The document discusses various methods for crystal growth, including growth from melt, solution, and vapor phase. It describes the Czochralski method, Bridgman process, zone melting, and floating zone techniques for melt growth. Convection effects are discussed, and models like Burton-Prim-Slichter are presented to understand solute transport and segregation during crystal growth. Microscopic inhomogeneity caused by unsteady conditions is also mentioned.
Growth Techniques of Ferroelectric Single CrystalsAI Publications
Various growth techniques to grow ferroelectric single crystals are discussed in this paper. Some prominent methods used are mainly discussed. Some of them are Growth from the Melt which includes Bridgmann method and Czochralski method. Some of the other methods prominently used in present scenario that are discussed in this paper are Solid-state crystal growth (SSCG), Vapor-phase growth, Solid State Single Crystal Growth (SSCG), Solid-state crystal growth (SSCG), and Abnormal Grain Growth (AGG).
Growth Techniques of Ferroelectric Single CrystalsAI Publications
Various growth techniques to grow ferroelectric single crystals are discussed in this paper. Some prominent methods used are mainly discussed. Some of them are Growth from the Melt which includes Bridgmann method and Czochralski method. Some of the other methods prominently used in present scenario that are discussed in this paper are Solid-state crystal growth (SSCG), Vapor-phase growth, Solid State Single Crystal Growth (SSCG), Solid-state crystal growth (SSCG), and Abnormal Grain Growth (AGG).
Adhesion is linked with surface forces like capillary pressure and is thus detrimental at the
nanoscale where body forces are negligible. It can lead to instant failure during fabrication and
operation but it can also lead to overtime failure because of induced friction and wear. However,
when it is possible, coating a device with hydrophobic materials reduces drastically that mechanism.
Understanding how adhesion works is crucial to design new systems and to enable new
technologies. Two models (JKR and DMT) are studied in this paper and model adhesion in different
cases. Photolithography and particularly the release step must be carefully designed to prevent
contamination and stiction. Materials must be chosen and designed wisely to prevent adhesion
failure during operation but lubricants can be used to reduce its impact as well as the impact of
friction and wear.
TALAT Lecture 1205: Introduction to Mechanical Properties, Casting, Forming, ...CORE-Materials
This lecture provides background, basic information on mechanical properties and testing, solidification and casting, joining and corrosion of aluminium and its alloys. Basic knowledge of physics and chemistry and some familiarity with lectures 1201 and 1203 is assumed.
The process of transformation of a substance from liquid to solid state in which the crystal lattice forms and crystals appear.
•Volume shrinkage or volume contraction
EXPERIMENT 8 PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 2024 ALUMINUM .docxSANSKAR20
EXPERIMENT 8
PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 2024 ALUMINUM
Objective
To study the time and temperature variations in the hardness of Al-4% Cu alloy on
isothermal aging.
Introduction
Materials can be hardened by inhibiting the motion of crystal defects called dislocations. In
pure metals, the presence of defects (such as vacancies, interstitials, dislocations and grain
boundaries) can enhance the strength. In single phase alloys, additional resistance to
deformation may arise from the presence of foreign atoms. In two-phase alloys, additional
stress is needed to enable the dislocation to intersect the second-phase particles. A finely
dispersed precipitate may, therefore, strengthen the material. This phenomenon is termed
precipitation hardening.
The thermodynamics of precipitation in 2024 Al can best be understood by referring to the
binary phase diagram of Aluminum-Copper in the aluminum-rich region in Figure 8-1.
When the aluminum-copper alloy of less than 5 wt% copper is heated to a temperature just
above the solvus line, only one phase (kappa, ) is thermodynamically stable. Other solid
phases dissolve (disappear). This process is called solution treatment. The only requirement
is that the specimen must be kept at this temperature for a long enough time. To solution
treat a sample of 2024 Al (4 wt% Cu), the sample should be heated to 930°F (500°C) and held
for 30 minutes.
When a solution treated sample is rapidly cooled (quenched) to below the solvus line (Figure
8-1), two phases are thermodynamically stable (kappa and theta). These phases are two
different solids, physically distinct, and separated by a phase boundary. The process is
similar to precipitation of salt in supersaturated brine.
The process of precipitation is not instantaneous, as is often the case in liquid-solid
precipitation. The process involves the formation of embryos of theta through thermal
fluctuations and their subsequent growth, once they achieve stability. With time, more and
more precipitates form. This process is called aging. Once the solution achieves an
equilibrium composition given by the solvus line for the aging temperature, precipitation
stops. For example, the precipitation of the copper-rich theta phase depletes the kappa phase
of copper to approximately 1-1/2 wt% Cu at 715°F (380°C).
The distribution of precipitates affects the hardness and yield strength. The hardness and
yield strength are greater when the precipitates are small and finely dispersed in the kappa
matrix than when the precipitates are large and not finely scattered. Therefore, to gain
hardness in 2024 Al, the specimen should be heat treated to produce a fine dispersion of
small precipitates.
Unfortunately, there is a tendency when thermodynamic equilibrium is reached for large
precipitates to grow and small precipitates to shrink. This will lower the surface to volume
ratio of the precip ...
Zone melting is a key technique for single crystal growth fabrication. Zone melting is a group of techniques used to purify an element or compound and control its composition. This presentation will discuss the basics of the zone melting technique and with help of 2-3 research papers, the examples of zone melting would be explained. Single crystal growth is a quite useful technique used in various applications in the field of metallurgy as well as nanomaterials synthesis. The technique is used for the removal of unwanted impurities from the material, control the discontinuities in impurity distribution, and also maintaining uniform doping of the impurity in the material.
Discussion about hydrothermal & gel growth method of crystalMostakimRahman1
1.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of hydrothermal growth method of crystal.
2.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of gel growth method of crystal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...
Tufts Rpic Crystal
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14. It’s a Boy!! Born May 8, 2001 at 10:35 p.m. Weight: 14 lbs, 9 oz Length: 15 inches Crystal growth furnace for SUBSA investigation, destined for Space Station Alpha in May 2002.
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19. Liquid Encapsulation Advantages: Properties of a good encapsulant - Prevents contact between the crystal and the melt - Reduced nucleation - Thermal stresses are reduced - Reduced evaporation - Melting temperature lower than the crystal - Low vapor pressure - Density lower than the density of the melt - No reaction with the melt or the crucible Best encapsulans: - B 2 O 3 - LiCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaCl Crucible Encapsulant Melt Crystal
32. Natural buoyancy forces moving boundary less difficult predict (at S/L interface) hard to predict, model and control Magnitude: Features: V ~ w L unsteady: Gr > 5,000 turbulent: Driving mech. Forced Convection L and T = f (time) ° f (time) Growth process: all CZ, FZ Comparison of Natural and Forced Convection
33. c) Impose forced convection - Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique - Coupled Vibrational Stirring - Rotating Baffle Control of Crystal Homogeneity a) Reduce natural convection: - Reduced gravity (µg) - Magnetic fields - Submerged baffle b) Enhance natural convection - centrifuges
34. No motion of phase boundary Beginning of motion Mass Transfer: Solid-Liquid Interface
41. • Cochran's ∞ rotating disc: J.Appl.Phy. 27(1956)686 • Levich (Sparrow and Gregg) Model of Ostrogorsky and Müller and Data of Bridges k eff versus growth rate R and for Czochralski grown crystals.
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44. Micro-segregation (a) Bridgman and (b) Baffle Spreading Resistance in 6 cm diameter Ga-doped Ge-2%Si alloy Measurements conducted by M. Lichtensteiger at NASA-MSFC [9]
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