The trigeminal nerve arises from the pons and has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve is sensory to the eye and parts of the nose and forehead. The maxillary nerve is sensory to parts of the face and upper teeth. The mandibular nerve is mixed sensory and motor, innervating the lower face, teeth, and muscles of mastication. It exits through the foramen ovale. The document then describes the branches and distributions of each trigeminal nerve division.

1. THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE

2. • The trigeminal nerve
arises as a short, thick
sensory trunk and a
smaller motor
component from the
ventrolateral aspect of
the pons.

3. • Sensory to the
following structures:
1. the face,
2. the greater part of the
scalp,
3. the teeth,
4. the oral and nasal
cavities,
5. the dura mater

4. Motor to the following
structures:
1. the masticatory
muscles,
2. the anterior belly of
the digastric,
3. tensor tympani,
4. tensor veli palatini,
5. and the mylohyoid.

5. ROUTE OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE

6. • The nerve passes anteriorly
over the petrous temporal
ridge into a tunnel of dura
mater (trigeminal or
Meckel’s cave) within the
middle cranial fossa. Within
the cave, the nerve flattens
out as the large trigeminal
(semilunar) ganglion
• And this, in turn, gives rise
to three divisions:

7. V1 - Opthalmic N.
(Sensory)
V2 - Maxillary N.
( Sensory)
V3 -Mandibular N.
(Mixed)

8. THE OPHTHALMIC NERVE

9. • The superior and the smallest of the trigeminal
division, and is wholly sensory. It supplies the
following:
1. the eyeball,
2. the lacrimal gland and
conjunctiva,
3. part of the nasal mucosa,
4. the skin of the nose,
eyelids, forehead and
part of the scalp.

10. Passes thru the supraorbital fissure and divides
into three branches:
1. Lacrimal n.
2. Frontal n.
3. Nasociliary n.

11. The Lacrimal Nerve
- the smallest of the
main ophthalmic
branches
- enters the orbit
through the lateral
part of the
supraorbital fissure

12. The Frontal Nerve
- the largest of the
ophthalmic division
- enters the orbit by the
supraorbital fissure
- has 2 branches:
a. Supraorbital N.
b. Supratrochlear N.

13. The Nasociliary Nerve
- intermediate size between
the frontal and lacrimal
nerves
- has 4 branches:
a. Short ciliary n.,
b. Long ciliary n.,
c. Anterior and posterior
ethmoidal n.
d. Infratrochlear n.

15. THE MAXILLARY NERVE

16. - The intermediate division of the trigeminal nerve is wholly
sensory.
- It leaves the trigeminal ganglion between the ophthalmic and
mandibular divisions to pass through the foramen rotundum.

17. Branches:
1. Meningeal Nerve
2. Branches to the
Sphenopalatine
Ganglion
3. Zygomatic Nerve
4. Posterior Superior
Alveolar Nerve
5. Infraorbital Nerve

18. Location of the Branches of the Maxillary Nerve:
In the cranial cavity Meningeal
In the pterygopalatine fossa Ganglionic,
Zygomatic,
Posterior Superior Alveolar
In the infraorbital canal Middle superior alveolar,
Anterior superior alveolar
On the face Palpebral,
Nasal,
Superior labial

19. IOForamenInfraorbital canal

20. THE MANDIBULAR NERVE

21. • The largest trigeminal division, and is both sensory and
motor,exits the skull through the foramen ovale.
• It supplies the following structures:
a. the teeth and the gums of the mandible,
b. The skin in the temporal region,
c. Part of the auricle including the external meatus and
tympanum,
d. The lower lip,
e. The lower part of the face ,
f. The muscles of mastication,
g. The mucosa of the anterior 2/3s of the tongue,
h. And the mucosa of the floor of the mouth

22. MF
N. To Medial Pterygoid

23. Anterior Division
1
4
3
2

24. MF
N. To Medial Pterygoid

25. Posterior Division
1
3
2

28. Injection Techniques

29. Local Infiltration

30. Local Infiltration of Individual Teeth

31. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth
(Incisive Fossa)

32. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth
(Canine Ridge)

33. Local Infiltration of Maxillary Teeth
(Canine Fossa)

34. Local Infiltration of
Palatal Mucosa and Gingiva

35. Nerve Blocks

36. ASAN and MSAN Nerve Block
(Infraorbital)
• Nerves
Blocked:
1. Terminal
branches of
the
infraorbital
nerve
2. ASAN
3. MSAN

37. PSAN Nerve Block

38. Nasopalatine Nerve Block

39. Greater Palatine Nerve Block

40. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

41. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

42. Gow-Gates Mandibular Nerve Block
• Nerves
blocked:
1. Inferior
alveolar
nerve
2. Lingual
nerve
3. Long buccal
nerve
4. Auriculo-
temporal
nerve

43. Akenosi (Closed Mouth)
Mandibular Nerve Block
• Nerves
blocked:
1. Inferior
alveolar
nerve
1. Lingual nerve
2. Long buccal
nerve
3. Auriculo-
temporal
nerve

44. Mental and Incisive Nerve Block
• Nerves
blocked:
1. Mental
nerve
2. Incisive
branch of
the inferior
alveolar
nerve

45. Lingual Nerve Block

46. Long Buccal Nerve Block