping debts or legal troubles. By 1834, the population was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the US of mostly English, Irish, or Scottish descent. Settlers traveled to Texas by wagon train, horseback, walking, water, or flatboat, and usually settled along rivers due to fertile soil and mild climate.
TX History Ch 11.4
The document summarizes the Convention of 1836 in which Texas declared its independence from Mexico. 59 delegates met in March in a small, unfurnished building in muddy conditions. They voted to declare independence and drafted the Texas Declaration of Independence, listing Texans' complaints against Mexico. They also drafted the Constitution of 1836, modeling it after the U.S. Constitution and establishing the branches of government and a bill of rights. David G. Burnet was named the first president of independent Texas.
TX History Ch 10.4
Mexico tightened control over Texas by sending more troops and customs collectors. This upset Texans, who were already unhappy with previous increases in troops. Tensions further increased when taxes began being collected again at Anahuac, and a Texan named Andrew Briscoe was arrested there. William Travis then led an attack on Anahuac, disturbing some Texans. The Mexican general Martin Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis' arrest and more troop increases in Texas. In response, William Wharton called for a convention to discuss the issues, and Texans debated whether to respond with war or peace. Stephen Austin, who had previously urged patience with Mexico, now believed war was inevitable due to Santa Anna's crackdowns.
TX History Ch 8.4
The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of empresarios like Austin.
TX History Ch 9.4
The document summarizes the government and society of Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It adopted a constitution that gave limited powers to the central government and broad authority to states, similar to the US Constitution. However, state lawmakers rather than citizens elected the president, and there was no separation of church and state. The constitution united Texas and Coahuila as a single state, but most Texans disliked this due to lack of local control and the distant capital. Tensions increased over slavery as US settlers brought slaves despite Mexican laws restricting and then banning the practice.
Tx history-ch-11.5
The document summarizes key events during the Texas Revolution that led to Texas independence. It describes how Sam Houston took command of the Texas army after the fall of the Alamo weakened morale. Houston ordered retreat to avoid confronting Santa Anna's larger force. Many Texans fled east in the "Runaway Scrape". At Goliad, over 400 Texan soldiers were executed after surrendering. Houston continued training his growing army. On April 21, Houston launched a surprise attack at San Jacinto, defeating Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes and capturing Santa Anna, securing Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing people to own large tracts of land in exchange for small fees. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 10.3
Texans held two conventions in 1832 and 1833 to discuss grievances and reforms regarding Mexican policies. The Convention of 1832 sought to allow more U.S. immigration, separate Texas from Coahuila, end customs duties, and establish land for public schools. It sent resolutions to Mexico City but saw no results. The Convention of 1833 drafted a proposed state constitution for Texas and sent Stephen F. Austin to negotiate, but he was arrested in Mexico in 1833 and imprisoned for a year.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
Assessment of N flows in Livestock Farming Systems: Main issues and proposed ...
http://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/en/
N flows accounting is one of the main methodological issues in the field of environmental assessments of agriculture products. Key challenges and possible solutions to properly account for N flows are illustrated in this presentation.
This presentation does not necessarily represent FAO’s views, positions, strategies or opinions.
© INRA
Childrenofthe cottonindustry2
The document is a collection of photographs and captions from Lewis Hine documenting child labor in the United States between 1908 and 1916. It includes images of very young children, some as young as 4 years old, working long hours in cotton fields, textile mills, canneries and other industrial settings. The captions describe poor working conditions, low wages, and children working through the night and on weekends to support their families.
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TX History Ch 8.2
Stephen F. Austin went to Texas after his father Moses Austin's death to carry out plans to settle Texas. He received permission from Mexican authorities to establish an American colony in Texas. Austin offered attractive land grants and terms to attract settlers, allowing people to own large tracts of land in exchange for small fees. He established strict guidelines requiring settlers to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism. The first group of settlers arrived in Texas in 1821 on Austin's ship the Lively, bringing supplies to establish the colony.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 16.2
The document summarizes the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. Key terms of the treaty included Mexico's recognition of Texas annexation and ceding of territory that became parts of western United States. Mexico was paid $15 million and its citizens in the ceded territory received U.S. citizenship. Disputes later arose over the boundaries of Texas that were resolved in the Compromise of 1850.
TX History Ch 8.3
Stephen F. Austin established the first colony in Texas and helped settle hundreds of families there despite facing many challenges. Early problems included drought that ruined crops, forcing settlers to hunt wild game, and attacks from Native Americans. Austin set up defenses by establishing militias and a headquarters. By 1824, his colony contained 297 families known as the "Old Three Hundred," mostly farmers from the southern U.S., including slaveholders. The colony grew to over 1,790 people with more than 400 slaves by 1825.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 10.3
Texans held two conventions in 1832 and 1833 to discuss grievances and reforms regarding Mexican policies. The Convention of 1832 sought to allow more U.S. immigration, separate Texas from Coahuila, end customs duties, and establish land for public schools. It sent resolutions to Mexico City but saw no results. The Convention of 1833 drafted a proposed state constitution for Texas and sent Stephen F. Austin to negotiate, but he was arrested in Mexico in 1833 and imprisoned for a year.
TX History Ch 16.3
The document summarizes conflicts between settlers moving westward into American Indian lands, and the various policies and groups that attempted to deal with these conflicts. It describes how the Texas Rangers were effective in battles against tribes like the Comanche and Kiowa. It also discusses the establishment of frontier forts by the US government to protect settlers, but these forts were often too far apart and had too few troops to be effective. Finally, it outlines the reservation policy and removal of some Texas Indian tribes to Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
TX History Ch 10.2
Tensions grew between Mexican troops and Texas settlers in the 1830s. In 1831, Colonel Juan Bradburn arrested several settlers in Anahuac, including William Travis, angering Texans. Settlers demanded the prisoners' release, but Bradburn refused. John Austin organized settlers and marched on Anahuac with a cannon, though they withdrew when Bradburn agreed to release prisoners. This led to the Turtle Bayou Resolutions where settlers declared they were not in rebellion against Mexico but defending their rights. Conflict continued until Colonel Piedras removed Bradburn from his post and released the prisoners.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 12.1
The Treaties of Velasco established terms for the end of the war between Texas and Mexico in 1836. The public treaty stated that the war was over and Texas was independent, while Mexican forces would withdraw. The secret treaty provided for Santa Anna's release and his agreement to persuade Mexico to recognize Texas in exchange for his freedom. However, many Texans distrusted Santa Anna and wanted him imprisoned or executed. When he was released, Mexico refused to recognize the treaties, considering Texas still in rebellion.
TX History Ch 16.1
Tensions rose between the United States and Mexico in the 1840s following the annexation of Texas by the US. The US claimed the border of Texas was the Rio Grande river, while Mexico claimed it was the Nueces river further north. In 1846, Mexican forces attacked US troops along the Rio Grande, which President Polk used to convince Congress to declare war, seeking to expand US territory. Under the leadership of generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, US forces defeated Mexican armies and captured key cities like Mexico City. The Mexican War ended in 1848 with the US gaining control of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
TX History Ch 14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted recognition from Mexico the most to help with issues like immigration, trade, and loans. While the US initially had doubts about Texas due to its small population and debt, it was the first to recognize Texas in 1837. Texas then sent diplomats to Europe and gained recognition from France, Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands later that year, though Mexico still refused to recognize Texas' independence.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 11.2
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting called by William H. Wharton to discuss Texas' future within Mexico. At the meeting, Branch T. Archer was elected president. Delegates debated between declaring immediate independence from Mexico or remaining loyal in hopes Mexico would restore the Constitution of 1824. The Consultation ultimately created a provisional government and pledged loyalty to Mexico while warning of independence if reforms did not occur. Sam Houston was named commander-in-chief of the Texas army.
TX History Ch 12.2
Sam Houston was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in 1835. His goals were to maintain peace with American Indian tribes, keep Mexico at bay, and seek annexation by the United States. He reduced the size of the unrestful Texas army and relied on the Texas Rangers for frontier defense. Houston also negotiated treaties with American Indian tribes to maintain peace and assigned land to tribes, but many Texans still viewed the tribes as obstacles.
TX History Ch 15.3
This document summarizes political parties and early governors in Texas after it joined the United States. It discusses that Texas did not have political parties when it was the Republic of Texas, but joined the Democratic and Whig parties after annexation. It then briefly outlines six early governors of Texas between 1846 to 1859, including their terms and key issues or accomplishments. Finally, it discusses debts and land issues, noting Texas took on a large debt at annexation and gave up land to reduce it while also using land to attract settlers.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 12.4
Sam Houston was elected president of the Republic of Texas in 1841 for his second term. He aimed to balance the budget by cutting government jobs and spending, but was unable to do so as debt rose to $12 million by 1845. Houston pursued peaceful relations with Indian tribes, establishing frontier trading posts and signing treaties, including with the Comanche in 1844. However, tensions with the Comanche later resurfaced. Houston also had to send troops in 1844 to end the Regulator-Moderator War, a violent feud between two settler groups in East Texas over land certificates that local officials could not stop.
TX History Ch 8.1
Moses Austin had a plan to establish a colony of American families in Texas after going bankrupt in 1819. In December 1820, he traveled to San Antonio to get approval from Governor Martinez. Although initially suspicious, Governor Martinez was convinced by Baron de Bastrop to allow Austin to make his case. In 1821, Austin received approval to settle 300 Catholic families from Louisiana, but then fell ill, asking his son Stephen to carry out the plan.
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http://www.fao.org/partnerships/leap/en/
N flows accounting is one of the main methodological issues in the field of environmental assessments of agriculture products. Key challenges and possible solutions to properly account for N flows are illustrated in this presentation.
This presentation does not necessarily represent FAO’s views, positions, strategies or opinions.
© INRA
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TX History Ch 5.1
Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 hoping to find a western route to Asia but instead landed in the Caribbean, establishing the first European presence in the Americas. Spanish conquistadors then sought to expand Spain's control and wealth by conquering native populations, with Hernan Cortes conquering the powerful Aztec Empire after forming alliances with neighboring tribes and defeating the Aztecs in 1521. The Spanish conquest had major impacts through the spread of Christianity, introduction of new technologies and livestock, and the establishment of Mexico City.
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The document summarizes westward expansion in the late 19th century United States. The Homestead Act of 1862 gave settlers 160 acres of land if they developed it for 5 years, encouraging migration west. Railroads transported thousands of families, many European immigrants, seeking new opportunities in farming. Groups like African Americans fleeing the post-Civil War South, called "Exodusters", also migrated west. While life on the frontier was difficult due to weather and lack of resources, it provided new prospects for women's suffrage and independence. Rapid settlement led to clashes with Native Americans over hunting lands and the destruction of the buffalo, reducing Indian holdings to small reservations by 1890.
TX History Ch 11.1
The document summarizes key events in the Texas Revolution that led to the capture of San Antonio in 1835. Tensions rose between Texans and the Mexican government as Santa Anna became president and abolished the 1824 constitution. At Gonzales, Texans refused to hand over a cannon to Mexican officials, raising their flag with the words "Come and Take It". They later defeated Mexican forces at Goliad. The Texans then marched on San Antonio led by Stephen F. Austin and laid siege to the city, but were forced to withdraw after being attacked. They later captured San Antonio on December 9th after Benjamin Milam led 300 rebels in an assault on the city.
TX History Ch 11.3
The Mexican army under Santa Anna advanced on San Antonio with 6,000 troops in February 1836. There were only around 100 Texan troops defending the Alamo under Colonel James Neill. Jim Bowie arrived and convinced them not to abandon the fort, saying "we will rather die in these ditches than give them up." William Travis gathered 30 volunteers and took command as Neill left sick. Davy Crockett also arrived with Tennessee volunteers. Over two weeks, the Texans prepared defenses but were vastly outnumbered against Santa Anna's force of over 1,800. On March 6th, Mexican forces launched an all-out assault and overwhelmed the Texan defenders, killing nearly all of them after intense fighting,
TX History Ch 15.3
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas Constitution of 1845 that was drafted at the Convention of 1845 to establish Texas as a state. The constitution established the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and set terms for elected offices. It only allowed white men over 21 to vote and hold office, protected slavery, and included some property protections for married women. The first state election was held in December 1845.
Westward Expansion
This document provides an overview of lessons from a 2014-2015 curriculum at Bryson Elementary School about westward expansion. Lesson 1 discusses how the natural environment affected travel to the West. Lesson 2 examines how railroads influenced western development. Lesson 3 explores the lives of different groups that lived in the West, including homesteaders on the Great Plains who faced challenges in harsh conditions. Lesson 4 considers how westward expansion impacted Native Americans.
TX History Ch 22.1
The document discusses the growth of railroads in Texas in the late 19th century. Railroads helped accelerate Texas' economic development by providing a more reliable and cheaper way to ship goods compared to rivers and roads. To encourage railroad expansion, the state enacted land grant laws that gave railroad companies land to sell in order to finance new track construction. This led to over 30 million acres of public land and 6,000 miles of new track being laid between 1876-1889, connecting more cities and regions across Texas.
US History Ch 13.4
Technological advances in the early to mid-1800s revolutionized communication and transportation. Samuel Morse combined existing technologies to invent the telegraph, allowing messages to be sent quickly over wires. The first transcontinental telegraph line was completed in 1861. In farming, John Deere invented the steel-bladed plow and Cyrus McCormick designed an efficient mechanical reaper. In the home, Elias Howe invented the sewing machine, later improved by Isaac Singer, making clothing production more efficient.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
Westward Expansion and Sectionalism
Westward expansion between 1803-1853 led to the acquisition of new territories across North America through treaties, purchases, and war. This included the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Florida in 1819, Texas in 1845, Oregon Country in 1846, Mexican Cession in 1848, and Gadsden Purchase in 1853. The expansion heightened regional tensions between the North, South, and West over the issues of slavery, states' rights, and the power of the federal government.
Westward expansion
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
Social studiesstaar review_comprehensive
The document provides an overview of key eras in American history from exploration through the early republic. It includes timelines and descriptions of events such as European exploration of North America in search of gold, glory, and spreading religion; the 13 original colonies and reasons for their establishment; conflicts like the French and Indian War; and documents like the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation. The information is presented through timelines, maps, and explanations of political, economic and social factors during different periods of early American history.
TX History Ch 23.3
The oil boom of the late 19th/early 20th century led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to new oil fields. This dramatically increased the populations of places like Beaumont and Sour Lake. The automobile industry grew successful using gasoline from oil in internal combustion engines. Petrochemical industries also emerged producing rubber, plastics, and carbon black from oil. Texas passed laws regulating the oil industry and collecting taxes on oil to support education. The permanent university fund was established using land designated for education, supported by oil royalties and philanthropy which continues to benefit the University of Texas and Texas A&M systems.
Chapter 18: Americans Move West
The document provides an overview of how mining, ranching, and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. It describes how the discovery of minerals like gold and silver led to mining booms and the growth of boomtowns. Meanwhile, the cattle industry expanded across the Great Plains, relying on cowboys to drive cattle to markets. To facilitate transportation, the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western United States by rail. Western expansion put pressure on Plains Indian tribes, leading to conflicts as settlers encroached on their lands.
Westward Expansion
In this powerpoint it will give a general overview about Westward Expansion and the belief that America was destined to expan from coast to coast.
Cotton Mv
This document discusses the cotton production process from planting to end products. Cotton is grown in 17 states in the southern and western United States, with Texas producing nearly 5 million bales of cotton annually. Cotton provides numerous products beyond fabric including cottonseed oil, livestock feed, fertilizer, and explosives. The cotton plant yields cotton lint, cottonseed, and hulls that are used to make textiles, cooking oil, rubber, plastics, soap, and other goods.
Western expansion
The United States expanded significantly through various territorial acquisitions including the Louisiana Purchase, annexation of Texas and Oregon, and the Mexican Cession of California. Westward migration was driven by factors like availability of cheap fertile land, economic opportunities, and the belief in Manifest Destiny. Inventions like the cotton gin, reaper, steamboat and locomotive transformed life by increasing agricultural production and enabling faster transportation of goods and people.
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TX History Ch 23.2
The document summarizes the growth of the oil industry in Texas in the early 1900s. Wildcatters, or independent explorers, searched for new oil fields through risky drilling ventures. Many went bankrupt but key discoveries were made, including the large East Texas oil field in the 1930s. As the industry grew, companies integrated vertically by controlling each step of production, and horizontally by acquiring other businesses in the oil sector. Natural gas was also discovered but initially had little value since transport and distribution infrastructure did not yet exist.
TX History Ch 23.1
The document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It details early attempts at drilling for oil in the 1860s and successful strikes in the 1880s and 1890s. On January 10, 1901, a major strike occurred at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, where the Lucas Gusher erupted and shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day for 9 days, launching the modern oil industry. However, increased production from Spindletop caused oil prices to plummet, leading to an economic boom and bust around the new oil fields.
US History Ch 19.4
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.3
The document discusses life during the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states and encouraged slaves to escape to Union lines. Over 180,000 African Americans served in the Union army, though they received less pay and served under white officers. Both the North and South struggled with problems during the war such as shortages, inflation, and medical issues.
US History Ch 19.2
The document summarizes key battles and events in the Eastern theater of the American Civil War between 1861-1862. It describes the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, where Confederate troops halted the Union advance. In November 1861, George McClellan took command of the Union army. The document then outlines several battles in Virginia in 1862, including the Seven Days Battle where Robert E. Lee forced McClellan to retreat from Richmond. It also discusses the bloody Battle of Antietam in Maryland in September 1862, which halted the Confederate invasion of the North. Finally, it briefly summarizes the naval war, including the famous duel between the C.S.S. Virginia and U.S.S. Monitor at Hampton Roads in
US History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes key events at the beginning of the American Civil War. It describes Lincoln facing crisis as southern states seceded. When the Confederate army bombarded Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours, it marked the start of the Civil War. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to join the Union army, further dividing families as brothers fought on opposing sides. The summaries compares the advantages and strategies of the North and South as the war began.
TX History Ch 21.4
The document discusses the closing of the open range in the American West. It describes how barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden in the 1870s, made large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy, allowing farmers and ranchers to fence off their land. This led to the disappearance of the open range cattle kingdom as lands became enclosed by fences. It also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and large cattle outfits over issues like blocked roads and fenced water sources. By the 1880s, many states had passed laws against fence cutting and regulating fencing rights in an attempt to resolve range disputes. Overgrazing, expanded farming and ranching, railroads, and other factors also contributed to the end of
TX History Ch 21.3
The document discusses the history of ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes important ranches like the King Ranch, located in Kennedy County, which at its largest encompassed over 1 million acres. It also discusses pioneers of ranching in the Panhandle such as John Adair and Charles Goodnight who established the huge JA Ranch. The document also notes the role of African American trail drivers like Bose Ikard and how the cowboy lifestyle was popularized through dime novels.
TX History Ch 21.1
Early cattle ranching in Texas began with Spanish settlers in the 1500s who established ranches in Mexico and moved cattle northward into the Rio Grande and San Antonio River Valleys. Spanish ranchers used brands to identify cattle ownership and drove cattle to market in New Orleans and to supply Spanish outposts, facing problems of rustling, low demand, and limited access to markets. Texas longhorns thrived on native grasses, weathered hot and cold temperatures, could eat prickly pear, and were resistant to Texas Fever, with their large horns providing protection.
TX History Ch 20.3
The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.
TX History Ch 20.2
The document summarizes events surrounding the Salt Creek Raid in 1871, in which Kiowa and Comanche tribes attacked a wagon train near Salt Creek, killing 7 men. In response, General Sherman had three tribal leaders arrested. Though one was killed resisting arrest, the others were convicted of murder but later had their death sentences commuted to life in prison by the governor. The Salt Creek Raid convinced the war department that Indians needed to be forced onto reservations, leading to increased raids by Colonel Mackenzie on the Comanche and other tribes to force their surrender and movement to reservations.
TX History Ch 20.4
The document discusses the end of the Indian Wars in Texas in the late 1800s. It describes the Apache leader Victorio who raided across the Rio Grande after being forced to move to a reservation in New Mexico. The U.S. Army chased Victorio for two years with regiments including African American "Buffalo Soldier" troops. Victorio's raids stopped when he died in 1880 after Mexican troops became involved in the conflict. It also discusses the difficulties Indians faced on reservations, including being forced to farm with little experience or adequate land and having religious practices banned.
TX History Ch 20.1
During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.1
The document summarizes Presidential Reconstruction after the Civil War in Texas. It describes how the Freedmen's Bureau was established to help former slaves, but it was ineffective in Texas with few agents. President Johnson laid out a plan for readmitting Confederate states, but it allowed former secessionists to regain power and not protect the rights of African Americans. As a result, the Texas legislature passed Black Codes that restricted freedoms.
TX History Ch 19.4
The document summarizes events in Texas after Reconstruction. It discusses how the 1876 Texas Constitution reduced gubernatorial power and funding for education while greatly expanding the document. It also discusses how Democrats reversed Republican policies and established nearly 100 years of Democratic rule. This led to increased segregation, limiting of African American civil rights and political power through Jim Crow laws. Agriculture remained important and many became tenant farmers or sharecroppers, lacking land and supplies.
TX History Ch 19.2
Congressional Reconstruction began after the election of 1866 gave Republican majorities in Congress. Congress passed Reconstruction Acts that divided the South into military districts and required the former Confederate states to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights and suffrage, and ratify the 14th Amendment. This marked the beginning of Congressional Reconstruction, where the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult under military control. In Texas, Congressional Reconstruction led to the development of the Republican Party, dominated by Unionists, African Americans, and Mexican Americans.
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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留信网认证的作用:
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
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TX History Ch 9.3
- 1. Chapter 9: Life in Early Texas Section 3: Trade and Transportation
- 2. Farming & Ranching • Farming dominated the Texas economy during the 1820s and 1830s • Families worked to prepare the fields, harvest crops, and perform household tasks
- 3. Farming & Ranching •Plantations—large farms that usually specialized in growing one kind of crop
- 4. Farming & Ranching • Often resembled small communities • Sometimes covered thousands of acres Slaves working on • Slave labor a plantation
- 5. Farming & Ranching • Cotton was the main crops grown for profit in the lower Brazos and Colorado River Valleys
- 6. Farming & Ranching • Mild climate, prairies, river valleys provided good pastures for cattle and livestock. • Before US settlers arrived, many Tejanos had become successful ranchers.
- 7. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Craftspeople, merchants, blacksmiths, carpenters, shopkeepers operated in Texas • Such businessmen engaged in free enterprise economics
- 8. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Free Enterprise—economic system in which businesses operate with minimal government control • Businessmen in Texas were for a free enterprise system.
- 9. Business, Trade, & Transportation •William Goyen— Texas diplomat who negotiated with the Cherokee
- 10. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Money was limited • Barter—the trade of one good or service for another
- 11. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Exports— items that a country sells to other nations
- 12. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Texas exports: cattle, corn, cotton, cowhides, furs, hoses, pork, salt • Imports—goods bought from another country • Little manufacturing
- 13. Business, Trade, & Transportation • Poor roads obstacle to economic growth • Transportation by river in Texas was not much better than by road • Ports along the Gulf Coast did not solve internal transportation problems