شرح الtrigeminal nerve بصوره سهله ةبسيطه لا تنسوا الاشتراك في القناه ليصلكم فيديو الشرح https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4ShQuhSqGknadojsERHiHg

1. Trigeminal nerve

2. Trigeminal nerve:
1-it is one of cranial nerves
2- it is the nerve NO.5
3- consist of three branches
1- ophthalmic
2- maxillary
3 - mandibular
4- it is mixed nerve (sensory and motor)

3. Ophthalmic nerve:
it is the smallest devision of trigeminal nerve
passes forwards in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus and then it divides
beforethe superior orbital fissure (SOF) into 3 branches that enter the orbit
through the fissure, they are:
1. Lacrimal Nerve: The smallest branch, which enters the orbit through the lateral
end of SOF and supplies the lacrimal gland and skin of the lateral 1/3
of upper eyelid.
2. Frontal Nerve: The largest branch which enters the orbit through SOF and passes
forwards below the middle of the roof of the orbit and divides into 2
terminal branches; supra-trochlear and supra-orbital branches which supply the skin
of the anterior part of the scalp and upper eye lid.
3. Nasociliary Nerve: It enters the orbit through the medial part of SOF. It crosses
optic nerve and passes forwards along the medial wall of the orbit to
give the following branches:
a) Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves.
b) Long ciliary nerve (to the eyeball).
c) Infratrochlear nerve: Reaches the face and supplies the skin of the medial
parts of eyelids and root of nose.
d) Communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion.

4. Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1). (1, gasserian [trigeminal,
semilunar] ganglion; 2, ophthalmic nerve; 3, nasociliary nerve;
4, posterior ethmoidal nerve; 5, frontal nerve; 6, lacrimal
nerve; 7, anterior ethmoidal nerve; 8, lacrimal gland; 9,
supraorbital nerve; 10, supratrochlear nerve; 11, infratrochlear
nerve; 12, long ciliary nerves; 13, ciliary ganglion.)

5. Maxillary Nerve
purely sensory nerve, which is intermediate in position and size between
ophthalmic and mandibular nerve
Course:
it leaves
the middle cranial fossa through foramen rotundum to enter the pterygo-
palatine fossa enters the orbit through the
inferior orbital fissure. It is now called infra-orbital nerve, which passes in the
infralorbital groove, infra-orbital canal and finally passes through the infra-
orbital foramen
to reach the face and terminates by dividing into 3 branches: Palpebral, nasal
and labial.

7. In Pterygopalatine Fossa, Branches Into
1. Infraorbital nerve. Enters orbit via inferior orbital fissure (IOF).
Structures in IOF: infraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, infraorbital artery and vein, and inferior
ophthalmic vein. Then infraorbital nerve travels under orbital periosteum; then enters and traverses the
infraorbital canal and exits via the infraorbital foramen to innervate the midportion of the face.
Along its course
it gives off
• Posterior superior alveolar nerves. To maxillary sinus, molar teeth of maxilla, and adjacent
gums and cheek.
• Middle superior alveolar nerve. To maxillary premolar teeth.
• Anterior superior alveolar nerves. To the maxillary incisor and canine teeth.
• Inferior palpebral branches to lower lid skin and conjunctiva, external nasal branches to side of
nose, and superior labial branches to upper lip

8. Maxillary nerve (CN V2). (1, maxillary nerve; 2, foramen rotundum; 3,
infraorbital nerve; 4, zygomaticotemporal nerve; 5, zygomaticofacial nerve; 6,
infraorbital foramen; 7, anterior superior alveolar nerves; 8, zygomatic nerve; 9,
middle superior alveolar nerve; 10, posterior superior alveolar nerves; 11, ganglionic
branches [fine filaments running to the pterygopalatine ganglion]; 12, gasserian
[trigeminal, semilunar] ganglion.)

9. Sphenopalatine Ganglion:
Found in Pterygopalatine fossa.
Branches:
Orbital
Nasal:
Short Sphenopalatine.
Long Sphenopalatine (Nasopalatine): comes out from
the incisive foramen & runs backward, it supplies the
mucoperiosteum of the anterior part of the palate as far as
the canine.
Pharyngeal
Palatine:
Greater palatine: descends through the greater palatine
canal, emerges on the hard palate from the greater palatine
foramen and runs forwards in a groove on the inferior
surface of the bony palate, it supplies the mucoperiosteum
of the posterior part of the palate as far as the canine.
Lesser palatine: comes out from the lesser palatine
foramen & runs backward, it supplies the mucosa of the
soft palate.

10. Mandibular Division
• Sensory and motor.
• Largest of the three divisions.
Course:
The two roots leave the skull through the foramen oval where they unite together just
beyond the foramen forming mandibular nerve trunk, the trunk is one cm long, it divides into
anterior division (small and mainly motor) and posterior division (large and mainly sensory).
Branches:
1) From the trunk
Motor: Nerve to medial pterygoid, it gives 3 branches for 3 muscles:
Medial pterygoid muscle.
Tensor palati muscle.
Tensor tympani muscle.
Sensory: Nervus spinosus: It reaches the middle cranial fossa through foramen
spinosum to supply its dura mater

11. 2) From the anterior division: All its branches are motor except one sensory
branch, they are:
Motor branches:
Two branches for temporalis, called deep temporal nerves.
Branch for masseter, passes through mandibular notch.
Branch for lateral pterygoid.
Sensory branch:
Long Buccal nerve: It is the continuation of the anterior division of the
mandibular nerve. It emerges between the 2 heads of lateral pterygoid
muscle then descends on its lower head to reach and supply the skin covering
and the mucosa lining the buccinator muscle.

12. 3) From the posterior division: It gives off
auriculo-temporal
aurcular nerve
Temporal nerve
Glandular nerve
Articular nerve
l then divides into lingual nerve
Pre ganglion parathympathatic give
sub maxillary gland and sub lingual through chordatympani
Ganglion parathympathatic
To sub mandibular gland
Post ganglion parathympathatic
Give sub lingual gland
Sensory branche
two anterior 2/3 of tongue
Floor of mouth and lingual aspect of gingiva
Taste sensation
anterior 2/3 of tongue via chordatympani

13. & inferior alveolar nerves
It is the largest branch of posterior division of mandibular nervemuscle, posterior to the
lingual nerve to enter the mandibular foramen. It runs in the mandibular canal and divides at the
mental foramen into two terminal branches; mental and incisive. Prior entering the mandibular canal
the mylohyoid nerve (motor) arises from it. The inferior alveolar nerve
gives:
Dental branches:
They arise in the mandibular canal supplying the lower teeth, and alveolar bone. Branches to the
canine and incisor teeth arise
from incisive nerve while branches to the remaining teeth arise from inferior alveolar nerve itself.
Mental nerve:
It comes out from the mental foramen to supply the skin of chin and lower lip
Motor branch:
Nerve to mylohyoid (Motor nerve from posterior division): It arises from the inferior alveolar nerve
near the mandibular foramen, runs in the
mylohyoid groove supplying the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles.

14. Mandibular nerve (CN V3). (1, gasserian [trigeminal, semilunar]
ganglion; 2, deep temporal nerves; 3, pterygoid nerves; 4, buccal
nerve; 5, buccinator muscle; 6, mental foramen; 7, inferior dental
branches of inferior alveolar nerve; 8, masseteric nerve; 9, inferior
alveolar nerve; 10, lingual nerve; 11, auriculotemporal nerve; 12,
recurrent meningeal branch; 13, temporalis muscle; 14, pterygoid
muscles; 15, masseter muscle.)

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