The document summarizes key battles between Plains Indians and the US Army in the Red River War of 1874. It describes the Battle of Adobe Walls in June 1874, where 700 Indians attacked a trading post but were defeated by 30 whites. It also discusses the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon in September 1874, where Colonel Ranald Mackenzie launched a surprise attack against Comanche villages, killing three Comanche and destroying their supplies, villages, and 1400 horses. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a decisive victory that forced the Plains Indians to accept life on reservations.

1. Chapter 20: The Indian Wars Section 3: The Red River War

2. The Battle of Adobe Walls Spring 1874: Situation desperate for Plains Indians Isatai calls for war to drive out buffalo hunters June 1874: Plains Indians leaders, including Quanah Parker & Lone Wolf meet Quanah Parker

3. The Battle of Adobe Walls Target trading post at Adobe Walls Battle of Adobe Walls —where 700 Indians attacked a trading post and were defeated by fewer than 30 whites with buffalo guns

4. The caption on this illustration reads: "Glistening with war paint and decked in his battle raiment, every Indian believed that he galloped to certain victory." “ The Battle of Adobe Walls," Pearson's Magazine , January 1908.

5. The Battle of Adobe Walls Four defenders died 12 to 30 Indians died Plains Indians launch attacks in CO, KS, NM, OK, & TX

6. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Gen. William T. Sherman ordered to attack raiding Indians “wherever found…the Reservation lines should be no barrier.” Gens. Sherman & Sheridan organize campaign to remove Indians General William T. Sherman

7. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon August 1874: army begins offensive known as “Red River War” 3000 troops divided into 5 groups headed toward Indian villages along upper Red River

8. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Texas Rangers participated Col. Nelson Miles led force of 750 soldiers against 600 Cheyenne who escaped in late August

9. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Maj. William Price defeated a band of Indians near Sweetwater Creek Col. John Davidson & LTC George Buell’s forces destroyed many Indian villages and forced many Indians onto reservations

10. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie learned that Comanche, Kiowa, & Cheyenne are camping in Palo Duro Canyon Palo Duro Canyon

11. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Sept. 28, 1874: Mackenzie & 500 troops enter canyon Launch surprise attack against villages Killed three Comanche Ranald Mackenzie

12. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Mackenzie defeated the Comanche at Palo Duro Canyon by destroying their villages, horses & supplies Flee out on the Plains

13. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Leave behind supplies, including 1400 horses Mackenzie ordered horses shot Ordered men to burn villages

14. The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon Battle of Palo Duro Canyon —battle which finally defeated the Texas Plains Indians by wiping out their horses, villages, & supplies Indians left with no choice but to accept reservation life