The document describes the arteries and veins of the head and neck region, including the branches of the external carotid artery like the lingual artery and maxillary artery, as well as the drainage veins like the external jugular vein and internal jugular vein. It provides details on the origin, course, and branches of arteries supplying different structures of the head and neck, such as the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and subclavian artery. Key veins that drain blood from the head and neck include the pterygoid plexus, retromandibular vein, and external jugular vein.

2. Blood supply of the head and
neck

3. ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND
NECK

4. Branches of the Arch of Aorta
1. Brachiocephalic artery - divides into right
common carotid artery and right subclavian
artery.
2. Left common carotid artery
3. Left subclavian artery

5. A. SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

6. ORIGIN
Right:
Brachiocephalic a.
Left:
Arch of aorta

7. COURSE
Subclavian triangle
Beneath the clavicle up the level
of the 1st rib
Terminates as the axillary a.

8. Branches of the Subclavian Artery:
1. Vertebral A. -
enters the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae enters the
foramen magnum into the cranial cavity.
2. Thyrocervical trunk. -
supplies the thyroid, neck and scapular region
3. Internal Thoracic A. -
supplies the mammary gland, anterior thoracic wall and diaphragm.
4. Costocervical trunk –
gives off the deep cervical artery and supreme intercostal artery.

9. 11.
14. 12.
13.

10. B. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

11. - The main arterial trunk which gives rise to
branches that supply the head and neck.
- Enclosed in the carotid sheath found in the
carotid triangle.

12. ORIGIN
Right :
Brachiocephalic
artery
Left:
Arch of Aorta

13. COURSE
Ascends within the carotid sheath
Up to the level of the upper border
of the thyroid cartilage
Divides into its to branches
At the bifurcation is a slight
enlargement called carotid sinus

14. BRANCHES
1. Internal Carotid A.
2. External Carotid A.

15. C. INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

16. ORIGIN Commencement
Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid
cartilage

17. Branches:
A. Cervical portion :
no branches in the neck
B. Petrossal portion:
Carotico-tympanic A. supplies the middle ear
C. Intracranial portion
divides into:
1. anterior cerebral A.
2. middle cerebral A.

18. Caroticotympanic A.

20. D. EXTERNAL CAROTID A.

21. ORIGIN Commencement
Common Carotid Artery Upper border of the thyroid
cartilage

22. Termination
Back of the neck of the mandible where it divides into superficial temporal
a. and maxillary a.

23. 5
6
4
3
2
7
1
8

24. Branches of External Carotid A.:
Maxillary A.

25. Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
1. Superior Thyroid A. a. Infrahyoid A. Hyoid bone
b. Superior laryngeal A. Larynx
c. Sternocleidomastoid A. SCM
d. Cricothyroid A. Cricothyroid M.
e. Terminal glandular Thyroid gland
branches
2. Lingual A. a. Dorsal lingual branches Tissues superior to the hyoid
bone, including suprahyoid
b. Sublingual A. m. and floor of the mouth;
Tongue;
c. Deep A. of the tongue or
profunda linguae A.

26. Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
3. Facial A. a. Cervical A. -Face in the oral, buccal,
i. Ascending palatine zygomatic, nasal ,
ii. Tonsillar infraorbital, and orbital
iii. Glandular branch to regions.
submandibular gland -Soft palate, palatine m.,
iv. Submental a. palatine tonsils;
-Submandibular lymph
b. Facial A. nodes, submandibular
i. Inferior labial a. salivary glands, mylohyoid,
ii. Superior labial a. digastric m.,
iii. Lateral nasal a. -Muscles of facial
iv. Angular a. expression
4. Occipital a. Medial and lateral branches SCM, meninges, mastoid,
and ear.
5. Posterior Auricular a. a. Muscular a. Internal ear and mastoid air
b. Parotid a. cells
c. Stylomastoid a.
d. Terminal auricular a.
e. Occipital a.

27. Artery Further branches Tissues supplied
6. Ascending pharyngeal a. i. Small Pharyngeal Pharyngeal walls soft palate,
branches meninges of the brain
ii. Meningeal branches
7. Superficial temporal a. i. Parotid -Parotid duct;
ii. Auricular, -Temporalis m.;
iii. Transverse facial, -Portions of the scalp in the
iv. Middle temporal, frontal and parietal regions
v. Zygomatic,
vi. Anterior terminal,
vii. Posterior terminal
branches
8. Maxillary a.

28. Branches of the Maxillary A.
Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied
Middle meningeal Anterior and posterior Meninges of the brain and
branches bones of skull
Inferior alveolar Mylohyoid, mental, and Mandibular teeth, floor of
incisive the mouth, and mental
region
Deep temporal Temporalis m.
Pterygoid Lateral and medial
pterygoid
Masseteric Masseter m. and TMJ
Buccal Buccinator m. and buccal
region

29. Branches of the Maxillary A.
Major Branches Further Branches Tissues Supplied
Posterior superior alveolar Posterior maxillary teeth,
gums and mucous
membrane and maxillary
sinus
Infraorbital Orbital and anterior Anterior part of cheek,
superior alveolar upper eyelid, lacrimal
gland, side of the nose,
root of the upper lip
Descending palatine Lesser palatine Hard and soft palate,
mucosa and glands; gingiva
on the lingual surface of
the upper alveolar process
Sphenopalatine Lateral nasal, septal, and Nasal cavity , the adjacent
nasopalatine sinuses and the pharynx

30. 9.
10.
1. 8.
7.
6.
2.
5.
3.
4.

32. VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

34. A. Superficial Veins

35. 1. External jugular vein
2. Anterior jugular vein

37. B. Deep Veins

38. 1. Anterior facial vein
2. Internal jugular vein
3. Subclavian vein

40. Region or Tributaries Drainage Veins Major Veins
Drained
Meninges of the brain Middle meningeal Pterygoid plexus
Lesser scalp area Superficial temporal and Retromandibular and
posterior auricular external jugular
Frontal region Supratrochlear and Facial and ophthalmic
supraorbital
Orbital region Ophthalmic Cavernous sinus and
pterygoid plexus
Superficial temporal and Retromandibular vein External jugular
maxillary veins
Upper lip area Superior labial Facial
Maxillary teeth Posterior superior alveolar Pterygoid plexus

41. Region or Tributaries Drainage Veins Major Veins
Drained
Lower lip areas Inferior labial Facial
Mandibular teeth and Inferior alveolar Pterygoid plexus
submental region
Submental region Submental Facial
Lingual and sublingual Lingual Facial or internal jugular
regions
Deep facial areas and Pterygoid plexus Maxillary
posterior superior alveolar
and inferior alveolar veins
Pterygoid plexus of veins Maxillary Retromandibular

43. BLOOD TRACING