The document discusses transfusion pathology, including blood groups, blood typing systems like ABO and Rh, blood products, transfusion indications, and testing. It covers the main blood group antigens and antibodies, how blood typing and crossmatching is performed, common transfusion reactions and complications, and the risks of infection or other issues from transfusions.

1. Transfusion pathology www.freelivedoctor.com

3. intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers www.freelivedoctor.com

10. What are the antigens? Type A Type B Type AB Type O www.freelivedoctor.com intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

12. H antigen A antigen B antigen www.freelivedoctor.com intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

14. www.freelivedoctor.com Genotype Antigens Blood type AA A A AO BB B B BO AB A and B AB OO None O intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

15. How common is each blood type? www.freelivedoctor.com Blood type Percent of population A 40% B 12% AB 6% O 42% intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

17. So what? Type A Type B Type AB Type O www.freelivedoctor.com intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

18. www.freelivedoctor.com Genotype Antigens Blood type Antibodies AA A A anti-B AO BB B B anti-A BO AB A and B AB none OO None O anti-A anti-B intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

19. Compatible blood types * type O = universal d O nor! www.freelivedoctor.com Recipient blood type Donor blood type A A or O * B B or O AB AB, A, B, or O O O intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

20. O AB www.freelivedoctor.com B

23. www.freelivedoctor.com Genotype Antigens Blood type DD D Rh + Dd D Rh + dd none Rh - intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

30. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma BLOOD PRODUCTS www.freelivedoctor.com

31. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma BLOOD PRODUCTS www.freelivedoctor.com

32. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma BLOOD PRODUCTS www.freelivedoctor.com

33. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets BLOOD PRODUCTS Fresh Frozen Plasma www.freelivedoctor.com

34. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma VIII Cryoprecipitate BLOOD PRODUCTS IX Albumin IgG www.freelivedoctor.com

36. Whole Blood Use: massive hemorrhage RBC WBC platelets plasma Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

37. Whole Blood Red Cells Use: low hemoglobin RBC a few WBC a few platelets a little plasma Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

38. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Use: sepsis in neutropenic patients neutrophils Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

39. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-rich plasma INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

40. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets Use: bleeding due to thrombocytopenia platelets Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

41. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma Use: bleeding due to multiple factor deficiencies (e.g., DIC) Plasma (including ALL coagulation factors) Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

42. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate Uses: low fibrinogen, vW disease, hemophilia A fibrinogen von Willebrand factor VIII Contents: INDICATIONS www.freelivedoctor.com

43. Whole Blood Red Cells Granulocytes Platelet-Rich Plasma Platelets Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate INDICATIONS A bunch of other stuff Use: rarely used www.freelivedoctor.com

45. patient red cells (type A) FORWARD TYPE anti-A antibodies AHG Forward typing is done using both anti-A and anti-B antibodies! www.freelivedoctor.com

46. patient serum (with anti-B Ab) AHG reagent red cells (type B) REVERSE TYPE Reverse typing is done using both type A and type B reagent cells! www.freelivedoctor.com

47. patient serum AHG donor red cells CROSSMATCH www.freelivedoctor.com

48. patient serum AHG reagent RBC number 1 patient serum AHG reagent RBC number 2 ANTIBODY SCREEN no agglutination (negative test ) agglutination (positive test) www.freelivedoctor.com

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58. What’s the risk of getting an infection? www.freelivedoctor.com Bug Risk Hepatitis C One in 50,000 Hepatitis B One in 100,000 HTLV One in 100,000 Bacterial infection One in a million Other infections One in a million HIV One in 2 million intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers

59. What’s the risk of other complications? www.freelivedoctor.com Complication Risk Allergic reaction One in 100 (severe: one in 20,000) Febrile reaction One in 200 Circulatory overload One in 3,000 Delayed hemolysis One in 4,000 (fatal: one in 4 million) Acute hemolysis One in 20,000 (fatal: one in 600,000) intro Rh ABO products other groups indications testing dangers